核心英语上册Unit 5 Food and Health

HigherVocationalEnglish,Unit5:FoodandHealth,BackgroundReferences,TableManners,Posture:Situpstraight,withyourarmsheldnearyourbody.Itispermissibletoleanforwardslightlyeverynowandthenandpresstheelbowsveryslightlyagainsttheedgeofthetable.Theeatingarmshouldriseoffthetablewhencarryingfoodtothemouth;themouthmustnotbeloweredtomeettheforkorthespoon.Havingsoup:Dipthespoonintothesoup,movingitawayfromthebody,untilitisabouttwo-thirdsfull,thensiptheliquidfromthesideofthespoon,withoutinsertingthewholebowlofthespoonintothemouth.Itisfinetotiltthebowlslightlyagainawayfromthebodytogetthelastspoonfulortwoofsoup.Offeringfood:“Pleasepassmethesalt.”Theproperresponsetothisverysimplerequestistopickupboththesaltandthepepperandtoplacethemonthetablewithinreachofthepersonnexttoyou,whowilldothesame,andsoon,untiltheyreachthepersonwhoaskedforthem.,BackgroundReferences,TableManners,Mannersofeating:Itisgoodmannerstotalkduringmeals,butdonttalkwithyourmouthfull.Topicsshouldbenicestoriessuitableforeating.Eatwhatisinfrontofyou.Donotrushforthebestpieceoffoodthatisserved.Closeyourmouthwhileeatingtoavoidunnecessarynoises.Donotstarteatingaheadoftheelders.Mannersofdrinking:Donotpouryourdrinkdownyourthroatinonegulp.Drinkitinthreesips.Donotbehaveasifyouhavenoteatenforalongtime,orasifyouhavenotseensuchexcellentfoodbefore.Donotbreatheoutinyourglass.More:Youshouldnotburporslurpatthetable,althoughblowingonesnoseisperfectlyallright.Donotexpressyourdisapprovalordislikeofcertainfoods.Eithereatitorpassitoverquietly.,BackgroundReferences,Ingeneral,Americanfoodismildtasting;mostAmericansdonotseasontheirfoodtoanygreatdegree.Saladsareverypopularandareservedallyear,butespeciallyinthesummer.ThemaincourseservedinAmericanmealsisusuallymeat,fish,orpoultry,butrarelyismorethanoneoftheseservedatthesamemeal.Seafoodissometimesservedasafirstcourse,however.CoffeeisthepopularAmericandrinkatallhoursoftheday.ManyAmericandrinkcoffeeorteawiththeirmeals.Besidesteaandcoffee,otherdrinkspopularinAmericaarecola,milkandmilkdrinkscalledmilkshakes,fruitjuices,andothermilddrinks.EggsareapopularbreakfastfoodintheUnitedStates.Theycanbeboiledorfried,andservedwithorwithoutapieceofmeatsuchasbaconorham.Friedeggsmaybecooked“sunny-sideup”whichmeanstheyarefriedinonesideonly,withtheyokeoftheeggshowing.Friedeggs“over”meansthattheyarefriedlightlyonbothsides.ManyAmericanseatalargebreakfastandconsidertwoeggsandpieceofmeatanormalmeal.In,AmericanFood,BackgroundReferences,somepartsofthecountry,potatoesareservedwithbreakfast.Theyarecalled“homefries”or“hashbrowns.”Withlunchordinner,youmaynotice“Frenchfries”onthemenu.Thesearefriedpotatoesknownas“chips”inotherpartsoftheworld.Theyareoftenservedwiththemealwhetheryouorderthemornot.Anothercommonvegetablesaladservedwithlunchordinneris“coleslaw,”madefromcabbage.TwoofthemostpopularAmericanfoodsarehotdogsandhamburgers.Youwillfindtheseavailableatalmostall“fastfood”restaurants.Hotdogsarealsocalled“franks”,shortformforfrankfurters.Ahotdogisusuallymadeeitherfrombeefofpork,oracombinationofthetwo,butahamburgerisbeef.Bothareservedonabreadroll;hotdogsonalongrollandhamburgeronaroundroll.Youhaveyourchoiceofaddinganumberofsaucesandvegetablesatnoextracharge.AfavoritesauceofmanyAmericansisatomatosaucecalledketchuporcatsup.,AmericanFood,PracticeBook(answerkey),Part1Activity1Activity2Activity3,Part2LemonTreeExercise1Exercise2Exercise3,Part3Pre-ReadingTextATextB,Part4BrainstormingTask,Part5GrammarAnswers,MainContents,PartI:SpeakingActivity,Activity1:Listasmanytypesoffoodaspossibleandgive3examplestoeachtype.Thecriteriaforclassifyingdonotmatter.e.g.Westernfood,Chinesefood,PartI:SpeakingActivity,Activity2:Writethecorrectwordsintothegaps.Youcaneitherusethesingularorthepluralformofthewords.,PartI:SpeakingActivity,Fruits,0.strawberry1.banana2.pineapple3.grape4.papaya5.lime6.apple7.lemon8.grapefruit9.melon10.orange,PartI:SpeakingActivity,Vegetables,0.lettucecarrotonionbeanbroccolitomatomushroomartichokecucumbercorn10.redpepper,PartI:SpeakingActivity,Activity3:Youreatarestauranthavingbreakfastwithafriend.Askwhathe/shewantstoeatanddrink.He/sheanswerschoosingfromthemenubelow.,PartI:SpeakingActivity,GOODMORNINGMENUBreakfastservedfrom7:00to11:30A.M.EGGSthecurdlingofthemilkisthefirststepinitsdigestion.,TEXTA，Exercise5,许多科学家告诉我们的观点都是没什么根据的。几年前有种看法很普遍，那就是在同一餐中绝不应当又喝橙汁又喝牛奶，因为橙汁中的酸性物质会使牛奶凝结成乳块因而消化不了。事实上，牛奶在胃里总会遇到胃的消化液，而这种胃液总是要把牛奶变成乳块的。把牛奶变成乳块是在消化牛奶的过程中的第一个步骤。,TEXTB,AmericanFood,“你吃什么就会成为什么样子”营养专家经常使用这句话来倡导更好的饮食习惯，入嘴的东西确实成为我们的一部分。但我们也可以从另一个角度来看这句话，我们所吃的反映出我们自己不论就人或文化而言。你想了解另一种文化吗？那么你应该去了解他们的食物。了解美国食物可以让我们得知美国文化的精髓。何谓美式食物？乍听之下你可能认为答案很容易。对许多人而言，美式食物就是汉堡、热狗、炸鸡和匹萨。如果你是好吃甜食的人，你可能会想到苹果派或巧克力片饼干。美国人确实吃这些东西，但这些就是你在美国唯一找得到的食物吗？除了感恩节火鸡以外，挺难找到典型的美国食物。美国是个移民之地，所以美国人吃的食物来自许多不同的国家，当人们移居美国，他们也将自己的烹调带了进来。那也就是为什么在美国你几乎可以看到所有不同民族的食物。生活在快速步调之下的美国人,WhatisthetypicalAmericanfood?,PartIII:ReadingComprehension,TEXTB,AmericanFood,通常只能“很快地吃几口”。快餐店给赶时间的人提供各种食物，从炸鸡到炒饭，应有尽有。微波炉晚餐和即食食品使得在家烧饭省事又快速。当然，最平常的美式速餐之一就是三明治。任何能夹在两片面包中间的东西，美国人就可以把它做成一份三明治，花生酱和果酱一直都是美国人的最爱。忙碌的美国人也趋向于吃一大堆“垃圾食物”。薯片、糖果、汽水和其它好吃的东西都颇受欢迎。许多人吃了太多这类不健康的零嘴，但是其他人则选择较健康的饮食习惯，有些人甚至选择“全天然”的食物，他们拒绝吃任何化学制品或添加剂加工过的食物。美国文化是“你吃什么就会成为什么样子”这句话的好写照。美国人代表了范围广泛的背景和想法。在美国可享受到的各式食物正反映出个人品味的多样化。这种食物可能是国际性也可能是地区性的；有时是快餐，有时却不是；它可能是垃圾食物，也可能是天然食品。然而无论如何，它们都是完全美国式的。,PartIII:ReadingComprehension,TEXTB,Exercise,Foodiscloselyrelatedtoculture.()2.WhatisAmericanfoodiseasytoanswer.()3.Americanshavemanykindsoffavoritefoods.()4.PizzaisatypicallyAmericanfood.()5.ManyAmericanshaveasweettooth.()6.TheimmigrantstooktheirownfoodtoAmerica.()7.Allnaturalpeoplehavegoodeatinghabits.()8.Applepieandchocolatechipcookiesareunhealthysnacks.(),T,PartIII:ReadingComprehension,F,T,F,T,T,T,F,Typeoffood:_Sizeofrestaurant:_Dcor:_,Activity:Brainstorming,Direction:,Youandyourpartneraregoingtoopenarestaurantbyyourschool.Planyournewrestaurant.,PartIV:AppliedWriting,Startlikethis:Whatkindoffooddoyouthinkyoushouldserve?,ChineseFood,homelydishes,40squaremeters,generalChinesefamilystyle,suchaswoodentablesandchairs,PartIV:AppliedWriting,Tips,Howtowriteyourrestaurantmenu,Arestaurantmenuismorethanjustalistoffoodwithprices.Itisareflectionofyourrestaurantstyleandconcept.Therearethreemainpartsofdesigningarestaurantmenu:Description,LayoutandPricing.RestaurantMenuDescriptionAgoodruleofthumbwhenwritingthedescriptionsofyourmenuitemsistokeepitshortandsimple.Butthedescriptionshouldbevividandenticing-enoughtomakeaguestsmouthwater.Alwaysexplainwhatarethemajoringredientsareinaparticulardish,anduseethnicnamesiftheyfit,toaddabitofauthenticflairtothemenudescription.,PartIV:AppliedWriting,Tips,Howtowriteyourrestaurantmenu,RestaurantMenuDesignArestaurantmenudesignisareflectionoftherestaurantitself.Restaurantmenulayoutsandcolors,whetherformal,casualorplayful,shouldmatchyourrestaurantconcept,locationortheme.Yourmenufontandcolorschemeshouldreflectyourrestauranttheme.RestaurantMenuPricingFoodcostandportioncontrolaretwowaystohelppriceyourmenucorrectly,soyoumakeaprofitbutbecarefulnottopriceyourselfoutofthelocalmarket.Anotherwaytoensureaprofitistocreateabalanceofexpensiveandinexpensiveitemsandlimitingtheuseofmarketpriceitems,whichhavethegreatestfluctuationinprices.,PartIV:AppliedWriting,SampleAnswer中,Afteryoudecideonthedcor,thesizeoftherestaurant,andthetypeoffoodyouwanttoserve,planyourmenu-includingprices.,Task,MenuMeatVegetablesBraisedPorkinBrownSauceMaPoTofuTwice-cookedPorkHome-cookedTofuSteamedPorkwithRiceFlourStir-friedChineseCabbageFish-flavoredPorkShredsDryFriedRadishShredsSweetandSourSpareribsFish-flavoredEggplantGongBaoDicedChickenStir-friedShreddedPotatoFishSoupBraiseFishHeadinanEarthenPotPigsBladderSoupBraisedCarpwithHotBeanSauceTomatoandEggDropSoupSauteedSlicedFishCucumberandSlicedPorkSoupFriedPrawnswithPepperSaltWhiteFungiandRedDatesSoup,AttributiveClause,1,定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引出。关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which等，关系副词有when,where,why等。who引导的定语从句修饰人，而不是物，who取代了he/she/theythewoman-shelivesnextdoor-isadoctor.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.who取代sheWhatwasthenameofthemanwholentyouthemoney?who也可以用that取代Themanthatlivesnextdoorisveryfriendly.whom可以替代who，充当定语从句中动词的宾语ThewomanwhomIwantedtoseewasawayonholiday.Thewomanwithwhomhefellinlovelefthimafterafewweeks.在口语中不常用whom，who/that更常见，或不用关系代词,PartV:Grammar,AttributiveClause,1,谈论事物时，使用that或which引导的定语从句Whereisthecheese?-itwasinthefridgeWhereisthecheesethat/whichwasinthefridge?Idontlikestoriesthathaveunhappyendings.Barbaraworksforacompanythatmakeswashingmachines.who/that/which充当定语从句中动词的宾语时可以省略Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who=thewoman是主语，不能省略Thewoman(who)Iwantedtoseewasawayonholiday.Iwantedtoseethewoman.who=thewoman是宾语，可以省略Haveyoufoundthekeysyoulost?ThedressAnnboughtdoesntfitherverywell.IsthereanythingIcando?,PartV:Grammar,AttributiveClause,1,whose替代定语从句中的his/her/theirWhatsthenameofthemanwhosecaryouborrowed?AfewdaysagoImetsomeonewhosebrotherIwenttoschoolwith.where在定语从句中表示地点IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.或thetown(that)Iwasbornin.Iwouldliketoliveinacountrywherethereisplentyofsunshine.when在定语从句中表时间或用theday/theyear/thetime等+(that)somethinghappens。Doyourememberthedaywhen/(that)wefirstmet?Thelasttime(that)Isawher,shelookedverywell.Why在定语从句中的先行词通常是reason，有时why也可用forwhich代替。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.,PartV:Grammar,AttributiveClause,1,关系代词that和which的区别如下：先行词为all,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,much等修饰词时，只能用that。Matterisanythingthathasweightandtakesupspace.先行词前有形容词最高级以及first,last,every,some,any,very,next,only等修饰词时，只能用that。Thefirstthingthattheyshoulddoistoworkouttheirplan.which引导的定语从句前可使用逗号，表示其为非限制性定语从句，that从句则不能。Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.,PartV:Grammar,Activity,2,Changethesentencesintheboxbelowintoattributiveclauses,andthenfillthemintheblanks.Thefirstexamplewasgiven.wehiredacaryouregoingtoseeafilmIinvitedsomepeopletothepartytheystolemycartheyareneverontimeTomrecommendedahoteltousyoulostsomekeyswewantedtovisitamuseumsherunsawayfromhometheywereonthewallitcansupportlifee.g.Haveyoufoundthekeys_youlost?_,PartV:Grammar,Answers,3,1.Thepolicehavecaughtthemen2.ItseemsthatEarthistheonlyplanet3.Themuseumwasshutwhenwegotthere.4.Whatsthenameofthefilm5.Whatshappenedtothepictures6.Someofthepeoplecouldntcome.7.Idontlikepeople8.Thebookisaboutagirl9.Thecarbrokedownafterafewmiles.10.Westayedatahotel,PartV:Grammar,who/thatstolemycar.,that/whichcansupportlife.,(that/which)wewantedtovisit,(that/which)youregoingtosee.,that/whichwereonthewall.,(who/that)Iinvitedtotheparty,who/thatareneverontime.,who/thatrunsawayfromhome.,(that/which)wehired,(that/w