研究生英语综合教程上unit1.ppt

IntegratedCourseforGraduateStudents,Book1Unit1Planningyourfuturecareer,CeliaZhang,StartingoutReadingFocusPracticalTranslationFocusedWriting,Task1Worktogetherwithyourpartnerandfillinthetablewiththeattributesthatyouthinkmakeagoodemployerandagoodemployeeonpage2.,Choosethemostimportantthreeattributesforpeopleineachrole,andgiveyourreasons.,employee:goodhealth,astrongsenseofresponsibility,cooperativenessemployer:goodhealth,greatcommunicativeskills,intelligenceandcreativeness,Goodhealthisthefoundationforcareerdevelopment,whateverroleoneplays.Foranemployee,thesenseofresponsibilityisrelatedtohowdevotedonewillbetohisjobandcooperativenessensuresthesmoothprogressofaworkproject,sincemanyprojectsinvolvethecooperationofmanyworkers.Asanemployer,hemustbeintelligent,whichenableshimtodealwiththebusinessmanagementeffectively.Goodatcommunicatingwithdifferentpeople,whichistheguaranteeofapleasantinterpersonalrelationshipbothinandoutsidehisbusiness.,Telleachotherwhatyouwouldliketobeaftergraduation,anemployeroranemployee?Givereasonsforyourchoice.,Wordsorphrasesforyourreference:runabusiness,betolerantof,ambitious,awell-paidjob,aquietlife,asenseofachievement,achild-hooddream,manage,sensitive,communicatewith,endure,hardship,confident,good-tempered,cooperativeopen-minded,punctual,positive,flexible,generous,Idliketobeanemployee.,1.IdontthinkIhavetheabilitytorunabusinesssuccessfully2.IamnotambitiousandIdarenottotakeanyriskstobeginmyownbusiness.AllIwantisawell-paidjobandaquietlife.,Idliketobeaemployer.,Iamapersonfullofbeautifuldreamsandambitions.Oneofmydreamsistohavemyownbusiness,andtorunitsmoothly.Besides,Ireallyenjoythefreedomtobemyownbossandtomakemyowndecision.Iwasbornwiththeabilitytodobusinesswellandtocommunicatewithothers.Iamreadytotaketherisksandtoendurethehardshipofrunningabusiness.,TraitsoftheKeyPlayers,Whatdoestheterm“keyplayers”referto?“Keyplayers”referstoahandfulofstaffinagivenareaofexpertisethatyoucancountontogetthejobdone.Howdocompaniesrecruit“keyplayers”?Companiesrecruittheirstaffeitherbyhiring“keyplayers”fromanothercompanyorfrom“newbies”whoseemtohavethesametraitsasthosetoppeople.,Introduction,Trait1:Theselflesscollaborator,Importanceofthetrait:AccordingtoJohnFetzer,onecantsucceedinanindustryenvironmentwithoutthemindsetofbeingcollaborativeandselfless.B.Waysofdevelopingthetrait:a.Workingtogetherwithscientistsfromotherlabsanddisciplinesinpursuitofacommongoalb.Aliberaluseofthepronoun“we”andnotjust“I”,whendescribingyouraccomplishmentsc.Todevelopareputationinsideyourlabandwithpeopleyourlabcollaborateswithasapersonwhofostersandinitiatescollaborationsandmakesurethisqualitygetsmentionedbythosewhowilltakethosereferencephonecalls,无私的合作者,Importanceofthetrait:AccordingtoDonHaut,onewaythatcompanieswinthecompetitionthathappens24/7/365istoget“there”faster.Thistraitisarequirementnotonlyforpeoplewhocanactquickly,butforthosewhocanthinkfastwiththecouragetoactontheirownconviction,Trait2:Asenseofurgency,紧迫感,Importanceofthetrait:A.BeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemandsSupportingevidence:a.Quotationfromoneoftheclientsinajobdescriptionb.WhatDonHautsaysB.CompaniesconsistentlylookforcandidateswhocanbewrongandadmititSupportingevidence:a.Failureisimportantbecauseitshowsyouwerenotafraidtotakechancesb.WhatDonHautsays.,Trait3:Risktolerance,风险容忍度,Importanceofthetrait:A.Forpeopleinbusinessroles,interpersonalabilitiesmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureSupportingevidence:AccordingtoRickLeach,workingforabusinessrequirespeopleskills.B.ItwouldbeamistaketoassumethatstrongpeopleskillsarerequiredonlyforbusinesspeopleSupportingevidence:Thekeyplayerswhosucceedintheirworkdependsontheirabilitytoworkwithabroadvarietyofpersonalities,Trait4:Strengthininterpersonalrelationships,善于处理人际关系的能力,Everycompanyhasahandfulofstaffinagivenareaofexpertisethatyoucancountontogetthejobdone.(Para.1)staff:(n.)thegroupofpeoplewhoworkforanorganizationThereisagoodrelationshipbetweenstaffandpupilsattheschool.以staff做主语的句子，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以用复数Thestaffhasbeencutbyaquarteroverthepastyear.Thestaffarenotveryhappyaboutthelatestpayincrease.,LanguagePoints,beonthestaffof:beamemberofHeisontheeditorialstaffoftheNewYorkTimes.staff(v.)providewithstaffHowmanyemployeeswillittaketostaffthisresort?Wehavenotenoughmoneytostaffallourschools.2.serveonthestaffofMostofourofficesarestaffedbyvolunteers.,expertise：(n.)specialskillorknowledgeTheforeigncoachhasspecialknowledgeandexpertise.Weareamazedathisexpertiseontheskislope(滑雪道）.辨析expertise(n.)和expert(n.;adj.)Mymotherisan_atdress-making.Ithoughtyourhandlingofthesituationwas_.Maryhasconsiderable_inFrenchhistory.,expert,expert,expertise,翻译：每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。,Thisisapartofpeptalk.(Para.2),peptalk:鼓舞士气的讲话;Youcametogivemeapeptalk?你来给我些鼓励的话吗?Ithinktheywantapre-gamepeptalk.我认为他们要赛前动员。CantyouseethatIaminthemiddleofapeptalk?没有看见我正在给大家打气吗?,Weholdthemuptothestandardsweseeinourtoppeople.(Para.2)Paraphrase:Weevaluatethembythestandardtraitsourkeyplayersshowtous.holdsb./sth.upto:subjectsb./sth.tosth.unpleasant,suchastest,mockeryetc.e.g.Acriticoftenholdsupabooktoridiculeorcontempt.评论家经常对某本书加以嘲笑和蔑视。翻译：我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出来的特质进行对照。,Itsaneducatedguess.,educatedguess:有根据的推测；凭知识或经验的猜测Estimatingtherightcookingtimewillalwaysbeaneducatedguess.拿捏好烹饪的时间常常需要日积月累。Icanttellyouexactlyhowmuchthebuildingworkwillcost,butIcanmakeaneducatedguess.虽然我没法告诉你具体的修建费用,但是我可以估计个八九不离十.,Itdeservesrepeatingbecauseitisthesinglemostpublicdifferencebetweenacademiaandindustry.(Para.4)deserve:(v.)beworthyofYoudeserveapromotionafterallthehardworkyouhavedone.你这么努力工作，理应升职。我想他们值得祝贺。Ithinktheydeservetobecongratulated.,singleUsedbeforethesuperlative“most”，emphasizesthatthisisthemostpublicdifferencebetweenacademiaandindustrye.g.:TheMiddleEastistheworldssinglemostimportantsourceofoil.中东是世界上最为重要的一个产油地。吸烟是导致肺癌最有可能的起因。Cigarettesmokingisthesinglemostlikelycauseoflungcancer.它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业界间最明显的差别。,“Thebusinessenvironmentislesslone-wolfandcompetitive,sosignsofbeingcollaborativeandselflessstandout.(Para.4)Thesentencemeans:Comparedwithacademia,thebusinessenvironmentrequireslesscapabilityindoingindividualresearchandtherearelesscompetitionsamongindividualworkers,sopeopleorbehaviorsshowingthetraitsofbeingcollaborativeandselflessareeasilyrecognized.企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出。,lonewolf:someonewhopreferstobealoneHeisalonewolf,apparentlywantingnofriendsandseekingnoman.IdosobecauseImalonewolf.Areyougoingtorunwiththepackorareyougoingtolonewolfit?你要集体行动还是单独行动?Inthetext,名词lonewolf当形容词用。standout:tobeverynoticeableWehadlotsofgoodapplicantsforthejob,butonestoodoutfromtherest.,Manypostdocsandgradstudentshaveatoughtimeshowingthattheycanmakethistransitionbecausesomuchoftheirlifehasinvolvedplayingtheindependentresearcherroleandoutshiningotheryoungstars.(Para.5)Paraphrase:Manypostdoctorsandgraduatestudentsfinditveryhardtoadaptthemselvestothistransitionsincetheyhavedevotedmuchoftheirlifetodoingindependentresearchworkandtryingtodobetterthantheirpeers.许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都是在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色的。,involve1)imply,makenecessaryTheoperationinvolvesputtingasmalltubeintoyourheart.2)implicatepersonincharge,crimeetc.Thefourmenwereallinvolvedinorganizingandcarryingoutthemurders.3)includesb.orsth.insth.ortomakethemtakepartinorfeelpartofitDoweneedtoinvolvesomeonefromthecomputerdepartmentatthisstageinourdiscussion?,包含,牵涉,使参与,outshine:(v.)tobebetterormoreimpressivethansb.orsth.elseSeveralnewplayersoutshonetheveterans.动词前缀“out”主要有三种意思:1)doingbetterthane.g.Sheoutranhim.2)beingorbecomingbigger,further,greaterthansomeoneorsomethingelsee.g.Shesoutgrownherclothes.Sheoutlivedherbrother.3)outsideorbeyondsomethinge.g.anoutbuilding外屋（谷仓，车库）outlyingarea边远地区,Youcanmakeyourselfmoreattractivetocompaniesbyworkingtogetherwithscientistsfromotherlaboratoriesanddisciplinesinpursuitofacommongoalanddocumentingtheresultsonyourrsum.(Para.5)介词词组“inpursuitofacommongoal”当状语，相当于duringtheprocessofpursuingacommongoal.“anddocumentingtheresultsonyourrsum.”意为“并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。”result(n.):theachievementofsomethinge.g.Shecertainlyknowshowtogetresults.Forbestresults,alwaysusefreshingredientswhenyouarecooking.,document:(n.)apaperorsetofpaperswithwrittenorprintedinformation,esp.ofanofficialtype.Letters,mapsandpicturesaredocuments.Letmeseealltheofficialdocumentsconcerningthesaleoftheland(v.)provebyorsupportwithdocumentssuchasreferences,certificatesandcredentials.Hisinterestincrickethasbeenwell-documentedbythemedia.Thelawyergatheredevidencetodocumentthecharges.,证明;为提供证明;,文档，证件,你可以籍此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。,contributor:1.someonewhowritesastory,article,etc.thatisprintedinamagazineornewspaperHeisaregularcontributortochildrensmagazines.2.apersonorthingthatprovidesmoneytohelppayforsth.,orsupportsth.Olderpeopleareimportantcontributorstotheeconomy.Chinahasalsobecomeamajorcontributortointernationalpeace-keepingefforts.3.somethingthathelpstocausesth.OldbusesaremajorcontributorstopollutioninBritishcities.Carbondioxideisthelargestcontributortothegreenhouseeffect.,撰稿人，投稿人,捐款者；捐赠者；作出贡献者,促成物,embracev.1.Ifyouembracesomeone,youputyourarmsaroundthemandholdthemtightly,usuallyinordertoshowyourloveoraffectionforthem.Hethrewhisarmsroundherandtheyembracedpassionately.他伸出手臂搂住她，他们热情相拥。Toembraceherwaslikeembracingajointedwoodenimage.2.Ifyouembraceachange,politicalsystem,oridea,youacceptitandstartsupportingitorbelievinginit.Heembracesthenewinformationage.Thenewruleshavebeenembracedbygovernmentwatchdogorganizations.政府监察机构已经欣然接受了这些新规则。n.Taiwanwillreturntotheembraceofthemotherland;thewholecountrymustbeunited.,Inabusiness,youneedtounderstandtheprocess,butyouendupfallinginlovewiththeanswerandthentakeariskbasedonwhatyouthinkthatanswermeanstoyourbusiness.(Para.9)“fallinginlovewiththeanswer”means“beingmuchinterestedintheanswer”在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。,endup1)tobefinallyinaparticularsituation,state,orplace,afteraseriesofeventse.g.Mostslimmers（减肥者）endupputtingweightbackon.Anyonewhoswimsintherivercouldendupwithanasty（严重的）stomachupset.Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,youllendupinhospital.2)finishe.g.Thepoliticianfinallyendeduphisspeech.,Thescientistwhoistransitioningintothebusinessworldmustprioritizehisorherrelationshipassetsabovetheirtechnicalassets.(Para.11)prioritize(v.):1）.treatsth.asmoreimportantthanotherthingsThegovernmentisprioritizingtheservicesector,ratherthaninvestinginindustryandproduction.政府将优先投资服务行业，而非工业和生产行业。2）.toputthingsinorderofimportancesothatthemostimportantonesaredonefirstWhenyouhavetwentytasksfortheday,allofthemurgent,itsnoteasytoprioritizethem.,优先考虑；给优先权,以优先顺序排列；决定的优先顺序,辨析prior;priority;prioritize1)Hehadshowednosignsofbeinginpain_tosufferingaheartattack.2)Banksusuallygive_tolargebusinesseswhendecidingonloans.3)Thepublicwantstoseethefightagainstcrime（打击犯罪）_.,prior,priority,prioritized,asset:(n.)1)thethingsacompanyowns,thatcanbesoldtopaydebts资产(通常用作复数)e.g.acorporationwith$9billioninassetsthevalueofacompanysassets2)somethingorsomeonethatisusefulbecausetheyhelpyousecceedordealwithproblems有用的物（或人）e.g.Asenseofhumorisagreatassetinthisbusiness.IthinkRachelwouldbeanassettothedepartment.,翻译：想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源,Tosuddenlybevaluedandmeasuredbyyourmasteryofhumanrelationshipscanbeaveryscarypropositionforapersonwhohasbeenvaluedandmeasuredonlybyhismasteryofthings,”saysRick.(Para.11)不定式短语“Tosuddenlybevaluedandmeasuredbyyourmasteryofhumanrelationships”当主语，全句的意思是：Forapersonwhohasbeenestimatedandevaluatedonlybyhisskillfulnessindealingwiththephysicalworld,itisaveryfrighteningprospecttobesuddenlyestimatedandevaluatedbytheskillfulnessinbuildinguphumanrelationships.,proposition(n.):1.task;activityFindingabuyerforthisoldcarisnotaneasyproposition.2.suggestionThepropositionofworkingallnightwasquitedepressing.我想向您提个业务上的建议。Idliketoputabusinesspropositiontoyou.3.statementoranideaThetwoteamspreparedtodebatethegivenproposition.两个队准备就所给定的命题展开辩论。,翻译：对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。,Indeed,thekeyplayersIvemetwhoworkatthebenchinindustryhavesucceededingreatmeasurebecausetheyvebeenabletoworkwithabroadvarietyofpersonalities,upanddowntheorganization.(Para.12)bench:alongheavytableusedforworkingonwithtoolsorequipmentse.g.acarpentersbench木工工作台ingreatmeasure:很大程度上Theirsuccesswasingreatmeasuretheresultofthoroughpreparation.他们的成功大半是由于作了充分的准备。Theycansettlethesportsdisputesswiftlyandprotecttheinterestoftheathletesingreatmeasure.他们能够迅速地解决体育纠纷，最大程度地维护运动员的利益。,personality(n.):1.someonescharacter,especiallythewaytheybehavetowardsotherpeopleHewasanambitiousmanwithstrongpersonality.2.someonewhoisfamousoftenappearsinnewspapers,ontelevisionetc,especiallyanentertainerorsportspersonHeisoneofthemostwell-likedTVpersonalities.3.someonewhohasaverystrongcharacterandisverydifferentfromotherpeoplee.g.Hewasadynamicpersonalityinthebusinessworld.4.thequalitiesofaplaceorthingthatmakeitinterestinganddifferentTheproblemwithmanymodernbuildingsisthattheylackpersonality.,个性；性格,（娱乐界或体育界的）名流，名人，风云人物,个性鲜明的人,特色，特征,辨析personalitypersonpeoplehumanHeisquitea_inthedistrict.Itisahorriblethingtoseeone_makeanothersuffer.Irelandwasinhabitedbytwo_.Helivedforthe_anddiedforthe_.Thatwasthebeginningofthelifeofus_.Whyareyouactinglikea_?,personality,person,peoples,people,people,humans,human,翻译：事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心员工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。,TextExploration,Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P12)1.B2.A3.D4.B5.D6.B7.C8.B9.B10.B,Task1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P.15),1-A2-C3-B4-C5-D6-D7-D8-C9-A10-D11-A12-B,publicc,Detailsofthehighlysensitiveinformationhavenotbeenmade_2.Workingathomerequiresagooddealof_.3.Heneverceasedtobeamazedbyherphysical_.4.Thearticlemadeno_topreviousresearchonthesubject.5.Thegreat_ofourplanliesinitssimplicity.6.Thepalaceanditsgroundsareopentothe_duringthesummermonths.7.Supporters_outsidethecourtroomduringthetrial.,Task2Readthewordsandtheirexplanationsintheboxinpage16.Chooseawordtocompleteeachofthesentencesbelowandexplainitsmeaning.Changetheformifnecessary.,disciplineb,strengtha,referencea,strengthd,publica,demonstratedb,publicc,8.IdidntenjoystudyingPhilosophyIfoundittoomuchofatheoretical_.9.Askyourteachertoactasoneofyour_.10.Hesaidheleftthecompanybecauseofa_clashwiththedirector.11.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof_theirchildren.12.Thestudy_thelinkbetweenpovertyandmalnutrition.13.Thedisclosureoftheinformationwillnotbeacriminaloffenceifitcanbeshownthatitwasinthe_interest.14.Thebookwillbecomeastandardworkof_.15.Itspartlythearchitecturewhichgivesthetownits_.,disciplinec,referencesc,personalitya,discipliningd,demonstratesa,publicd,referenceb,personalityc,Theindependence-versus-interdependenceissuehasbeenwrittenaboutregularlyandisoftenintroducedasthemajorissueseparatingthetwoworldsofscientific1)_:academicandindustrial.Fordecades,academiahas2)_lipservicetotheideaofcollaboration,buttheincentive-and-rewardsystemhasbeenslowto3)_.,employment,paid,adjust,Task3(P17),Despitethewidespreadinterestincollaborationanditsobviousvalueinanacademic4)_,collaborationremainsinformalandisactually5)_bythetenureprocess,inwhichscholarsarepenalizedforsharing6)_fortheirworkwithothers.,setting,discouraged,credit,Large-scaleacademiccollaborationhastakenplacesuccessfullyinthepast;theManhattanProjectandcontemporaneousradarresearch,andnumerousexperimentalparticlephysicsprojects,to7)_justafewexamples,arenotperhapsacademicinthepurestsense,butthey8)_thatacademicscientistscanplaywellwithothers.Morerecently,newsystemsbiologystudiesarebringingasenseof9)_intoacademiclifesciencelabs,buttherehavebeensomegrowingpains.Still,inmostofacademicscienceincludingthelifesciencethelonewolfstill10)_.,teamwork,demonstrate,cite,rules,定语从句在句中充当定语，修饰某一名词或代词。引导定语从句的关联词可以是关系代词（如who,which,that）和关系副词（如when,where,as）。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。,定语从句的翻译:在英译汉中，定语从句的处理办法一般用前置法、后置法、融合法和转换法等。1.前置法把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前，将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。2.后置法有时定语从句可视上下文将其译成独立的句子或与主句并列的分句，放在被修饰词的后面。,定语从句的翻译（1）,1.Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps.我们往往可以从一个人所阅读的书以及所交往的朋友去看他的为人。2.Butifyouputdownabookyoudontlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime.但是如果你把自己觉得没劲的书放下另换别的，直到发现一本你认为有意思的书，然后轻松地读下去，那么几乎可以肯定你会感到很快活的。,定语从句“hereads”，“hekeeps”分别被译成带“的”的短语“所阅读的”，“所交往的”放在中心词前面。,这又是一个定语从句译成带“的”的短语放在中心词前面的例子。,3.TheWesternerwhodevelopedafarm,openedashop,orsetupinbusinessasatrader,couldhopetoprosperonlyashisowncommunityprosperedandhiscommunityranfromtheAtlantictothePacificandfromCanadadowntoMexico.西部人经营农场，开设店铺，从事买卖，只有当他自己的集体兴旺发达，他个人才有指望发家致富而他的集体由大西洋延伸到太平洋，从加拿大直抵墨西哥。4.Hisfamouswill,inwhichheleftmoneytoprovideprizesforoutstandingworkinPhysics,Chemistry,Physiology,Medicine,LiteratureandPeace,isamemorialtohisinterestsandideals.他那著名的遗嘱是对他爱好和理想的纪念，在遗嘱中他遗留下了钱，为在物理学，化学，生理学，医学，文学与和平方面的杰出成就提供奖金。,这个句子的定语从句内容较多，字数较多，放在中心词“西部人”后面，比放在前面更符合汉语的表达习惯。,这里，非限制性定语从句太长，翻译时处理成独立分句的形式放在句末。,5.Peoplearestilltalkingaboutthehistoriceventsofseveralyearsago,whenmantookhisfirstwalkinspace.人们仍然在谈论几年前的历史性事件，那时人类首次进行了太空行走。6.Theyarelookingforacitywherethestandardoflivingishighandthecostoflivingislow.他们要寻找一座城市，在那里生活水准高，但是生活成本低。7.Theyactmostlyonsuggestionsfrompresentmembers,ofwhomfourarewomen.他们大多听从现在成员的建议行事，这些成员中有4人是女性。,非限制性定语从句译成短句放在被修饰词“几年前”后面，译文表达清晰流畅。,这里，where引导的定语从句较长，放在中心词“city”后面，符合汉语表达习惯。,非限制性定语从句处理