定语从句2016高三复习

,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词,代词或句子后,先行词：,引导词：,引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用,定语从句,被定语从句修饰的词或句子,：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,引导词,关系代词,关系副词,在定语从句中作,主语或宾语,主语宾语表语,宾语,主语或宾语,定语,时间,地点,原因,状语状语状语,在从句中作宾语可省去,先行词为,whothatwhomwhichwhose,人物/人人物某人/某物的,WhenWherewhy,考点一.选择引导词考点二.介词+关系代词考点三.只用that的情况：考点四.只用which的情况:考点五.只能用who引导考点六.as引导的定语从句考点七.定语从句和其它句型的转换考点八:定语从句修饰特殊的地点的名词,考点一.选择引导词（关系代词或关系副词），主要看其在从句中所作的成分,Doyouremembertheday_wespentonthefarm?2.Doyouremembertheday_wefirstarrivedhere?3.Theroom_weliveisbig.4.Theroom_wecanseeisbig.5.Isthisthereason_heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessinhiswork.6.Doyouknowthereason_hedidnotcome?,that/which/省去,when=onwhich,where=inwhich,that/which/省去,that,why=forwhich,1.Acompany_profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2014山东卷)A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.whyIborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_myclassmatesrecommendedtome.（2014北京卷）A.whoB.whichC.whenD.Where3.Itwasthemiddleofthenight_myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.（2014江西卷）A.thatB.asC.whichD.when4.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_theycangainexperienceforgrowth.（2014福建卷）A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where,B,B,D,D,考点二.介词+关系代词,先行词为人,介词后面的关系代词用whom;先行词为物,介词后面的关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词+which,1.Thisisthereason_helefthishometown.2.Illneverforgettheday_westayedtogether.3.Thisisthegirl_Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson_IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.Illshowyouastore_youmaybuyallthatyouneed.6.Idontliketheway_youlaughedather.,forwhich,onwhich,fromwhom,towhom,inwhich,inwhich,whom(人）/which(物）whose,inwhich/that/省去,介词的选择看介词与先行词的搭配或者与谓语动词的搭配,*介词+whomwhich,Thewomangeneralstillrememberedthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy.,*介词短语+whichwhom,Thefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.,*不定代词或数词+whichwhom,Therearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.,Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.,*名词+ofwhich,Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.ofwhichthetitleIhaveforgotten.whosetitleIhaveforgotten.,1.Ivereadmanybooks,_IlikeLuXunsbest.2.Ivereadmanybooks,_Ivelearnedalot.,among/ofwhich,fromwhich,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。1.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,_usesitdifferently.（2014天津卷）A.allofwhichB.eachofwhichC.allofthemD.eachofthem2.Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_appearedararerainbowsoon.（2008福建）A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhichInourclassthereare46students,_halfwearglasses.(2012四川卷)A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem4.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without_helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.（2012天津卷）A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which,B,D,C,B,考点三.只用that的情况：,1。先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词或现行词被以上的不定代词修饰,2。先行词既是人又是物。,3。先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。,4。先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,等修饰时,Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.,Hespokeofthethingsandpersonsthathehadseenabroad.,ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.,Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.,Whothathassuchahomedoesntloveit?,5。关系代词在从句中作表语时,Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.,ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.,6。疑问词who，which开头,考点四.只用which的情况:,2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which,Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsveryangry.Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.Doesthatwhichyourmotherboughtyesterdaybelongtoyou?,1.介词后面的关系代词只能用which(先行词为物),3.先行词是that,考点五.只能用who引导Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished.,whoever,考点六.as引导的定语从句,1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethesamepenas/（that）Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.,1.当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,such/soassuch/sothat如此以致于（结果状语从句,从句的句子完整）(1)Lastweekourmathsteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblemasnoneofusworkedout.(2)Itissuchaheavyboxthatnoonecanliftit.3.as引导的定语从句的其它句型：Asweknow,（Asiswell-knowntousall,）morethanseventypercentoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.Hefailedagain,asisoftenthecase.Heagreedtotheplan,ascouldbeexpected.,TheSummerPalaceissuchawonderfulplace_manyforeignerscometovisit_ithasbecomeworld-famous.Weoftengetintosuchsituations_wefeelveryembarrassed.,as,that,where,分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅仅是起到连接的作用，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的不同点：(1)as引导的从句可位于句首，句中或句尾，而which绝对不可以放在句首；(2)as有“正如”之意，常与know,hope,expect,announce,pointout,case等连用。,关系代词as/which代替一句话。1.Bynow,wehaveraised50.000poundsforthepoorchildren,_isquiteunexpected.（2014四川卷）A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it2.lotoflanguagelearning,_hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.（2012安徽）A.asB.itC.whichD.this3.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,_heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.(2012北京)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when4.Theairqualityinthecity,_isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.(2012福建卷)A.thatB.itC.asD.what,考点七.定语从句和其它句型的转换,1.定语从句和分词短语作定语的转换：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.-TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.-Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.,分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,broadcast,waiting,2.定语从句和并列句1.IhaveneverseentheTowerofLondon,whichusedtobeaprison.-IhaveneverseentheTowerofLondon_thereusedtobeaprison.2.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.-Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.3.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses.4.OnMay5wereachedBeijing,_westayedforaweek.(=andthere)5.Inthereadingroomthereisatable,_youcansittheretoread.A.atwhichB.inwhichC.whereD.and6.TomsmotherkepttellingTomnottosmoke,_didnthelp.(=butit),分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键,and,which,whom,where,D,which,3.定语从句和强调句(1)Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.(2)Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.,分析：强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立。(1)Ilivedinthisroomlastyear.(2)Hewenttoschoolatseventhismorning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。,that,where,that,when,4.定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.(3)Theproblem_weshouldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou.(4)Theproblem_heaskedmetosolveishardtosolve.,分析：that引导同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用which替代。That/which引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起修饰限定先行词的作用。,that,that/which,that,that/which,5.定语从句和表语从句,Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich,考点八:定语从句修饰特殊的地点的名词where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：1)IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2)Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.在这两句中，where引导的定语从句分别修饰point和situation,表示抽