重庆市梁平实验中学高中英语《Unit3 Gaining Confidence》Grammar课件 重庆大学版必修2.ppt

grammarrelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns,1.a:whoisthathandsomeboy?b:whichone?a:theoneinblue.b:youmeantheonewho/thatiswearingabluejacket?a:yes.b:oh,heisastudentwhosemotherisaveryfamoussinger,studyingtherule,a:canihelpyou?b:yes,iwanttobuyaruler.a:wehaveplasticandstainlesssteelrulers.whichdoyouprefer?b:ipreferplasticones.a:yes,therulerwhich/thataremadeofplasticareusuallycolorful.hereyouare.b:thankyou.,anadjective(e.g.handsome)goesbefore/afterthenounitrelatesto.aprepositionalphrase(e.g.inblue)goesbefore/afterthenounitrelatesto.therelativeclausesgoesafter/beforethenounitrelatesto.,findingtherule,lookatthefollowingsentencesandtrytofindouthowtouserelativepronounsinrelativeclauses.1.hewho/thatdoesntreachthegreatwallisnotatrueman.2.idontlikethegirlwhom/thatyouaretalkingabout.,3.thisisthehousewhich/thathasjustbeenpainted.4.thecomputerwhich/thatiboughtamonthagobrokedownyesterday.,5.thegirlwhoseenglishisverygoodwonthefirstplaceinthe100-meterrace.6.thisismyschoolwhosebuildingsarebuiltonthetopofahill.,relativepronouns,1.inrelativeclauses,thatandwhichareusedtorefertothings.2.inrelativeclauses,weusewhotorefertopeople.3.whenwhofunctionsastheobject,itcanbereplacedbywhom.,4.wecanleaveoutwho,whom,whichandthatwhentheyaretheobjects.5.weusewhosetomeanpossession.itusuallyrelatestoaperson,butitcanalsorelatetothings.,关系代词与先行词的关系,1.aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,themachine=that,2.theboywhobrokethewindowiscalledtom.,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,theboy=who,theboys/theclubs=whose,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,3.theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.theclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverysaturdayafternoon.,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,arethesesentencesright?themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,tips:当介词前置时，只能用whom指人,which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省略，特别是在口语中。e.g.doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?,isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?theoldmanwhomiamlookingafterisbetter.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,tips:含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。thisisthewatch(which/that)iamlookingfor.thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.,that和which,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything,something,nothing,anything或由few,little,much，all,only,thevery等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。e.g.theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.,2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。e.g.thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。,3.先行词同时指人和物时,用that引导定语从句。e.g.wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.4.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时用that引导定语从句。e.g.whichisthedictionarythatyouwant?,example:einstein/is/germany/thecountry/wasbornin,applyingtherule,readtheexamplesinthetableandunderstandhowtouserelativepronounsinrelativeclauses.,thecountrywhicheinsteinwasborninisgermany.,1.thetheoryofrelativity/theperson/developed/einstein/isthepersonwho/thatdevelopedthetheoryofrelativityiseinstein.einsteinwasthepersonwho/thatdevelopedthetheoryofrelativity.,2.mathsandphysics/thesubject/einstein/studied/werethesubjectsthat/whicheinsteinstudiedweremathsandphysics.mathsandphysicswerethesubjectsthat/whicheinsteinstudied.,3.workedwith/einstein/greatly/thescientists/admiredhimthescientistswhomeinsteinworkedwithadmiredhim.thescientiststhat/whoworkedwitheinsteinadmiredhimgreatly.,4.theaward/was/einstein/thenobelprize/receivedtheawardwhich/thateinsteinreceivedwasthenobelprize.einsteinreceivedtheawardwhich/thatwasthenobelprize.,5.einstein/theequation/was/e=mc2/workedouttheequation(which/that)einsteinworkedoutwase=mc2.einsteinworkedouttheequationwhich/thatwase=mc2.e=mc2wastheequation(which/that)einsteinworkedout.,rewritethefollowingsentencesbyusingrelativeclauses,payingattentiontotheblueparts.,1.david,apoliceman,cametoacabinabouttwomilesupthemountaintogetcalrichards,anarmedanddangerouskiller.,davidwhoisapolicemancametoacabinwhichisabouttwomilesupthemountaintogetcalwhoisanarmedanddangerouskiller.,2.justthenhecaughtsightofaviolinhangingonthewall.3.theoldmanstoodthere,attracted.,theoldmanwhowasattractedstoodthere.,justthenhecaughtsightofaviolinwhichwasbeinghungonthewall.,4.theoldmansat,deepinthought.5.abeardedoldmancameupthestreettowardsthepolicestation.,theoldmanwhowasdeepinthoughtsat.theoldmanwhowassittingwasdeepinthought,anoldmanwhowaswearingabeardcameupthestreettowardthepolicestation.,exercise,1.(09全国1)shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_ihadevermetbefore.,a.themb.whoc.whomd.these,2.(09全国2)myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_wasverykindofhim.a.whichb.thatc.whered.it,3.(北京)-whatdoyouthinkofteaching,bob?-ifinditfunandchallenging.itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.a.whereb.whichc.whend.that,4.(09湖南)iwasborninneworleans,louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.a.whichb.ofwhichc.thatd.whose,5.(09湖南)guncontrolisasubject_americanshavearguedforalongtime.a.ofwhichb.withwhichc.aboutwhichd.intowhich,6.(09重庆)lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.a.whyb.whatc.thatd.where,7.(09山东)wheneverimether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.a.whob.whichc.whend.that,8.(09福建)itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.a.thatb.whenc.whichd.where,9.(09安徽)manychildren,_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.a.theirb.whosec.ofthemd.withwhom,10.(09天津)aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.a.whob.whomc.whosed.whoever,11.(09辽宁)theyvewontheirlastthreematches,_ifindabitsurprisingactually.a.thatb.whenc.whatd.which,12(09浙江)ihavereachedapointinmylife_iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.a.whichb.wherec.howd.why,13.(09四川)shellneverforgetherstaythere_shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.a.thatb.whichc.whered.when,14.(09江西)thehouseigrewup_hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.a.initb.inc.inthatd.inwhich,that,whichorwho?,1.hed