高中英语 Module 3 Unit1 Grammar and usage课件 译林牛津版必修3.ppt

theworldofoursenses,nounclause,grammarandusage,一.相关概念,1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。3.名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。4.名词性从句的种类：根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,1.whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.mrsblackwontbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.3.myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句的种类,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1).thathewillsucceediscertain.2)whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)whathesaidisnottrue.4)wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)whoevercomesiswelcome.6)itscertainthathewillsucceed.,7)howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,8)whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,it的用法：（形式主语）itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚itsaid/reportedthat.据说/据报道itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已经通知/宣布itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧.itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying.（俗话说）,1).whether可以引导主语从句,但if不能.,2).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,注意点,2.用if或whether填空,1.idontknow_illbefreetomorrow.2.idontknow_ornotillbefreetomorrow.3.thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.,whether/if,whether,whether,4.itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._youarenotfreetomorrow,illgowithoutyou.归纳:,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if；b.后面紧跟ornot时,用whether,whether,whether,if,itiswellknown/reported/thought/saidthatitisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtfulthatitisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatitdoesntmatterwhetheritseemsthatithappensthat,2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：that,whether，if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow1).theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2).italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3)heaskedhowmuchipaidfortheviolin.4).hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5).ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:idontknowwhetheriwillstayornot.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeeling.,注意,2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.eg:wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.eg:hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.thatswhyiwaslate.,另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,填空:1.thereason_wedidnttrusthimis_hehasoftenlied2.thereason_hegaveforhisabsentis_hewasill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。itis/wasbecause.itis/waswhy.3.thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4thereasonisbecause/why,that.,4同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)wordcamethatnapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.,3).sydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforlucietomakesureofherhappiness.,1.twothirdsofallgirlsinbritainareonadiet./thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.thequeenofenglandwasonathree-dayvisitinchina./weheardthenewslastnight.,_,thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,weheardthenewslastnightthatthequeenofenglandwasonathree-dayvisitinchina.,4.timetravelispossible./thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./manybritishparentsholdtheview.,_,manybritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,thesuggestionthatchinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,引导名词从句的关联词。,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,idontdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.idontknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.,3个句子中的连词that,whether,if（是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词注意：a.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。b.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if仅可以用于宾语从句。,连接词,考点一:主语从句后置!thatweshallbelateiscertain.-itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-,thatyoumissedthechance.,itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,考点二:虚拟语气subjunctivemood.itshigh/abouttimethatileave.itshigh/abouttimethatileft.itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.itisdemandedthatheleftatonce.,由连词whether和if,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导.也常常后置:whethershecomesornotdoesntconcernme.ifshecomesornotdoesntconcernme.whenandwherewewillgoarestillnotknown.whenandwherewewillgoisstillnotknown.,appositiveclause同位语从句:引导词与前几类nounclauses基本相同.1.theidea_computerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.thepossibility_themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.ihavenoidea_hehasgone.4.theyarethinkingaboutthequestion_theycouldsucceedinthecompetition.5.pleasetellusthetruth_didthatforus.,that,that,where,how,who,ii.choosethebestanswer,1.theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertochina.a.whichb.thatc.whomd.when2.thefact_hedidntseetomyesterdayistrue.a.thatb.whichc.whend.what3.ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.a.whereb.whenc.whatd.that,4.thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.a.thatb.whenc.whatd.how5.oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.a.whatthatb.thatwhichc.thatwhatd.whichthat6.wordhascome_someamericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.a.whatb.whetherc.thatd.which,7.thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.a.ifb.whatc.whetherd.how8.theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.a.whichb.whenc./d.that9.thereason_ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.a.why;whyb.why;becausec.why;thatd.that;because,10._icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.a.what;whyb.which;howc.that;whyd.what;because11._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.a.thatb.whetherc.ifd.evenif,1