M3-U3-Grammar-and-usage-宾语补足语和主谓一致

Unit3,Unit3Backtothepast,Grammarandusage,Didyoufindanythingspecialwhenyouwenttotheclassroom?No,Ididnt.Youfoundthedooropen,didntyou?Oh,yes.ButIfoundnobodyintheclassroom.,Situationone,Objectcomplement,Positionv.+object+objectcomplemente.g.Theinspectorshotthedrug-dealerdead.=Thedrug-dealerwasshotdeadbytheinspector.,Whatdoyouthinkaboutherperformance?Weconsiderthatherperformanceisabigsuccess.=Weconsiderherperformanceabigsuccess.,Situationtwo,Whatdopeoplethinkaboutdogs?Peoplebelievethatdogsarehonest.=Peoplebelievedogstobehonest.Whathappenedtotheman?Themanwaskeptinprison.,UsageAnobjectcomplement,whichgivesinformationabouttheobject,canbeanoun,anounphrase,anadjective,ato-infinitive,abareinfinitive,oraprepositionalphrase.,UsethewordsandphrasesintheboxtocompletethesecondhalfofAnnsdiaryentryfor25July.Eachofthemcanbeusedonlyonce.,afamousexperttobeagreatscholarinthehotelcrazyreallyhotverykindandpatientrecover,Answers:1._2._3._4._5._6._7._,tobeagreatscholar,afamousexpert,verykindandpatient,reallyhot,crazy,inthehotel,recover,动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程或即将发生的主动动作,常分为两种：(1)带to的不定式，常见的带to的不定式作宾补的动词有:advise，cause，allow，ask，invite，teach，tell，want，like，askfor，order，waitfor.,(2)不带to的不定式，常见的不带to的不定式作宾补的动词包括：感官动词see/hear/watch/notice/find/feel使役动词let/make/have等(注：在被动语态中,动词不定式前要加上to),2.v.-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的是一个正在进行的主动动作。常见的可以接v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有两类：(1)感官动词，如：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,lookat,listento.(2)部分使役动词，如：have,keep,get,leave.,3.v.-ed形式作宾语补足语表示一个已经完成或被动的动作。能接v.-ed形式作宾语补足语的动词也分为两类：感官动词和部分使役动词。(1)感官动词，如：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,lookat,listento.(2)部分使役动词，如：have,keep,get,leave.,I.用所给动词的恰当形式填空。1.Itsdifficulttogetacar_(go)onacoldmorning.2.Hisfailingtheexamgothisparents_(worry).3.Ihavehadmybike_(repair),andImgoingtohavemybrother_(repair)myradiotomorrow.,going/togo,worried,repaired,repair,4.Dontleavethewater_(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.5.Homeworkisleft_(undo)anddailygameslost.6.Shewasfound_(lie)atthecorner,dead.7.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimself_(hear).,running,undone,lying,heard,8.Heshouldntbemade_(learn).Healwaysworkshard.9.A:Ioftenhearthissong_(sing),butIhaveneverheardhim_(sing)it.B:Listen!Icanhearhim_(sing)itnow.10.WhenIcamein,Ifoundmanyparents_(seat).,tolearn,sung,sing,singing,seated,11.Icantsleepwellwiththenoise_(go)on.12.Withalotofproblems_(settle),hewillhaveahardtime.13.Withalotofproblems_(settle),henowfeelsrelaxed.14.Withhisfans_(surround)him,hefeltexcited.,surrounding,going,tosettle,settled,II.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,2.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.Sorry.Withsomuchwork_mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.fill,3.Wearetryingourbesttoattractvisitorsandkeepthem_.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest,4.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall,5.IllgotoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything_toyourfather?A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.beingtaken,IhavegotoneticketforthefootballmatchtobeheldinNanjing.Eitheryouoryourdesk-matecanhaveit.,Situation,Eitherorandneithernor,IsitonSaturdayoronSunday?ItisonnextMonday.Oh,whatapity!IamafraidneitherInormydesk-matecanenjoyit.,(1)Eitherorcanbeusedtoexpresstheideaofalternatives.e.g.Youcanchoose_A_B,whichmeansyouhavetwochoices,youcanchooseanyoneofthetwo.你可以从两个选项中选任何一个。,eitheror,SituationWhichlanguagecanIusetowritethespeech?(inEnglish/inChinese)YoucanwritethespeecheitherinEnglishorinChinese.,(2)Neithernorcanbeusedtojointwonegativeideastogether.e.g._A_Bisproperinthisquestion,whichmeansAisnotproper,andBisnotpropereither.这个问题的答案既不是A也不是B。,Neithernor,SituationWhosefaultisit?(notyours/notmine)Itisneitheryourfaultnormine.ItsyourfriendJacksfault.,Readthisconversationbetweentwoofthetourguidesonpage49.Useeitherorandneithernortorewritethepartsinyellow.,Answers:2._3._4._,Onecomplainedthattheroomwasneithercleannorverycomfortable.,DidyounoticethatneitherMarconorPetercametothetalk?,WecaneithergototheEastMountainRestaurantortheWestLakeRestaurant.,在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。,Subject-verbagreement,语法一致原则：即句子主语是单数，谓语动词用_；句子主语是复数，谓语动词就用_；2.意义一致原则：即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义上是_还是_；3.就近一致原则：即谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决于最邻近它的_。,复数,单数,单数意义,复数意义,主语,1.ThepeoplesrepublicofChina_(be)foundedin1949.2.Thefoodtheyofferedontheplane_(be)delicious.,was,was,Fillintheblankswiththerightverbforms.,Note:如果主语是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用_。,单数,3.Twohours_(be)notenoughforsomuchhomework.4.Twentythousanddollars_(be)alargeamountofmoneytome.,is,is,Note:如果主语是一个表示计量、标题或名称的短语，谓语动词用_。,单数,5.Collectingstamps_(be)oneofhisfavouritepastimes.6.Thatitkeepsrainingcatsanddogs_(worry)thetourists.,worries,is,Note:如果主语是个短语或从句，谓语动词要用_。,单数,7.MyfriendandI_(want)toplayoutsideafterwatchingTV.8._(have)yourclassmatesfinishedtheirhomework?,want,Have,Note:如果主语是复数，谓语动词用_。,复数,9.Allofus_(attend)thelectureaboutPompeii.10.Mostofthelecture_(be)abouthowtheancientcitywasdiscovered.11.Ispentonly30yuanbuyingbooksandtherestofmoney_(be)spentonmyfood.,haveattended,was,was,Note:如果主语是由allof/mostof/someof/halfof/apartof+noun/pronoun构成时，谓语动词单复数要与这个_保持一致。,名词或代词,13.Hisfamily_(be)tomovetothecountrysidenextmonth.14.Hisfamily_all(be)fondofpopularmusic.15.Ourschool_(be)akeyschoolinJiangsuProvince.16.Ourschool_doing(do)morningexercisesnowontheplayground.,is,are,is,are,Note:当主语是集体名词时，如crowd/class/dozen/family/publicandteam,若作为整体来讲，谓语动词要用_；若作为具体的每个成员讲，谓语动词用_。,单数,复数,17.Theremainsoftheoldcastle_(be)destroyedinWorldWar.18.Thenews_(be)toogoodtobetrue.,were,Note:主语是news/physics/mathematics等词时，谓语动词用_；主语是glasses/clothes/congratulations/remains等词时，谓语动词用_。,is,单数,复数,19.Eithertheteamleaderortheguides_(be)lookingafterthestudents.20.Neithernoodlesnorrice_(be)delicioustoday.21.Eitheryouortheheadmaster_(be)tohandoutprizestothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.,are,is,was,22.NotonlyyoubutalsoI_(be)puzzledatherworriedlook.Note:neithernor/eitheror/notonlybutalso/notbutare遵循_。,am,就近原则,LookatonemoreofAnnsdiaryentriesonPage51.Circlethecorrectwords.Answers:1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._,was,was,were,were,was,was,was,were,wasnt,is,Readtheletteronpage51.Puttheverbsintotheircorrectforms.Answers:1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._,is,is,have,have,are,have,explore,matters,have,are,1.Eachofyou_responsiblefortheaccident.a.amb.bec.isd.are2.Eachmanandwoman_thesamerights.a.hasb.havec.hadd.ishaving,3.Everymeans_triedbutwithoutmuchresult.a.hasbeenb.havebeenc.ared.is4.There_inthisroom.a.aretoomuchfurnitureb.istoomanyfurnituresc.aretoomuchfurnituresd.istoomuchfurniture,5.Themanagerorhisassistant_planningtogo.a.wereb.arec.wasd.be6.NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris_fondofplayingbasketball.a.amb.isc.ared.was7.NeitherTomnorh