高中英语 Unit2 第四学时Grammar同步教学课件 新人教版选修7.ppt

第四学时grammar,被动语态一、语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词来表示被动，而英语用助动词“be及物动词的过去分词”构成被动语态。,二、被动语态常用的八种时态1一般现在时theschooldoesntallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2一般过去时theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.3一般将来时theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.carswillbesentabroadbysea.,4过去将来时themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.5现在进行时theradioisbroadcastingenglishlessons.englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.6过去进行时theydidntdrivethereontimebecausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.theydidntdrivethereontimebecausetheroadwasbeingmended.,7现在完成时someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.8过去完成时whenigottothetheatre，ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.whenigottothetheatre，ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.9含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.,三、被动语态的使用1当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。mr.white，thecupwithmixturewasbroken.(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出是谁弄坏的。)2突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。theserecordsweremadebyjohndenver.thecupwasbrokenbypaul.3当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用“in名词”作状语，而代替by短语。thesecarsweremadeinchina.15,000carsareproducedeachyearinthisfactory.,四、主动表被动的几种情况1有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。如：theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。,对比以下句子：thebookssellwell.这些书畅销。(主动句)thebooksweresoldout.书已卖完了。(被动句)themeatdidntcookwell.这肉煮不熟。(主动句)themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.这肉已用文火烧了好长时间了。(被动句)2感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等。doyoulikethematerial?yes，itfeelsverysoft.误：itisfeltverysoft.,thefoodtastesdelicious.误：thefoodistasteddelicious.thepopmusicsoundswonderful.误：thepopmusicissoundedwonderful.3在句型sth.beadj.todo中thetextishardtounderstand.theboxisheavytocarry.4在句型beworthdoing中thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.,一、单项填空1hewillstopshowingoff，ifnonotice_ofhim.aistakenbwillbetakenctakesdhastaken,a,c,2whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.a.breaksb.hasbrokenc.wasbrokend.hadbeenbroken,3ivefinallyfinishedmypaperandit_meanentiremonth.()atakesbtookcwastakendhadtaken,b,c,4doyoulikethematerial?yes,itverysoft.a.isfeelingb.feltc.feelsd.isfelt,5.iknowmr.brown；we_toeachotherataninternationalconference.()aareintroducedbhavebeenintroducedcwereintroduceddhadbeenintroduced,c,6.（2012年北京卷）ourfriendshipquicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.a.haddevelopedb.wasdevelopingc.woulddevelopd.developed,d,二、翻译下列句子1世界各地的人都讲英语，中国学生把英语作为第二外语进行学习。_22011年6月20日，我的家乡受到一场暴风雨的袭击，损失惨重。_,1.englishisspokenallovertheworldanditisbeinglearnedbythechinesestudentsasasecondlanguage.2onjune20,2011，myhometownwashitbyastormwhichcausedgreatloss.,3学生会将于明天下午3：30在学校操场举行一次辩论赛。_4正在讨论的是有关如何帮助洪灾地区群众重建家园的问题。_5据说他的唱片在英国很受青少年的欢迎。_,3adebatecompetitionwillbeheldbythestudentsunionontheplaygroundat3：30pm.tomorrow.4theproblembeingdiscussedisabouthowtohelpthepeopleinthefloodedareatorebuildtheirhomes.5itissaidthathisrecordsarequitepopularwithteenagersinbritain.,三、语法填空iamarobotcat.oneday，myownerpetergotuplateandbegantohavehisbreakfast.i_1_(take)tothetableand_2_(make)tositonthetable.peterissuchamessyboythati_3_(get)bitsoffoodalloverme.petermust_4_(wake)upinabadmoodbecausewhenhe_5_(ask)togetdressed，heshoutedathismotherandthenhitme.i_6_(be)veryangryandhissedathim.i_7_(hit)bypeteragainandagain.luckilyhewenttoschoolandi_8_(leave)athomeb