Mayan-玛雅文明精讲PPT课件

-,1,MAYANCIVILIZATION,玛雅文明,Presentby:吴泽敏史晓桐刘敏怡胡佳昕,-,2,Somefilmsandtelevisionworks,-,3,ORIGIN,玛雅起源,-,4,TheMayacivilizationisaMesoamerican（中美洲），notedfortheonlyknownfullydevelopedwrittenlanguageofthepre-ColumbianAmericasaswellasitsart，architecture,mathematicalandastronomicalsystems.,MayaHistory,-,5,Initiallyestablishedduringthepreclassicperiodmanyofthesereachedtheirapogee（顶点）ofdevelopmentduringtheclassicperiod，andcontinuedthroughoutthepostclassicperioduntilthearrivaloftheSpainish.Atitspeak，itwasoneofthemostdensely(密集地)populateddynamicsocietiesintheworld.,MayaHistory,-,6,origin,玛雅起源,BriefIntroductionGeographicalExtentWestbordersPacificOceanfertileplainYucatanPeninsulaCenotes(excavatedcaverns)forwaterineast,-,7,RELIGION,玛雅宗教,啊,-,8,religion,玛雅宗教,啊,Religioninterwindsculturelife.宗教与文化生活息息相关。Thecapitalofacity-stateisalsothecenterofreligions.城邦的首都同样也是宗教的中心。Mayanhavegreatfaithinreligion.玛雅人对宗教的信仰坚定不移。Theyworshiphelios,raingod,godofdeath,godofgrain,Mars,godofcornetc.他们崇拜太阳神、雨神、五谷神、死神、战神、玉米神等。,-,9,MYSTERYRELIC,玛雅神秘文物,-,10,Mysteryrelic,玛雅神秘文物,Crystal,skull,-,11,Deathmask,Mysteryrelic,玛雅神秘文物,-,12,CHARACTERANDNUMBER,玛雅文字数字,-,13,character,玛雅文字,啊,MayanglyphsFirstappearedCa.theChristianera800hieroglyphstranslatedMainlyrepresentdays,months,numbers,directions,colorsanddeities.Mostofthemrecordedonstonetablet石碑,plank木板,potteryandbooks。,-,14,character,玛雅文字,啊,Asetofsyllabicglyphs,eachchractercontainsfoursyllabaries.somewhatsimilarinfunctiontomodernJapanesewriting.,-,15,Math,玛雅数学,Mathbasedonmultiplesof200,1,25,610,1115,16,-,16,CALENDAR,玛雅历法,啊,-,17,calendar,玛雅历法,啊,ComplexcalendarsystemtheTzolkin卓金历260daysacycle太阴历6monthsacyclethelunarcalendar阴月历29or30daysacyclethesolarcalendar太阳历365daysacycle,-,18,calendar,玛雅历法,啊,Amazing!地球年Now365.2422days，Mayan365.2420days。金星年ThetimethatVenusturnaroundatthesun.Now584daysMayan583.92days,-,19,calendar,玛雅历法,啊,PrimarylifeButAccuratemath,astronomy,calendarMystery,-,20,meaning,玛雅研究启示,8世纪末-9世纪末玛雅文明毁灭：Mayacivilizationinthatregionhadcollapsed,theClassiccitiesinthesouthernlowlandswereabandoned原因不得而知,众人观点：exhausttheenvironmentaroundthemthatitcouldnolongersustainaverylargepopulation.,constantwarfareamongcompetingcity-statesledthecomplicatedmilitary,familyandtradealliancesbetweenthemtobreakdown,alongwiththetraditionalsystemofdynasticpower.,Asthestatureoftheholylordsdiminished,theircomplextraditionsofritualsandceremoniesdissolvedintochaos.Finally,somecatastrophicenvironmentalchangelikeanextremelylong,intenseperiodofdroughtmayhavewipedouttheClassicMayacivilization.,-,21,meaning,玛雅研究启示,overpopulation,overuseoftheland,endemicwarfareanddrought,SowhatlessonscanwedrawfromtheMayancivilizationcollapse?harmonybetweencountries.