初中英语语法-被动语态讲解与练习ppt课件

.,中考语法精讲被动语态,.,1.被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done),2.英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。一.主动语态表示:主语是动作的执行者.二.被动语态表示:主语是动作的承受者,.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（主语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语）（宾语）,说明：（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。,.,各种时态的被动语态构成,1.一般现在时：2.一般过去时：3.情态动词：4.一般将来时：5.现在进行时：6.现在完成时：7.过去进行时：,主语+am/is/are+过去分词主语+was/were+过去分词主语+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词主语+will+be+过去分词主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词.主语+have/has+been+过去分词S+was/were+being+过去分词,.,过去分词的用法也有两个特点：一是表示完成.二是表示被动.规则动词的过去分词在动词原形后加“”构成,三.过去分词只强调被动意思，表明动作已经完成.,.,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,.,1.一般现在时am/is/are+done,1.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.,.,Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,arewashed,by,hisbrother,everyday.,.,Heplantstreesinspring.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Trees,areplanted,by,him,改为被动语态,inspring.,.,TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.,FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.,ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.,Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.,ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.,.,2.一般过去时was/were+done,Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.,Hemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.,.,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,.,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.,Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.,Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.,.,3.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone,1.Theywillplanttreestomorrow.一.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow2.Heisgoingtowritealettertohismother.二.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.,.,Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Theroom,willbecleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,.,Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.,Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.,Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,.,4.现在完成时has/have+beendone,Jimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.,.,6.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,.,5.现在进行时：Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,.,7Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight,Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词,.,5.含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/should+bedone,Icanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.,.,3AmycantakegoodcareofGina,GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,.,1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.,Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.,ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.,Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.,Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.,.,1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。,这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.,2.没有必要指出动作的执行者,每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.,何时使用被动语态呢？,.,3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.,4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。,许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.,.,.,1.主动结构表被动意义,open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。,Thiskindofshirtsellswell.,补充说明,.,2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.,3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.,.,4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。,.,Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.,Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Kniveswereusedbypeopleforcuttingthings.Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow.,课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.,Treesareplanted,Theletterwasposted,Iwasgiven,Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin,Aletterisgoingtobewritten,.,7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook._toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesntlethersonswimintheriver._intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear._thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_byher?,Thenewbookhasbeengiven,Shecannotfind,Issheoftenheardtosing,Hersonisntlettoswim,Theywerebuilding,Isthesongoftensung,.,各种句型的被动形式,肯定句主语+be+过去分词+（by）否定句主语+benot+过去分词+（by）一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by)?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）？,注意：这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。,重点内容,.,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_used_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,EXERCISES,are,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,.,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,.,各种时态的被动结构练习,1、TheChinesefood_tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered2、John_,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Rooms_.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted,一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词,现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词,过去时态：was/were+过去分词,.,4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he_on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool_whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe_tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited,过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词,一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词,过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词,.,7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Heca