商务英语完整中级ppt课件

新编剑桥商务英语(中级),SuccesswithBEC(Vantage),新编剑桥商务英语(中级),剑桥商务英语证书考试BEC,SuccesswithBEC(Vantage),商务英语课程介绍-子曰：工欲善其事，必先利其器。,ObjectivesTohelpstudentstobefamiliarizedwiththebusinessEnglishvocabulary/situations/contexts/skills/formats,/communicationstrategiesintheworkplaceToenhancetheirreadinessfortheworldofworkandtohelpthemtotakemaximumadvantageoftheirhighereducationtoachievecareerandpersonaldevelopmentTohelppreparefortheBECexams,子曰:“工欲善其事,必先利其器.,Toofferopportunitytodevelopstudentsall-rounddevelopedcapabilitiesasoutlinedbelow:,personalcapabilities:bereadytoacceptresponsibilityfortheirownlifelongdevelopmentandrealizablecareerpossessthelearningandcommunicationskillsinterpersonalcapabilities:shareideas,opinionsandexperienceswithothers,workinateam,useoralandwrittenmethodstocommunicateeffectivelyintheworkplace,Toofferopportunitytodevelopstudentsall-rounddevelopedcapabilitiesasoutlinedbelow:,vocationalcapabilities:dealwithrelationship,handlematters,solveproblems,fulfiltasks,respondtochallenges,blemsolvingcapabilities:applytheirtransferableskillstotheexecutionofindividualandgroupprojects,demonstratecreativity,flexibility,perception,decisiveness,confidenceandanawarenessofvalues,COURSECONTENTS,12Modules1.BusinessTopic2.BusinessSkills3.ExamSpotlight(Waysofworking;Companybenefits;Startingabusiness;Advertising;theworkplace;Recruitment;Sales;Training;Branding;Management;Ethicaleconomics;Businesslaw),Startingabusiness,BasicRequirements,FourAs:AttendanceAttentionActivitiesAssignments,Evaluation,Attendance(20%)Attention(10%)Activities(10%)Assignments(20%)Test(40%),什么是BEC?,BEC考试是为英语学习者提供的国际商务语言资格证书考试。它注重考查考生在实际工作环境中用英语解决问题的能力。BEC考试适用于不同职业背景的考生，并对考生的学习深造以及求职应聘具有实用价值。,剑桥商务英语证书考试BEC,BEC证书得到全球认可，它也是出国留学和进入外企的“通行证”。BEC初、中、高级可替代雅思(IELTS)Band3、5、7，是全球160多所大学入学语言能力的证明；国外众多大学认可其高级C以上考试成绩，可免修该校MBA相应课程.,剑桥商务英语证书考试BEC,由于颁证机构的权威性，在英国、英联邦各国及欧洲大多数国家的商业企业部门获得认可，并得到国内数百家外资企业认可，有“外企绿卡”之美誉；此外，取得BEC初级证书可免修高教自考中英合作商务管理金融管理专科段商务英语课程。,BEC、CET、PETS的区别,BEC（英国剑桥商务英语证书考试）：目前国际最受推崇的商务英语语言能力考试，考试侧重听说读写四项基本技能，全球认可，中国国家教育部引进并推荐；CET（大学英语四六级考试）：主要针对在校生的英语水平测试，分四级和六级，国家教育部高教司大学英语考试指导委员回主办；PETS（全国英语等级考试）：主要针对非在校生的英语水平测试，分1-5级，国家教育部主办。,等级划分：,BEC共分三个等级：BEC初级(BECPreliminaryLevel，缩略为BECPre.)，BEC中级(BECVantageLevel，缩略为BECVan.)，BEC高级(BECHigherLevel，缩略为BECHi.)。考生可根据自己的英语水平自由选择相应级别报考。,两个阶段：第一阶段为笔试:包括阅读、写作和听力，第二阶段为口试,经教育部考试中心与英国剑桥大学考试委员会外语部协商，2011年BEC纸笔考试安排如下：,报名时间、考试时间及费用,报名无开始时间,即任何时间都可以报名。有截止时间：上半年报名截止时间为三月十日；下半年报名截止时间为九月十五日。报名截止时间每年会有几日的变化，以考点公布的为准。每年五月的周六和每年十一月周六，上午笔试,下午口试,口试进度慢的,延至第二日上午。顺序是初级、高级、中级。每次报名收费(含口试费)如下：BEC1约18美元，BEC2约475元人民币（22美元），BEC3约530元人民币（33美元）。,剑桥商务英语(BEC)考试上海市报名地点,1.上海外国语大学英语系电话(021)65311900-2326.上海市大连西路550号3号楼，邮编200083.2.华东师范大学国外考试中心电话(021)62545332，62233151.上海市中山北路3663号文科大楼531室，邮编200062.3.东华大学外语学院电话(021)62373446.上海市延安西路1882号外语楼，邮编200051.4.上海大学外语学院成教部电话(021)64385096.上海市蒲西路150号，邮编200030.,剑桥商务英语(BEC)考试上海市报名地点,5.立信会计高等专科学校培训中心电话(021)64390402.上海市中山西路2230号综合楼，邮编200233.6.上海市振华外经职业技术学校电话(021)68753499，上海市浦东商城路1088号，邮编200120.7.上海海运学院外语系电话(021)58855200-2700，上海市浦东大道1550号，邮编200135.8.上海市对外服务有限公司培训中心电话(021)63844070，上海市金陵西路28号，金陵大厦1906室，邮编200021.9.上海财经大学BEC考点上海市武东路51号西教学楼506室021-55660013200433,BEC-VWriting,WRITING,PartOne第一部分是非正式文体写作，要求考生利用给出提示，写一篇简短的公司内部通信，即与公司内部的同事进行与商务有关事宜的沟通，其文体可能是便条、留言、备忘录、电邮、传真等。字数：4050词,MEMO,Definition:ashortofficialnottoanotherpersoninthesamecompanyororganization.MEMOisshortformemorandum.BEC中级写作中，MEMO主要针对公司内部交流、告知或提醒公司内部员工有关商务或公司内部活动的事宜，用于联系工作、交流信息，是处理一般公务时常用的一种简便函件。,Email,Definition:amessagethatissentfromonepersontoanotherusingthecomputersystemFormat:To:From:CC:Attached:Subject:,FormatofE-mail,Thedateandtimeisautomaticallyinsertedbyyourcomputersomakesureyoukeepyourcomputersinternalclockaccurate.Keyinthee-mailaddressesexactly.Correctlyaddressedemailaredeliveredwithinseconds.Itcantakedaystoreceiveanerrormessagelettingyouknowthatanincorrectlyaddressedmessagedidnotgetdelivered.Alwayswriteasubjectheading.Thiswillgivetherecipientagoodideaofthecontentsofthemessageandmakesforeasierhandling.Formalityarenotnecessaryine-mails.ReplaceformalsalutationslikeDearDavidwithinformalHelloDavidorevenjustDavid.Yourssincerelyisnotneededinemails,perhapsjustBestwishesorAllthebestExpressyourself.Emoticonscanbeusedtoshowmoodinyouremailmessages.,:-)happy;-)wink;-(sad:-Iindifference:-/perplexed:-Dshockorsurprise,BasicRulesofE-mail,Checkyoursyntax.Makeanefforttokeepsentencesshortandsimple,andcheckyoursyntax.Themoreprideyoutakeinyourmessagecomposition,themoresuccessfulyouwillbeinbeingunderstoodandachievingthedesiredresults.Keepcopies.Justasyouwouldkeepcopiesofletters,itisgoodpracticetotakeaprintoutofemailmessagessentandreceiving.Checkyourmessage.Assoonasyouhitthesendsymbol,yourmessagemaybereceivedinseconds.Nocallingitbackforsecondthoughts.Socheckitandgetitrightfirsttime.,PARTII题型介绍,PartTwo要求考生写一篇120140词的商务信函、报告或提案题目中有相应的文字对考生提具体要求，并有以图标或表格等形式出现的带“手写笔记”的材料要求考生重组信息，运用自己掌握的词汇和句子结构将其表达出来,写作技巧,如何将信息分类重组，并条理清楚的表达出来就成了考生要解决的主要问题。ObservationTrusteachother;Listentodifferentpointsofview;Talkopenlyandhonestlywitheachother;Offerhelpwhenothersareunderpressure;,Whatdoyouthinkaretheadvantagesofworkinginateamofcolleagues?Why?(Isitagoodthingtoworkorstudywithotherpeople?Why/whynot?)Advantages:Worktowardsacommonobjective;Everyonemakesanequalcontributiontotheteam;Themembersshareinformationeffectivelywithintheteam.Teammemberstakeonresponsibilityandbeaccountablewhenthingsgowrong;,Whatsortofskillsdoyouthinkamanagerneeds?Why?(Whatkindofpersonisagoodmanager?Why?)Skills:Beabletodiscussrolesandallocatethemtoteammembers;Beabletohelpindividualsdevelopwithintheteam;Beabletolistentodifferentpointsofview;,Whichspecificskillswillyouneedmostinyourcareer?Why?(Whichskillsaremostimportantforyourcareer?Why?),Whatqualitiesdoesagoodemployeeneedtohave?Why?(Whatshouldagoodemployeebelike?Why?),CommunicationWhichmethodofcommunicationdoyoulikebest-letters,phonecallsore-mail?Why?(Doyoulikecommunicatingwithotherpeoplebyletter,phoneore-mail?Why?),Iliketousee-mailtocommunicatewithpeopleinmyworkandstudy.E-mailcanbeusednotonlytoexchangemessagesamongco-workersandcustomersbutalsoprovideinformationautomatically.Youcanalsosetupanautoresponderservicethatautomaticallyreceivesamessageandsendsadocumentinreply.Replyingautomaticallytoe-mailisagreatwaytosavetimeandmoneyanditismuchfasterthancommunicatingthroughsnailmail.,Doyouthinkmethodsofcommunicationatworkwillchangeinthefuture?Why?(Doyouthinkpeoplewillcommunicateindifferentwaysatworkinthefuture?Why?Whynot?),Ofcoursetheywillchangeinthefuture.Theemergenceofmanynewtechnologieswilldefinitelycreatefasterandmoreconvenientcommunicationmethods.Forexample,theInternetwillbecomeanevenbiggerdealinthefuturethanitistoday.Schoolchildrenwillaccessallthegreatworksofliteratureeverwrittenwiththeclickofamouse.Surgerywillbeperformedviacyberspace.Alltransactionswiththegovernmentwillbeconductedviayourpersonalcomputer,makingbureaucraticlineupsathingofthepast.,Doyouthinkcompaniesshouldbeabletocontacttheirstaffoutsideworkinghours?Whyorwhynot?(Isitagoodideaforcompaniestobeabletocontacttheirstaffoutsideworkinghours?Why/whynot?),advantages,Maintainingcontactwithemployeesoutsideworkinghourscanmakeyouremployeesfeelvaluedandcanhelpdevelopacloserelationbetweenemployeesandemployer.Itisagoodstaffmotivationmethod.Manycompaniesofferflexibleworkinghourstotheiremployees,whichmeanssomeemployeescanworkfromhomeandsomeemployeesdontoftenappearattheirworkplace.Undersuchcircumstancesbeingabletocontacttheirstaffoutsideworkinghourswillbecomeextremelyimportanttocompanies.,disadvantages,Interruptingemployeesprivatelives;makingthemfeelunderpressureallthetime;producingmisunderstandingbetweenemployeesandemployer;,BEC听力考试分为三个部分：Part1（Questions1-12）,第一部分大多情况下是电话对话。答题纸上分为3个部分，以表格、发票、日程安排、留言条等形式出现，每部分有4个空格，要求考生听录音填空（听两遍）。考生拿到试卷后应抓紧时间将题目看一遍，根据文字信息，揣测填充题中可能要填什么词。一般来说，这部分要填的内容是：公司名称、人名、号码（电话号码、定单号码等）、日期等，这一题主要是考考生的辨别词汇的能力。在听第一遍时，考生要尽可能的记下有关的名称、地点、号码等内容，听第二遍时检查所填内容，填上漏掉的内容。该部分的电话对话内容一般是：客户抱怨、道歉、询价、订座、订货、安排、计划等。,Part2（Questions13-22）,该部分分为两个部分，一般为两段独白。考生必须抓紧时间弄懂供选择的单词的意思。这些单词一般是有关职业、身份的，如：hotelmanager，salesman，technician，travelagent，engineer，cook，touristguide，moneychanger等；另外，这部分单词也可以表示功能、行为等，如：refusing，agreeing，makingexcuses，boringwork，anuncomfortableoffice，lowpay，toorderameal，tobookaroom等，所以，考生在听录音前，先快速阅读供选择的单词的意思，然后，在听录音时要特别抓住keywords，辩明独白所要表白的主要意思，再做出选择。需要当心的是：有些单词听上去似乎是答案，但别忙着确定，一定要等听完该段独白的全部录音才能最后定答案。,Part3（Questions23-30）,该部分通常是两个人或更多人之间的对话，如：开会讨论、面试、一般业务会谈等；另外也可能不是对话，而是独白，如：业务报告、产品演示会的讲话，工作汇报等。考生做这一题时首先仍然是先快速阅读选择题，从而了解录音中对话或独白的背景、大意，以便听录音时有一个大致的方向。考生听录音时要认真将主要内容抓住，决不能因为某一个问题没听懂就停下来，听录音的过程中可以针对每一个问题做些快速记录，记下录音中人的身份、讨论的问题，以及不同的观点；如果是独白，对独白的主题，涉及到的人或物等则要尽可能弄清楚。,2.1Companybenefits,施乐公司:ChesterF.Carlson(切斯特卡尔逊)一个专利事务律师和业余发明家，于1938年10月22日，在纽约市的阿斯多利亚(Astoria,Queens,NewYorkCity)的简易实验室中，首次成功地制作出了第一个静电复印图像。哈罗依德公司后来获得了卡尔逊这项发明的全部专利权。创造出了另一个单词“Xerox”(施乐)作为新的复印机的商标。1948年同时推向了市场。,Unit2Companybenefits,incentiven.刺激,鼓励,动机adj.刺激的,鼓励的,isanyfactor(financialornon-financial)thatenablesormotivatesaparticularcourseofaction,orcountsasareasonforpreferringonechoicetothealternatives.,takewithapinchofsalt对将信将疑takewithagrainofsalt,Itookhisexplanationwithapinchofsalt;Iknewhewasnotaparticularlyhonestman.（我听了他的解释，将信将疑；我知道他这个人不大老实。）,humanresourcesdirector人力资源部经理incumbentprogramme在职员工培训课程，岗位培训课程incumbentadj.负有义务的,凭依的n.在职者,headoffice总部Brainstormn.自由讨论，头脑风暴encompassvt.包括，包含researchanddevelopmentandmanufacturing研发和生产Longhaul长途运输费力长期的工作,2.2Presentingyourcompany,A.Distributioncentre陪送中心B.warehouse仓库C.holdingcompany控股公司D.callcentre呼叫中心E.plant工厂,PlacewheregoodsaresentouttobesoldPlacewheregoodsarestoredCompanywhichcontrolsotherswiththelargeststake(over51%)PlacewhereemployeesgiveinformationtocustomersbytelephoneFactorywithindustrialmachinery,2.2Presentingyourcompany,A.headquarters总部B.subsidiary子公司C.branch分公司D.corporation公司，法人E.division部门分支,TheheadofficeofacompanyCompanyownedbyaholdingcompanyOfficeorgroupthatformspartofalargercompanyAnorganizationformedbyagroupofcompaniesAseparatepartofalargecompany,turnovern.营业额，销售量revenuen.收入，收益,Servicesorgoodssoldbyacompanyduringaparticularperiodoftimerevenueisincomethatacompanyreceivesfromitsnormalbusinessactivities,usuallyfromthesaleofgoodsandservicestocustomers.Inmanycountries,suchastheUnitedKingdom,revenueisreferredtoasturnover.,CompanyProfile,ZoosBankisMongoliassixthlargestprivatelyownedbank.1SinceitwasfoundedonMay1999,ZoosBankhasbeenprovidingcommercialbankingservicesandrecentlyappointedanAmericannationalasitsCEOINJuly,2009.Mr.BenjaminTurnbullwhoiswellexperiencedinMongolianbankingwasappointedbyTheGoverningBoardofthebankandEuropeanBankforReconstructionandDevelopment(EBRD)whichappearstobethemajorstakeholderofthebankowning25percentplusoneshare.Accordingtothelatestsources,ZoosBankhasloanedMNT60billiontoMongolGazarHoldingswhichlatercausedfinancialdifficulties.2TheGovernorofMongolBank(CentralBank),Mr.PurevdorjhasannouncedtheGovernmentsdecisiontotakeoverZoosBankafterreceivingitsrequesttomergewiththeSavingsBankofMongolia.,CompanyProfile,Wal-MartStores,Inc.operatesretailstoresinvariousformatsworldwide.ThecompanyisWal-martU.S.segmentoffersmeat,produce,deli,bakery,dairy,frozenfoods,floral,anddrygrocery;healthandbeautyaids,householdchemicals,papergoods,andpetsupplies;electronics,toys,camerasandsupplies,photoprocessingservices,cellularphones,cellularserviceplancontracts,andprepaidservice;fabricsandcrafts,stationeryandbooks,automotiveaccessories,hardwareandpaint,horticultureandaccessories,sportinggoods,outdoorentertaining,andseasonalmerchandise;apparel,shoes,andjewelry;pharmacyandopticalservices;andhomefurnishings,housewares,andsmallappliancesthroughdiscountstores,supercenters,andneighborhoodmarkets,.,ItsInternationalsegmentincludesvariousformatsofretailstoresandrestaurants,includingsupermarkets,combinationdiscountandgrocerystores,supercenters,SamsClubs,hypermarkets,cash-n-carrystores,departmentstores,andgeneralmerchandisestores.ThecompanysSamsClubsegmentoffersmerchandise,includinghardgoods,softgoods,andselectedprivate-labelitemsundertheMEMBERSMARK,BAKERS43unitsinArgentina,434inBrazil,317inCanada,252inChile,170inCostaRica,77inElSalvador,164inGuatemala,53inHonduras,1inIndia,371inJapan,1,469inMexico,55inNicaragua,56inPuertoRico,and371intheUnitedKingdom,aswellas279storesinthePeoplesRepublicofChina.Thecompanywasfoundedin1945andisbasedinBentonville,Arkansas.,Additionalmaterial(videosfromWorkinginEnglish),HeadquarteredHasitsheadquartersEntryleveladj.入门水平的,基础水平的Openingpricepoint（开盘点），最低零售价,Qualitycontrol质量管理,质量控制Tosource=manufacturebrandn.商标,牌子Globalperspective全球视角Initiallyadv.最初,开头,Classy-looking上等的/第一流的外观Innovationn.创新,革新Performancen.表演,性能,本事Performance-focused注重性能,BMXBikesarebicyclesdesignedspeciallyforracingonhillyandsandytracks.Apartfromracingonundulating（adj.波状的）terrains,bikersalsoperformtricksonflatgrounds,trailsandwoodenramps（n.坡道）,Page23Exercise7,Sample:To:AllStaffFrom:_Date:15thMarchSubject:PresentationofnewinsurancepolicyToofferstaffabetterhealthinsurancescheme,wearenowworkingwithanewinsurancecompany.Pleasenotethereforethatarepresentativefromthiscompanywillpresentthenewstaffpolicyon25theMarchat2pmintheconferenceroom.Allstaffarewelcometoattend.,Page25,WritingTest:partone,Sample:To:AssistantseminarorganizersFrom:_Date:15thMarchSubject:ConfirmationofseminardetailsPleasenotethatIhavebookedRooms101and102fortheseminarnextweek.Idbegratefulifyouwouldnowconfirmthisbookingandthefinalschedulefortheeventwithsecurity.AlsonotethatMrSinghwillbeonehourlateontheMondaymorning.,typeofbusinessorganization,solotrader独立法人，独立经销店partnershipn.合伙经营,meansthatyouownthebusiness,andanyprofitsfromthebusinessbelongstoyou.youandanotherpartnerownsthebusiness.(itmaynotnecessarilybe50%each,itdependsontheagreementofeachpartner),franchisen.连锁店，特许经销权，特许经营limitedcompanies有限责任公司,Getalicenceunderthenameofthefranchisorandyoubenefitfromthefranchisorsexpertisecompaniesthatcanoffersharestoraisecapital,Advantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferenttypesofbusinessorganizations,entrepreneur.ntrprn:n.企业家,承包商,主办者entrepreneurial.ntrprnjuriladj.企业家的,企业性质的entrepreneurialspirit企业家精神，进取精神,voilaint.（法）那就是，瞧（表示事情成功或满意之感叹词）Mixtheingredient,chill,andvoilaalight,tastydessert.把材料拌在一起，冰凉，瞧！那就是一道清淡可口的甜点。,franchisen.连锁店，特许经销权，特许经营franchisorn.授予特许者franchiseen.(公司的分店，零售店或联号商店的)特许经营者，加盟者,ludicrousadj.荒谬的，可笑的Theludicrousperformanceoftheclownfascinatedthechildren.小丑那滑稽的表演吸引着孩子。,profitmarginn.利润率，利润幅度，利差areasonable/grossprofitmarginonallsalesbranchout使分支出来，拓展业务,BritishFranchiseAssociation英国特许经营联合会（一家非盈利性组织，旨在宣传职业道德、促进公平合理的特许加盟活动DominoPizza达美乐比萨店（美式比萨连锁店）,Oralpractice,Whatsimportantwhenyousettingupyourownbusiness?AgoodideaKnowingyourcustomers,Whensettingupyourownbusiness,Ithinkagoodideaisveryimportant.Youshouldconsiderthemarketdemandandtargetatpotentialcustomers.Undertheguidanceoftheidea,youmaycaterfortheurgentneedofthecustomers,orsolvetheproblemsofthecustomersthatothercompanieshaventthoughtof.Agoodideafromtheverybeginningcanavoidfailureofanewcompany.BesidesIthinkknowingyourcustomersisalsoimportant.Youdbetterkeepafileofyourcustomerswiththeirnames,age,professionandhobbiesetc.,Basedontheirpersonalinformation,youmayguessthepotentialneedsofthecustomersandinformthemofyourproductlistsatfirsttimepossibleaccordingtotheirpossibleneeds.Knowingyourcustomershelpsyoutoprovidethemwiththeinformationtheyneed.Apartfromthetwopoints,Ithinkadequatestartingcapitalisalsoimportant.Onlywhenyouhaveenoughmoney,canyouprovidevarietiesofproductswithgoodquality;oryoucanprovidegoodservicewhichisimportanttoattractcustomerstoyourcompany.,Alwaysbearinmindthat.isveryimportantifyouwanttosucceedinyourbusiness.Allyouneedis(arealisticbusinessplan,abusinessgoal,atimeframeandabudget.)oneofthemostimportantfactorsyouneedtoconsiderishowto,Oralpractice,WhatsimportantwhenyourbusinessisapartnershipRelationshipwiththeotherpersonSharedresponsibility,Whenyourbusinessisapartnership,relationshipwiththeotherpersonisveryimportant.Agoodrelationshipwithmutualtrustandfullco-operationbringsoutthepotentials,experienceandcreativitytothefulldegree.Withgoodrelationship,itiseasyforyoutocommunicatewitheachotheranddealwithanynewissuesintime.Besides,itisalsoimportantthatbotharewillingtoshareresponsiblities.Thiswillhavedirectimpactonthesuccess,andfailureofthebusiness.Withsharedresponsibilities,youcanachieveyourCommonobjectivesbetterandbestronglyunitedagainsttroublesandrisks.Ontopofthat,timelycommunicationanddecisionmakingwillalsohelptoimprovetherunningofabusinesswithpartnership.,Tohandlethetwistsandturns,smartco-ownersputawell-draftedpartnershipagreementinplacetoactasaroadmap.inordertobestprotectthemselveswhenconflictarises.ongoingcommunicationandaperiodicreviewofyourpartnership(especiallytheagreement,ifyouhaveone)isessential.,3.2leavingandtakingmessage,lowercase小写字母，小写体buffet(bu:fei自助餐setupthebuffet把自助餐准备好voicemailn.语音信箱,scheduleskeduln.时间表，计划，安排courierkurin.送快信的,急差courierservice速递服务公司，快递服务公司spreadsheetn.电子表格,数据表,invigilatorinvid.leitn.监考人,监视器,Unit4advertising,Advertisingisthepromotionofacompanysproductsandservicescarriedoutprimarilytodrivesalesoftheproductsandservicesbutalsotobuildabrandidentityandcommunicatechangesornewproduct/servicestothecustomers.Advertisinghasbecomeanessentialelementofthecorporateworldandhencethecompaniesallotaconsiderableamountofrevenuesastheiradvertisingbudget.,Thereareseveralreasonsforadvertisingsomeofwhichareasfollows:,Increasingthesalesoftheproduct/serviceCreatingandmaintainingabrandidentityorbrandimage.Communicatingachangeintheexistingproductline.,Introductionofanewproductorservice.Increasingthebuzz-valueofthebrandorthecompany,Unit4.1advertising,wordofmouth口碑，口头宣传，口头广告mailshotn.邮寄广告TVcommercialn.电视广告billboardn.布告板，揭示栏，广告牌spamn.滥发邮件，垃圾邮件,bannern.横幅广告，标语广告newspaperadvert报纸广告internetadvertising网络广告，互联网广告,DifferentTypesofAdvertising,PrintAdvertisingNewspapers,Magazines,Brochures,Flyers(传单)OutdoorAdvertisingBillboards,Kiosks(亭,报摊),Tradeshows(专业展览)andEventsBroadcastadvertisingTelevision,RadioandtheInternetCovert(隐密的)AdvertisingAdvertisinginMoviesSurrogate(代理,代用品)AdvertisingAdvertisingIndirectlyPublicServiceAdvertisingAdvertisingforSocialCausesCelebrityAdvertising,Unit4.1advertis