跨文化交际(英文1)ppt课件

,Inthiscourse,wearealllearnersandteachers.Yourexperiencesandcapacitiesarevaluableresourcesforme.Respectforyourselfandothersisanessentialingredientincreatingapositivelearningenvironment.Ilookforwardtoworkingwithyoutocreatethiskindoflearningenvironment.,Welcometotheclassofinterculturalcommunicationcourse!,Welcome,INTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONPeoplefailtogetalongbecausetheyfeareachother;Theyfeareachotherbecausetheydontknoweachother;Theydontknoweachotherbecausetheyhavenotcommunicatedwitheachother.Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,I.ImportanceofstudyingICC,Tobehaveas“goodcitizens”intheglobalvillageitisimportantforustocultivatesufficientinterculturalawareness;toachievecommunicativecompetence;tostudyICC.,II.CourseObjectives/purposes,Thespecificcourseobjectivesareasfollows:ToacquireknowledgerelatedtoICC(terminologiesanddefinitions)；Todevelopskillsthatwillincreaseyourinterculturalcommunicationcompetence；3.Tounderstandhowcommunicationprocessesdifferamongcultures；4.Tocultivatetheabilitytostudyandexploretheissuesconcerninginterculturalcommunication.,III.Plan.,1.RequiredTextbook:CommunicationBetweenCultures(ThirdEdition)ByLarryA.SamovarRichardE.PorterLisaA.Stefani20002.Timeschedule:36periodsinoneterm.1).IntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication;4periods2).PartICommunicationandCulture;8periods3).PartIITheInfluenceofCulture;8periods4).PartIIIFromTheoryofPractice;8periods5).PartIVKnowledgeintoAction;8periods3.Evaluationwillbebasedon:1)Attendanceandparticipation.2)Projectpresentationandhandout(therequiredessay).3)Finalexamination.,IV.Courseexpectations/tasks,1.Previewthetext:Lookingupthenewwordsandexpressionsbeforeclass;Preparewhattheteacherhasaskedyoutodo.2.Takeanactivepartinclassdiscussionsandperformances.3.Chooseandreadtworecommendedtextbooksoninterculturalcommunication-oneinChineseandoneinEnglish.BooksRecommended:1RonScollonSuzanneWongScollon:InterculturalCommunication:ADiscourseApproach,外语教学与研究出版社，2000*2贾玉新：跨文化交际学，上海外语教育出版社，19973林大津：跨文化交际研究，福建人民出版社，19964胡文仲：文化与交际，外语教学与研究出版社，1997,V.Introductiontothetextbook,SynopsisThistextbookgivesyouanunderstandingandappreciationofdifferentculturesandprovidesyouwiththepracticalskillsforimprovingyourcommunicationwithpeoplefromothercultures.Itprovidesexcellentmotivationforyouthroughnumerouscompellingexamplesthatforcethemtoexamineyourownassumptionsandculturalbiases.StructureThebookisdividedintofourinterrelatedparts,including10chapters:(LookatP.F28)PartIintroducesthestudyofcommunicationandculture(Chapter1-2);PartIIexaminesculturalpatternsofbehaviorandthenlooksatthedeepstructuresasthebasicrootsofculturalbehavior(Chapter3-4)PartIIIputsthetheoryofinterculturalcommunicationintopractice;(Chapter5-9);PartIVisconcernedwiththeimprovementofinterculturalcommunicationskills(Chapter10).,Structure,Thebookisdividedintofourinterrelatedparts,including10chapters:(LookatP.F28)PartIintroducesthestudyofcommunicationandculture(Chapter1-2);PartIIexaminesculturalpatternsofbehaviorandthenlooksatthedeepstructuresasthebasicrootsofculturalbehavior(Chapter3-4)PartIIIputsthetheoryofinterculturalcommunicationintopractice;(Chapter5-9);PartIVisconcernedwiththeimprovementofinterculturalcommunicationskills(Chapter10).,VI.AbriefintroductiontothehistoryofthestudyofICC,TheDevelopmentoftheDiscipline1.In1946：TheUSgovernmentpassedtheForeignServiceActandestablishedtheForeignServiceInstitute.TheinstitutehiredEdwardT.Hall2.In1959:ThepublicationoftheSilentLanguagebytheAmericanculturalanthropologist,EdwardT.HallmarkedtheemergenceofICC.3.In1966:ICCwasregardedascurriculumintheUS.,2.In1959:ThepublicationoftheSilentLanguagebytheAmericanculturalanthropologist,EdwardT.HallmarkedtheemergenceofICC.3.In1966:ICCwasregardedascurriculumintheUS.4.In1970:ICCwasrecognizedasanindependentareaofstudybytheInternationalCommunicationAssociation(国际传播学会)5.In1972:ThefirstinternationalconferenceoninterculturalcommunicationwasheldinJapan.6.In1983:Gudykunst,AmericanwellknownscholarinICC,editedthefirsttextoninterculturalcommunicationtheory,InterculturalCommunicationTheories.7.Inthe1990sTheoryconstructionandtestingcontinues.,VII.ThenatureofthestudyofICC:,Interdisciplinary:1.Linguists:EdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorfandtheirhypothesis:theEdwardSapir-Whorfhypothesis(萨丕尔沃尔夫假设)2.AnthropologistsEdwardHallandhisworks:TheSilentLanguage3.Psychologists:GordonAllportandhisclassicstudy,TheNatureofprejudice,VIII.ApproachestothestudyofICC,ThreeApproaches:1.thesocialscienceapproach(sometimescalledfunctionalistapproach)2.theinterpretiveapproach3.thecriticalapproach,IX.RESEARCHAREASOFICC.,1.INUSA,ICCRESEARCHCOVERS:1).Culturaldifferencesandimpactsonmanyareas;2).Similaritiesanddifferencesbetweendifferentnationsandcultures;3).Interculturalcontactandoccasions;4).Languageandculture,bilingualeducationandtranslation;,5).Particularculturalpatternanditsimpactoncross_culture;6).Non_verbalcommunication;7).Culturalshockandacculturation(文化休克与文化适应);8).Nation,raceandsubculture(亚文化);9).prejudiceagainstdifferentnations,racesandsomeofothercountries.,2.FeaturesofICCresearchinAmerica,3features:1)Theyareinternationally,domesticallyoriented.2)ICCresearchersaremainlylinguists,psychologists,sociologistsandanthropologists.3)ManyAmericanuniversitieshaveofferedICCcourse,3.ICCforpostgraduatesinAmerica,5aspects:1.toteachpostgraduatesterminologiesanddefinitionsrelatedtoICC;2.torequirethemtoexamineproblemsaboutaculture;3.toenablepostgraduatestomeetpeoplefromvariousculturalbackgrounds;4.toacquaintpostgraduatesapproachestoovercomeculturaldifferences;5.torequirethemtoinvestigateintoculturesthatinterestthem.,4.ICCstudyinChina,InChinaICCstudybeganasaseriousdisciplineforstudyintheearly1980s,lotsofscholarshavestudiedthisarea.Manybooksandpaperswerewritten(nearly300papersand20-oddbooksbetween1981-2001李炯英解放军外国语学院学报2002年第6期).胡文仲:AspectsofInterculturalCommunication,，外语教学与研究出版社，1999胡文仲:文化与交际，外语教学与研究出版社，1997胡文仲:跨文化交际学概论，外语教学与研究出版社,1999。贾玉新：跨文化交际学，上海外语教育出版社，1997林大津：跨文化交际研究，福建人民出版社，1996年10月。关世杰：跨文化交流学，北京大学出版社，1996邓炎昌、刘润清：LanguageandCulture1989.,Part1CommunicationandCulture,Chapter1InterculturalCommunicationInteractioninaChangingWorldI.ImportanceofInterculturalCommunicationDifferencesoftodaysICCandICCofthepast:,thepastencounters:confusingandhostileCauses:1)Lackculturalknowledge;2)Blamethealienforthedifferences.thepresentencounters:moreabundantandmoresignificant.Reasons:1）modernmeansoftransportationsystems2）modernmeansofcommunicationsystems3）globalizationofworldeconomy4)massmigration,2.Threefoldrationaleforlookingatthesechanges:,1).Asthefamiliargiveswaytoanewanddifferentworld,theentirehumanraceisaaffected.2).Manyoftheeventsthathavebroughtdiversegroupstogetherhavebeentoosubtletodetectandhavetakenplaceoveralongperiod.Hence,webelievethatmanyofthemmayhavebeenoverlooked.3)Bydemonstratingboththequantityandqualityofthesechanges,wemightbebetterabletoarouseyourinterestininterculturalcommunication.,II.TheQuantityofInterculturalCommunication,InternationalContactsThreeinternationaldevelopmentsthatmadeinternationalcontactmoreaxiomaticandpervasive:Newtechnologyandinformationsystems;changesintheworldpopulation;ashiftinthewordsarena;,2.DomesticContact1)changesinthemeaningofthewordAmerican.2)Definitionofco_culture(subcultureandsubgroup)Co_cultureisaculturethatexistsinadominantcultureinwhichthemembers,likethemembersofthedominantculture,shareperceptions,values,modesofcommunication,andlifestylesthatmadethemunique,differentfromthemembersofthedominantculture.,.,ApproachingInterculturalCommunicationTheContentofInterculturalCommunicationAPhilosophyofInterculturalCommunicationStudyingInterculturalCommunicationIndividualismObjectivity,.,PartTwoCommunicationandCulture:TheVoiceandtheEcho,I.AboutthewordCommunication1）Origin:TheEnglishword“Communication”originatesfromLatinword“commonis”,whichmeanscommon.Theconceptofcommunicationiscloselyconnectedwiththemeaningofcommonness(共同/共享)2)Meanings:Someanthropologistsandtheauthorsofthisbookcommunicationandculturearecloselylinked,thetwotermsarevirtuallysynonymous.Cultureisthefoundationofcommunication,.,3)TranslationinChinese:“交际”(Fromthelinguisticperspective,meaningintercourse)“沟通”(Fromthepsychologicalperspective,meaninglinkup)“传播”(Inmassmediem,Itmeansmethodsofsendingimformationbytelephone)“交通”“传通”,.,II.Thedefinitionsofcommunication,1.TheCollinsCobuildEnglishLanguageDictionary:Communicationisdefinedastheactivityorprocessofgivinginformationtootherpeopleortootherlivingthingsusingsignalssuchasspeech,bodymovements,orradiosignals.Tosumitup,itisanythingthataddsmeaningtoamessage.Communicationisanever-changingprocessandthepresentcommunicationshaveagreatimpactonthecommunicationinthefuture.,.,2.OxfordCompaniontotheEnglishLanguage(McArthur,1993):Communicationrefertothetransmissionofinformation(amassage)betweensource(sender)andreciever,byusingsignalingsystem.,.,3.Anyactbywhichonepersongivestoorreceivesfromanotherpersoninformationaboutthatpersonsneeds,desires,perceptions,knowledge,oraffectivestates.Communicationmaybeintentionalorunintentional,mayinvolveconventionalorunconventionalsignals,maytakelinguisticornonlinguisticforms,andmayoccurthroughspokenorothermodes.(Fromthewebsite)4.Thisbook(P.24),.,Ingredientsofcommunication(组成交际的要素),1.message/behavioralsource(信息源/行为源)2.encoding（编码）3.message（信息）4.channel（渠道）5.receiver/recepient/responder(信息接受者/反应者)6.decoding（译码）7.response（反应）8.feedback（反馈）（P13-15贾玉新）,.,UnderstandingCulture,I.AboutthewordCulture1）Origin:TheEnglishwordCultureoriginatesfromtheLatincolo,-ere,withitsrootmeaningtocultivate,generallyreferstopatternsofhumanactivityandthesymbolicstructuresthatgivesuchactivitysignificance.,.,Definitionsofculture,Cultureisatermusedinconfusingandcontradictoryways.Thereisnostandarddefinitionofculture.In1952AlfredKroeberandClydeKluckhohncompiledalistofmorethan164definitionsofcultureinCulture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions.,.,Differentdefinitionsof“culture”reflectdifferenttheoreticalbasesforunderstanding,orcriteriaforevaluating,humanactivity.Anthropologistsmostcommonlyusetheterm“culture”torefertotheuniversalhumancapacitytoclassify,codify（把编成法典）andcommunicatetheirexperiencessymbolically.ThiscapacityislongbeentakenasadefiningfeatureofthegenusHomo.,.,TheModernChineseDictionary:1)Thetotalsumofmaterialandspiritualwealthcreatedbythemankindintheprocessofthesocialandhistoricaldevelopment,esp,literature,art,science,education,etc.(Fromthiswecanseecultureincludeseverything,materialandspiritural,createdbyhumanbeings)2)Theabilitytousethewrittenlanguageandpossessionofbookknowledge.,.,1、SirEdwardB.TylorwritingfromtheperspectiveofsocialanthropologyintheUKin1871describedcultureinthefollowingway:“Cultureorcivilization,takeninitswideethnographic（人种志研究的）sense,isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasam