综合教程5-1-何兆熊.ppt

TheFourthofJuly,ByAudreLorde,DiscussionofParagraphOne,1.Whenandwheredidthewritersfamilygoforavisit?ThewritersfamilywenttoWashingtonD.C.atthebeginningofthesummerwhenthewritergraduatedfromtheeighthgradeandhereldersisterfromhighschool.,2.WhydidthefamilygoonaFourthofJulytrip?,ThefamilywentonaFourthofJulytripfortworeasons.Themainreasonwasthatthewriterandhersisterhadjustgraduatedfromschoolandthetripwastakenasaneventtomarktheirgraduationandregardedastheirgraduationpresent.TheotherreasonwasthattheFourthofJulyistheNationalDayintheUSA,thedayonwhichAmericawonindependenceandfreedom.Asawayofcelebration,mostAmericanswilltaketripstovariousplaces.,AnalysisofParagraphOne,Thefirstparagraphpresentsthebackgroundinformation,whichtellsusthecircumstancesunderwhichtheauthorsfamilyweregoingtotaketheWashingtontripandwhy.,LanguageWork,suppose:believe,acceptastrue;pretendthatsth.istrue;takesth.asafacte.g.:(1)Idontsupposeforaminutethathewillagree.(2)Everyonesupposeshimtobepoor,butheisinfactverywealthy.(3)Supposethatyouhadamillionpounds-Howwouldyouspendit?,besupposedtodosth.:beexpectedorrequiredtodosth.e.g.:(1)AmIsupposedtocleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?(2)YouaresupposedtopaythebillbyFriday.(3)Youarenotsupposedtoplayfootballintheclassroom.(4)Studentsarenotsupposedtowhisperortalkwhiletheteacherislecturing.,fabled:famousinfables;legendarye.g.:(1)Therearesomefabledcitiesinthatsmallcountry.(2)ThescientistwenttoinvestigateaboutthefabledfishinLakeKanas.(3)Thedesertedhouseisfabledtohavebeeninhabitedbyghosts.,DiscussionofParagraphTwo-Six,1.WhyhadthefamilyalwaysgoneonthemilktrainwhentheyusedtogototheConnecticutshore?Becausethemilktrainwascheaper.Thefactthatthefamilyhadalwaystraveledonthecheapmilktrainimpliesthatthefamilywasratherpoor.,2.WhydidthewritersaythatherfirsttriptoWashingtonD.C.wasamobilefeast?,BecausethewriterstartedeatingassoonastheywereensconcedintheirseatsonthetrainandshedidnotstopeatinguntilsomewhereafterPhiladelphia.,3.Givealistofthedifferentfoodsthewritersmotherhadpreparedandpacked.,Thewritersmotherhadroastedtwochickensandpackedslicesofbrownbreadandbutterandgreenpepperandcarrotsticks.Therewereicedcakeswithscallopededges,aspicebunandrockcakes,icedteainawrappedmayonnaisejar,sweetpickles,dillpickles,andpeacheswiththefuzzstillonthem.,4.Whydidthewritersmotherprepareavarietyoffoodsforthetrip?,Therewereprobablytworeasons.Ontheonehand,bytakingavarietyoffoodwiththemonthetrip,thefamilymemberscouldsavesomemoney,fordiningcarfoodwastooexpensive.Ontheotherhand,asblackpeople,theywerenotallowedintorailroaddiningcarsatthattime.,5.WhyhadthewriterseldersisterbeenpreventedfromgoingtoWashingtonD.C.withherhighschoolclassmates?,BecauseshewasblackandallherclassmateswerewhiteandtheywouldbestayinginahotelwhichdidnotrentroomstoNegroes.,LanguageWork,milktrain:atrainthatchieflycarriesmilk,usu.veryearlyinthemorningintheair:inthesky;prevalent;gainingcurrency;notdecided,indefinite,feast:anunusuallylargeorelaboratemeal;盛宴，(fig.)sth.thatpleasesthemindorthesenseswithitsrichnessorvariety;areligiousfestivalcelebratedwithrejoicing.e.g.:immovablefeast固定的（宗教）节日Thefoodonthetableisactuallyafeastforeyesaswellasforpalate（味觉）.（餐桌上的食物不仅赏心悦目，而且味道不错。）Thepictureisafeastofcolors.Themelodyisararefeast,ensconcevt.(esp.passive)establishorsettleoneselforsb.inasafeandcomfortableplacee.g.:(1)Atnightinwinter,theyoungcouplearehappilyensconcedbythefire,eachreadingagoodbook.(2)WehaveensconcedourselvesinthemostbeautifulvillaintheSouthofFrance.(3)Assoonashewasensconcedinthesofa,hefellintoadeepslumber.,daintyadj.(ofthings)smallandpretty;(ofpeople)neatanddelicateinbuildormovement;fastidiousesp.aboutfood.（娇美的）e.g.:(1)Thebowlsareallmadeofdaintyporcelain.(2)Sheisadaintygirl,butsheisverycapable.(3)Mrs.Smithisverydaintyaboutfood.,scallopvt.decoratewitharowofcurvesforminganedgeorpatternonpastry（油酥面点，各式烘烤糕点）,etc.e.g.:(1)Theydecoratedthecakewithscallopededges.(2)Hisparentshadscallopedhisbirthdaycake.,marigoldn.anyofvarioustypesofagardenplantwithorangeoryellowflowers(金盏花；金盏菊；万寿菊)e.g.:(1)Thegardenisverybeautifulwithsomanymarigoldsinfullbloom.(2)Hisbirthdaycakewasscallopedwithmarigolds.,rock-caken.asmallcurrantcakewithahardroughcrust岩皮饼(一种表面粗硬的小甜饼)mayonnaisejaracontainerusedtoholdthickcreamysaucemadeofegg-yolks,oilandvinegar,usedesp.oncoldfoodssuchassalads;dishmadewiththis.(蛋黄酱)e.g.:Eggnogismadewithmayonnaiseandhard-boiledeggs.,picklen.food,esp.marinatedvegetables,i.e.,vegetablespreservedinvinegarorsaltwater;particularvegetablespreservedthisway.（腌菜，泡菜）e.g.(1)Ilikeredcabbagepickle.(2)Hishometown,Yangzhou,isfamousforpickles.dilln.aherbwithscentedleavesandseedsusedforflavoringpickles(莳萝，小茴香),fuzzn.fluff;fluffyorfrizzledhair;short,finehairthatsticksup，coat.e.g(1)Apeachskiniscoveredwithfuzz.(2)Hischestiscoveredwithfuzz.glycerinen.athicksweetcolorlessliquidmadefromfatsandoilsusedinmedicines,toiletproductsandexplosives(甘油；丙三醇),bruisen.aninjurycausedbyabloworknocktothebodyortoafruit,discoloringtheskinbutnotbreakingite.g.:(1)Hewascoveredinbruisesafterfallingoffhisbicycle.(2)Theyoungmanhadafewcutsandbruisesbutnothingserious.v.causeabruiseorbruisesonsth.;showtheeffectofabloworknocke.g.:(1)Hefellandbruisedhislegs.(2)Herfacewasbadlybruisedinthecrash.(3)Peachesbruiseeasily.,fortheumpteenthtimefornumeroustimes;forcountlesstimes,无数次e.g.:(1)Fortheumpteenthtime,ItellyouIdontknow.(2)Thethiefstolemobilephonesfortheumpteenthtime.umpteen.(infml)numerous,toomanytocounte.g.:(1)Umpteenofthemleft.(2)Shehadumpteenreasonsforbeinglate.,inprivate:withnooneelsepresente.g.(1)Sheaskedtoseehiminprivate.(2)Themanagerwantedtotalktoherinprivate.avowvt.(fml)admit;declaresth.openly;statefirmlyandopenlye.g.(1)Heavowedhisbelief,faithandconvictionattheconference.(2)Sheavowedherselftobeagenerouswoman,butinfactshewasnt.,overnightadv.suddenlyorveryquicklye.g.(1)Hestayedovernightatafriendshouse.(2)Shebecameacelebrityovernight.(3)TheyhadanovernightstopinRome.(4)Itwasanovernightsuccess.measlyadj.ridiculouslysmallinsize,amountandvaluee.g.(1)Hegaveusmeaslylittleportionsofthecake.(2)Whatameaslybirthdaypresent!,SentenceUnderstanding,Infact,myfirsttriptoWashingtonwasamobilefeast.Actually,myfirsttriptoWashingtonwasawonderfulorelaboratemealthatweenjoyedinthechuggingtrain.Indeed,myfirsttriptoWashingtonwaslikeaverypleasantorveryagreeablefeast,becauseIstartedeatingassoonaswewerecomfortablysettledinourseatsanddidnotstopuntilsomewhereafterPhiladelphia.,AnalysisofParagraph2-6,Thispartmainlytellsthereadersthepreparationsmadeforthetrip,inparticular,thelargeamountandvarietyoffoodtheauthorsmotherhadpreparedforthefamily,whichactuallyturnedtheirfirsttriponapassengertraintoWashingtonintoarealmobilefeast.Partofthereasonfordoingsowasthathermotherknewonlytoowellthatitwouldbeanunpleasantexperienceiftheyshouldgotoeatinthediningcar.Apreviouseventwasrelatedinthe6thparagraph,revealingthereasonwhytheauthorssisterPhyllishadnotbeenabletogotoWashingtontogetherwithherclassmates.,Westilltakeamong-youtoWashington?Wewillstilltakeyou,allthreeofyou,toWashington?among-you:yourkind;youinagroupnotjustforanovernightinsomemeaslyfleabaghotelnotmerelystayingforonenightinasmall,lousyhotelThewordovernightisusuallyanadverboradjective,meaningfororduringthenight;however,itisusedasanoun,whichisveryrare,meaninganovernightstay.,DiscussionofParagraphs717,WhydidthewriterspendthewholenextdayafterMasssquintingupattheLincolnMemorial?AndwhyhadMarianAndersonsungattheLincolnMemorialaftertheD.A.R.refusedtoallowhertosingintheirauditoriumbecauseshewasBlack?,BoththewriterandMarianAndersonareblack.ThewriterspentthewholenextdayafterMasssquintingupattheLincolnMemorialbecauseitwasLincoln,theAmericanPresident,wholiberatedtheblacksinAmerica,whoadvocatedfreedomforthecoloredandwhoevensacrificedhislifefortheemancipationoftheblackpeople.BoththewriterandMarianAndersoncherishedthememoryofthisgreatman.MarianAndersonhadsungattheLincolnMemorial,alsobecauseshewantedtospreadLincolnsnobleideas,toshowthathisnobleideashadnotbeenrealizedandtocallonpeopletofightagainstracialdiscriminationandsegregationsoastomakeLincolnsnoblethoughtcometrueandwinliberationandfreedomfortheblackpeople.,(2)Whywasthewritersquinting?,Thewriterwassquintingbecauseshewasinthatsilentagonythatcharacterizedallofherchildhoodsummers,fromthetimeschoolletoutinJunetotheendofJuly,broughtaboutbyherdilatedandvulnerableeyesexposedtothesummerbrightness.Inotherwords,shewassquintingbecauseshewassufferingrealisticallyfromthedazzlingsunlightandmentallyfromthesuffocatingwhitedomination.,(3)Whydidntttheauthorsparentsapproveofsunglasses?Wasitjustbecausetheyweretooexpensive?,Theexpensemaynotbetherealreason.Wearingsunglasseswillmakethedazzlinglightmilder.Whatherparentswerereallysayingwasthattheywantedtheirkidstorealizetothefullestextenttheinjusticethatwasinflictedupontheblackpeople.,(4)DoyoufindsomesymbolicmeaninginParagraph11?,Yes.Whilesquintingupatmonumentstofreedomandpastpresidenciesanddemocracy,thewriterwaswonderingwhythelightandheatwerebothsomuchstrongerinWashingtonD.C.thanbackhomeinNewYorkCity.Eventhepavementonthestreetswasashadelighterincolorthanbackhome.Here,mostprobably,thewhitelightandheatandthewhitepavementonthestreetssymbolizethewhitedomination.Actually,thewriterwaswonderingwhythewhitedominationorracialdiscriminationwasevenstrongerinWashingtonD.C.thanbackhomeinNewYorkCity.,(5)Whydidthewritersfatherdecreeanothertreat?,Movedbytheirhistoricalsurroundingsandtheheatoftheearlyevening,herfatherdecreedyetanothertreat.Also,itwasbecausehehadagreatsenseofhistory,aflairforthequietlydramaticandastrongsenseofaspecialoccasionandatrip.,(6)Whatwasitthatthewaitressattheice-creamcounterwassayingtothefamily?,Shesaid,Ikingiveyoutotakeout,butyoucanteathere.Inotherwords,thewaitresssaidclearlythatthewriterandherfamilycouldbeallowedtotakethefoodout,butnottoeatitintheice-creamstore.,(7)Howdidthefamilyfeelwhentheymarchedoutofthestore?,Theyfeltindignantandoutraged.(8)Whatwasthewritersstrongfeeling?Thewriterfeltextremelyindignantandoutraged.Shewasparticularlyhurtandrespondedtoitindignantly:Butwehadntdoneanything!Thiswasntrightorfair!HadntIwrittenpoemsaboutfreedomanddemocracyforall?,LanguageWork,anextracotforme:anadditionalsmallerbedformecotn.abedforayoungchild,usu.withsidestoprotectthechildfromfallingout;simplenarrowbede.g.(1)Thebabyisslumberinginthecot.(2)Acampbedorabunkbedonashipisatypicalcot.(3)CotisawordinBritishEnglish,whilecrib(onlyforbabies)isawordinAmericanEnglish.,aback-streethotel:ahotellocatedonaby-streetawayfromthemainstreetsMassn.celebrationofChristsLastSupper,heRomanCatholicChurche.g.:(1)TheygotoMassregularly.(弥撒)(2)ThepriestsaystwoMasseseachday.,beinrealestate:dealinrealpropertyorimmovableproperty,consistingofland,buildings,etc.;engageinthebusinessofsellinghouses,landforbuilding,etc.e.g.:(1)Thatbusinessmanhasbeeninrealestatefor20years,thusbecomingawealthyman.(2)Thosewhohaveengagedinrealestateareallinpossessionofplentyofproperty.,D.A.R.anacronymforDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolutioncorollan.awhorlorwhorlsofpetalsformingtheinnerenvelopeofaflower花冠travestyn.absurdimitationoforinferiorsubstitutefor;distortione.g.:(1)Thetrialwasatravestyofjustice.(2)Intheirview,theplaywasatravestyofthetruth.,squintvi.lookatsth.witheyeshalfshutorturnedsideways,orthroughanarrowopeninge.g.:(1)Wehavetosquintinthebrightsunlight.(2)Shesquintedthroughtheletterbox.agony:极度的痛苦或创痛，（在口语中）艰辛e.g.:Shewentthroughagonywritingthispaper.(她写得很艰苦)（常用于复数）临死前的痛苦,dilatev.(causesth.)tobecomewider,largerorfurtheropene.g.:(1)Thepupilsofyoureyesdilatewhenyouenteradarkroom.(2)Thehorsedilateditsnostrils.vulnerableadj.thatwhichcanbehurt,wounded,orinjured;exposedtoattackordangere.g.:(1)Youngbirdsarevulnerabletopredators.(2)Cyclistsaremorevulnerablethanmotorists.(3)Theelectiondefeatputsthepartyleaderinavulnerableposition.,flairn.anaturalabilitytodosth.well;originalandattractivequalitye.g.:(1)Shedoesnttshowmuchflairforthepiano.(2)Shehasarealflairforlanguages.specialnessn.astateofbeingparticular,beingoutoftheordinary;peculiarity,outragevt.(esp.passive)shockoroffendsb;upsetsb.greatlye.g.:(1)Theywereoutragedbytheannouncementofmassivepriceincreases.(2)Whattheydidoutragedpublicopinion.guiltysilence:silenceaffectedbyasenseofguilte.g.:(1)Here,thewordguiltyisusedasatransferredepithet.,SentenceUnderstanding,IwassquintingbecauseIwasinthatsilentagonythatcharacterizedallofmychildhoodsummers,fromthetimeschoolletoutinJunetotheendofJuly,broughtaboutbymydilatedandvulnerableeyesexposedtothesummerbrightness.Astheywereoftenexposedtothesummerbrightness,myeyesbecamelargerandwiderandmorevulnerable,whichmademesuffersilentlyandterriblythroughoutallofmychildhoodsummers,fromthetimeschoolletoutinJunetotheendofJuly.AsIwasinthatsilentagony,myeyeswerehalfshutorturnedsidewayswhilelookingatthings.,Eventhepavementonthestreetswasashadelighterincolorthanbackhome.Eventhefootpathorsidewalkonthestreetswasslightlylighterincolorthanbackhome.,Wewereapropercaravan,motherbrightandfatherbrown,thethreeofusgirlsstep-standardsin-between.,Wewerejustlikeagroupoftouriststravelingtogetheracrossadesert,feelinghotandthirsty,motherinpossessionofabrightcomplexion,fatherabrowncomplexion,andthethreeofusgirlslookingneitherbrightnorbrown,butingradualshadesfrombrighttobrown.caravann.agroupofpeople(e.g.merchants,gypsies,etc.)travelingtogetheracrossaplacesuchasadeserte.g.:Acaravanofmerchantswastravelingoncamelsacrossthedesert.,Myfatherdecreedyetanothertreat.,Myfatherdecidedtogiveusanotherspecialtreat,somethingthatwasunexpectedandthatwasnotalwaysavailable.decreevt.ordersth.asifbyanofficialcommandordecisione.g.:(1)Thegovernordecreedadayofmourning.(2)Fatedecreedthattheywouldnotmeetagain.,Indoors,thesodafountainwasdimandfan-cooled,deliciouslyrelievingtomyscorchedeyes.,Insidethestore,thesodafountainwasglumandgloomyandcooledbyelectricfans,whichagreeablyrelievedmyeyesofthestrongsunlightandheatoutdoors.fan-cooledadj.cooledbyblowingacurrentofaironwithorasifwithafanmyscorchedeyes:myeyesaffectedbystronglightandheat;myeyesinjuredbyheat,Cordedandcrispandpinafored,thefiveofusseatedourselvesonebyoneatthecounter.,Stillwearingourwell-tied,smoothly-ironedoutergarments,thefiveofusseatedourselvesonebyoneoncounterstools.cordedadj.tied,bound,orconnectedbythickstringsorlacescrispadj.withastiff,uncreased,orunspoiledsurface;well-ironedpinaforedadj.wearingasleeveless,collarlessoutergarmentthatisusu.tiedattheback,alongthewhitemottledmarblecounter,alongthecountermadeofwhitemarblemarkedwithpatchesofdifferentcolorswithoutaregularpatternIsaidIkingiveyoutotakeoutIsaidIcanallowyoutotakethefoodoutThewordkinisanintactreproductionofthewaitressinformalutteranceofthewordcan.,Thenshedroppedhereyeslookingveryembarrassed,Thensheloweredhereyes,lookingveryawkwardanduncomfortable,AnalysisofParagraph717,Thispartisthecoreofthewholenarration.Itcanbefurtherdividedintotwosections,consistingofparagraphs7-11andparagraphs12-17respectively.Thefirstsection,seeminglytherelationofsomeofthesightstheauthorsawinWashington,is,moreimportantly,therevelationoftheauthorsmentalreactiontothesuffocatingwhitedominationshefeltinWashingtonD.C.especiallyinJuly,whichissymbolizedbythedazzlingwhitenessandthelightandheatwhichweresomuchstrongerherethaninNewYork.Thiswaspartlywhyshehadtobesquintingnearlyallthetime.Thesecondsection,Paragraphs12-7,istheclimaxofthenarration.Itrelatestheirmostagonizingexperienceatanicecreamandsodafountainstore-theywerenotallowedtoeatadishofvanillaicecreamatthecounter,andtheyweretreatedverybadlybythewaitress.,DiscussionofParagraph18-19,(1)Howdidthewritersparentsandhertwosistersrespondtotheunfairtreatmentafterwards?Thewritersparentswouldntts