英美经济概况PPT课件

-,1,BritishandAmericanEconomy,Designedby:付梦玉Itdoesntproduceenoughfoodtomeetthecountrysbasicneeds;TheBritishindustryisoperatedbymanydifferenttypesoffirms,rangingfromthesmallfamilybusinesstothegreatpubliccoporationoperatingnumerousplants;ThBritishlabourforceisremarkablyhomogeneous.,-,10,FeaturesoftheAmericanEconomy,Itsafreeenterprisesystem;Allthe50statesintheUShavebeenmostactiveinbuildingroadsandinthefieldofeducation;TheUSgovernmentplaysanimportantroleintheUSeconomy;Thefarmersareefficiencyintheproductionofgrain;Thesaleofthearmedforcestoothercountries.,-,11,BritishandAmericanIndustry,-,12,BritishIndustry,PrimaryIndustry：agriculture,fishing,andmining.Secondaryindustries:manufacturingTertiaryindustries:services,suchasbanking,insurance,tourism,andthesellingofgoods.culture,-,13,PrimaryIndustriesintheUK,Agricultureisintensive,highlymechanised,andefficientbyEuropeanstandards,producingabout60%offoodneedswithlessthan2%ofthelabourforce3rdquarterof2007.Itcontributesaround2%ofGDP.Aroundtwo-thirdsoftheproductionisdevotedtolivestock,one-thirdtoarablecrops.ThreequartersofBritainslandisusedforagriculture,withaboutaquarterofthatundercrops,andtherestisgrazingforanimals.,-,14,Energyproductionaccountsfor5%ofthenationalwealth.Since1970s,whenoilandgaswerediscoveredundertheNorthSea,Britainhasbecomeamajoroilandgasproducer.,-,15,TheabundanceofenergyresourcesmaketheUKbecomeanoverallexporterofenergy.ThreeofthebiggesttencompaniesinBritainareintheenergysector:ShellBritishPetroleumBritishGas,-,16,NorthSeaoilandgassupplymostoftheUKsenergyneeds.,-,17,SecondaryIndustriesoftheUK,In2003,manufacturingindustryaccountedfor16%ofnationaloutputintheUKandfor13%ofemployment,accordingtotheOfficeforNationalStatistics.ThisisacontinuationofthesteadydeclineintheimportanceofthissectortotheBritisheconomysincethe1960s,althoughthesectorisstillimportantforoverseastrade,accountingfor83%ofexportsin2003.,-,18,BritainscompaniesareactiveinallmajorfieldsofManufacturingindustry,butareparticularstronginpharmaceuticals,chemicals,aerospace,andfoodanddrink.Britainselectronicsindustryisthefourthlargestintheworld,butinmanycasesareforeign-owned.,-,19,TertiaryIndustriesoftheUK,Theimportanceofsecondaryindustryhasshrunk,whiletheimportanceofserviceindustrygrows.70%oftheUKsworkforceareemployedintheservicesector.TheUKservicesectornowmakesupabout73%ofGDP.Theservicesectorisdominatedbyfinancialservices,especiallyinbankingandinsurance.,-,20,BritishTrade,ForeigntradeplayedanimportantroleintheBritisheconomy.Overseascommoditytradealoneaccountingforaboutonesixthofthecountrysnationalincome.Thereisanimporteroffoodandanexporterofmanufacturedgoods.,-,21,BritishFinance,ImportantfinancialcitiesintheUKLondon:theworldsfinancialcenterSharesandbonds:LondonStockExchangeInsurance:LloydsofLondonCentralbank:TheBankofEnglandBusinessbanks;BarclaysBank,CitigroupandHSBCTherearenowover500bankswithofficesintheCityandDocklands,withthemajorityofbusinessinLondonbeingconductedonaninternationalbasis.Edinburgh:thefifthlargestfinancialcentreinEuropetheRoyalBankofScotland(thesecondlargestbankinEurope),HBOS(ownersoftheBankofScotland)andStandardLifeInsurance.,-,22,TheBankofEngland;thecentralbankoftheUnitedKingdom.,-,23,MajorbanksintheUKwithBankofEnglandasthecentralbank:HSBCBankLondonRoyalBankofScotlandEdinburghBarclaysBankLondonHBOSEdinburghLloydsTSBLondonStandardCharteredLondonAlliancefreedslavesbecomelabourfornorthernindustryPower:steamengineslargemarket)Government(referee),-,60,1790:firstUScottonfactory,TheAmericanSystem-Interchangeableparts,WhitneysCottongin,SamuelSlater,Slavescottonpicking,AdamSmith,1776:TheWealthofNations.(Self-interest=thegeneralinterest)