高中英语动词不定式的用法---完整版PPT课件

-,1,1.动词不定式的用法,作主语作宾语作定语作表语作宾补作状语,动词不定式,2.动词不定式的时态和语态,3.巩固练习,-,2,1.动词不定式作主语,动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。,Togettherebycarwilltakeawholeday.,Howtogetenoughmoneyisstillaquestion.,-,3,1.动词不定式作主语,有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。,Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.,Itisimpossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.,-,4,复合结构：1)forsb.todosth2)(Itis+性格adj+)ofsb.todosth性格adj：nice,kind,cruel,thoughtful,careful,carelessItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.Itisveryniceofyoutohelpme.,-,5,2.动词不定式作宾语,动词不定式作宾语常用于下列动词后：,want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等。,-,6,动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题,1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不同,try,goon,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget等,-,7,trytodosth.尽力去做某事,trydoingsth.试一试，试试看,Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.,Trytogetthereontime.,-,8,meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事,Iwontwaitifitmeansdelayingaweek.,Imeanttohelpyou,butIwasbusyatthatmoment.,-,9,forgettodosth.忘了去做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事,Iforgettellingheraboutit,IforgettobringthepursewithmewhenIlefthomethismorning.,-,10,remembertodosth.记住去做某事,rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事,Irememberreadingthestoryinsomebook.,Remembertoposttheletterformewhenyougotothepostoffice.,-,11,动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题,2.如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。,Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou.,Ioncethoughtitimpossibleforustofinishthejobinsuchalimitedtime.,-,12,3.动词不定式作定语,动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。,Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.,Wehavemuchhomeworktodoeveryday.,-,13,4.动词不定式作表语,1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.,-,14,2主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组，或以what引导的名词性从句表示，表语用不定式说明其内容，如：Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.,-,15,注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.,-,16,5.动词不定式作宾补,常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：,（1）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：,ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,invite,encourage等,-,17,（2）可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：,在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,feel,make,let,have,注：help后可跟省to或带to的不定式作宾补。,-,18,Theteacherhadusrecitethetexteveryday.,Iwaslettodotheexperimentalone.,Washenoticedtoleavethehouse?,动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，要用带to的形式作主语补语。,-,19,6.动词不定式作状语,动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。,-,20,1表示目的：Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.Hestooduptobeseenbetter.2.表示结果：WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?Hecameroundtofindhimselfinhospital.,-,21,不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型：soastoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such()astoImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughtoTheboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.tooto5.onlytodo表示一种意想不到的结果Eg:Wewenttothetrainstationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.,-,22,当too前有only时，onlytooto译作肯定。,Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.,当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作肯定。,Wearenevertoooldtolearn.,-,23,动词不定式的时态,1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.,3.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.,.一般式(todo).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,2.sawherentertheroom.,-,24,.进行式(tobedoing),1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.,2.Hepretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercameintohisroom.,不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作,和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。,动词不定式的时态,-,25,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（tohavedone),1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.,2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.,不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。,-,26,巩固练习,1.Severalofthesewashesanddryersareoutoforderand_.needtoberepairingB.repairingisrequiredofthemC.requirethattheyberepaired.D.needtoberepaired.,解析：and并列谓语动词，needtoberepaired相当于needrepairing.,D,-,27,2.Iwishyouhadbroughtyourfamilywithyou.Illgetthem_nexttime.A.comingB.tocomeC.comeD.havecome,B,解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，let，make,have后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。,-,28,3.Weclimbedtothetopofthetower_abetterviewofthearea.gettingB.gotC.havinggotD.toget,D,解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没这功能。,-,29,4.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof_enoughmoneytobuythenewhouse.A.gettingB.havinggotC.beinggotD.toget,D,解析：名词theway后跟有两个定语，一个是定语从句Smiththoughtof，一个是动词不定式togetenoughmoneytobuythenewhouse.,-,30,5.Theyoungassistantwasnoticed_thebankalonelastnight.A.enteringB.enterC.toenterD.entered,C,解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。,-,31,6.WangDongwantedtosurftheInternet,buthisfathertoldhim_.A.nottodoB.notdoitC.donottoD.notto,D,解析：tellsb.(not)todosth.为了避免重复，后面省略了surftheInternet.,-,32,7.Thepartywassuccessful,butwethoughtitapitynot_you.A.inviteB.toinviteC.invitingD.tohaveinvite