英语必修一Unit4单词讲解[1].ppt

Unit4Earthquakes,要点梳理高效梳理知识备考重点单词1burstvi.爆裂；爆发n突然破裂，爆发2eventn事件；大事3nationn民族；国家；国民nationaladj.国家的，民族的nationalityn国籍4ruinn废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产5sufferingn苦难；痛苦sufferv受苦，遭受,6extremeadj.极度的extremelyadv.7injurevt.损害；伤害injuredadj.受伤的injuryn伤害，损害8destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful(反义词)usev.pleasedontdisturbhim.ARightawayBRightnowCInnotimeDAtonce答案：B解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上”之意，但rightnow还有“现在，此时此刻”之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。,即学即练7(1)Iwantittobesent_.马上把它发出去。(2)Hecleanedtheroom_.他立即开始打扫房间。(3)Hesnotintheoffice_.他现在不在办公室。,rightaway,rightaway,rightnow,3.welln.井Eg:Abookisawellofknowledge.Theydugawell.adj.健康的Eg:Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.adv.熟练地，有效地Eg:Heplaysthepianoverywellforhisage.,4.smellyadj.有臭味的，发臭的Eg:Hissocksaresmelly.拓展：bloodbloodycloudcloudyrainrainygreedgreedy词根：smell可用作系动词或实义动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻”Eg:Youmaysmellthemixtureanditsmellsterrible.,smelly:smell+y=adj.smelln./v(smelt/smelled)2.Theywereallhungryandthefood_good.3.Ican_somethingburninginthekitchen.4.Pleasethrowthe_fishaway.,smelt,smell,smelly,1.A_gascame_thecracks.,smelly,outof,blood+-y=bloodyrain+-y=rainycloud+-y=cloudywind+-y=windysnow+-y=snowygreed+-y=greedydream+-y=dreamytaste+-y=tastyice+-y=icyfat+-y=fattymud+-y=muddysun+-y=sunnyfog+-y=foggy,流血的,多云的,下雪的,幻想的,冷漠的，冰的,泥泞的,肥胖的,下雨的,多风的,贪婪的,美味的,阳光灿烂的,有雾的,5.burstv.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸Eg:Youaregoingtobursttheballoonifyouarenotcareful.Theballoonsuddenlyburst.v.猛冲；突然出现Eg:Heburstintotheroomwithoutknocking.burstinto+n.=burstoutdoingsth.突然起来eg:burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing,eg:她突然笑起来。Sheburstoutlaughing.Sheburstinto.他突然大哭起来。Heburstoutcrying.Heburstinto.n.突然爆裂，爆发短语：aburstof一阵eg:一阵笑声,laughter,tears,aburstoflaughter,勃然大怒,aburstofanger,burstinto,burstwith,闯入,充满,1(2010四川绵阳中学)Whenaboywithdirtyspotsonthefacecamein,peoplepresentallburst_laughingwhileheburst_tears.Ainto;inBinto;outCout;intoDout;in答案：C解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burstoutlaughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burstintotears表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。,6.atanend结束，终结eg:炎热的天气终于结束了。Thehotdaysareatanendatlast.Thehotdayscometoanendatlast.beatanend=cometoanend结束短语：putanendto=bringtoanend使结束eg:他们应该结束战争。Theyshouldputanendtothewar.Theyshouldbringthewartoanend.辨析：atanend,intheend,attheendof,bytheendof,6.Itseemedasiftheworldwas_.,at,an,end,attheendof“在末端，终点，结尾”表时间bytheendof用于表示时间，“到结束的时候”，时态用完成时;intheend=atlast=finally意思“最后、终于”。,Compare:beattheendof=cometoanendbytheendofintheend,1).atanend:表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用。eg:战争结束了。Thewarwasatanend.=Thewarcametoanend.2).intheend:表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语。eg:最终他们放弃了那项计划。Theygaveuptheplanintheend.(atlast)3).attheendof:表示“在的尽头/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回家。Myfatherwillcomehomeattheendofthisyear.Heisattheendofhispatience.他已经忍耐到极限了。,即学即练8(1)Theyearis_.这一年已到年终了。(2)Themeeting_.会议结束了。(3)Gostraightandyoullfindthehospital_theroad.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。,atanend,cametoanend,attheendof,1).Hisfatherwillreturnhome_thisyear.2).Hewillbeascientist_.3).HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned_lastterm?,attheendof,intheend,bytheendof,asif好像；似乎；仿佛。,Shewassittingthereasifnothinghadhappened.,7.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayin_.,ruins,inruins:废墟,Compare:ruin;destroy;damage,拓展：beinruins呈一片废墟bringsthtoruin使某物毁灭bringsbtoruin使某人破产,damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与tosomething连用。Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.destroy只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。Theearthquakedestroyedthewholetown.,指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指事故中的伤害,普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上，感情上的伤害,指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤,一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康，权利，事业等,Abulletinjuredhislefteye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。,Idontwanttohurtyou.我不想伤害你。,Thesoldierwaswoundedbadly.这位士兵严重受伤。,Smokingseriouslyharmedhishealth.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。,应用2(1)Therobber_himwithaknife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。(2)Thesecriticismshave_hispridedeeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。(3)Twopeoplehavebeenbadly_intheaccident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。(4)Dont_youreyesbyreadingindimlight.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。,wounded,hurt/injured,injured,harm,Theirjokes_himdeeply.Smokingwill_hishealth.Hewasslightly_inthecaraccident.Hegot_inthefighting.Whatyousaid_myfeeling.,havehurt,injure,injured,wounded,hurt,10.injure指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损伤hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上，感情上的伤害Youhurtme!wound特指战场上受伤,9shockn.U；C打击；震惊；震动；休克vt.使震惊，使惊愕beshockedat/by(doing)sth.被震惊beshockedtodosth.惧怕做某事Itshockedsb.tosee/hear.看见/听到使某人震惊。(be)ashocktosb.对某人来说是个打击,shock：n.打击；震惊，震动beashocktosb对某人是一种打击Thenewsofhiswifesdeathwasaterribleshocktohim.shockedadj.惊愕的，感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的shocking:adj.使人震惊的Hispassingtheexamwasshockingtohisparents.,即学即练4(1)Thenewsofhiswifesdeathwas_him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。(2)He_hersmoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。(3)_toseehowmyneighbourstreatedtheirchildren.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。,aterribleshockto,wasshockedat,Itshockedme,提示：shockedadj.感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shockingadj.令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物),rescue（1）n.C,U救援，营救；救援行动eg:Therescueteammadetenrescuesinaweek.（2）vt.救援，拯救，解救搭配：rescuesb/sthfrom把从（地方）解救出来eg:Theyrescuedtheboyfromtheburninghouse.,arescueteam救援队rescueworker救援人员trap（1）vt.（trapped）困住，关住，使陷入危险中搭配：betrappedin困在中eg:Thecarwastrappedinthedeepsnow.（2）n.C陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计eg:Shehadsetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.,disastern.灾难，灾祸Eg:Thefirewasagreatdisaster.拓展：atrafficdisaster一起交通事故naturaldisaster自然灾害adisasterarea灾区digout(dug)挖出，翻找出Eg:Whydidyoudigoutthoseoldmagazines?,buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏buryoneselfinstudy埋头研究buryoneselfin(doing)sth.专心致力于(做)某事beburiedinthoughts沉思buryonesfaceinoneshands双手掩面beburiedalive被活埋；隐居,.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg:她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。Shewasburiedbesideherhusbandsgrave.她双手捂着脸哭了起来。Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandcried.短语：buryoneselfin=beburiedin.专心于，埋首于bendonesmind/efforts/thoughtstodevoteoneselfto=bedevotedto专心于，献身于belostin陷入中,12.frightenvt.使惊吓，吓唬frightenedadj.受惊的，受恐吓的frighteningadj.令人恐惧的短语：befrightenedat受惊吓，见大吃一惊befrightenedofsb/sth害怕某人/某物同义词：shock近义词：surprise,congratulationn.祝贺；恭贺；贺词搭配：offer/sendonescongratulationstosbonsth因某事向某人表示祝贺Eg:Weofferedourcongratulationstohimonhissuccess.congratulatevt.祝贺搭配：congratulatesbonsth因某事祝贺某人congratulateoneselfonsth/doingsth/that暗自庆幸Eg:Iheartilycongratulatemyselfonhavingchosenagoodwomantobemywife.,6judgev.断定；判断；判决n.裁判员；法官；评判员judgementn.判断，审判，意见，判断力judgingby/from从上看，根据判断judgesb./sth.from/by.从来判断judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非asfarasIcanjudge据我判断，我认为inonesjudgemen