桃和油桃的整形修剪技术英文

MercyOlmstead,Ph.D.StonefruitExtensionSpecialist,TrainingSystemsforPeachesandNectarines,TrainingsystemdecisionsmuststartbeforeplantingKnowwhattheorchardwilllooklikewhenmatureFollowaplanTraditionalvs.NewSystemsOpenVasePerpendicular-V-focusonearlyfruitproductionandhighyieldSCRIInnovativeTechnologiesforThinningFruitTestingthinningequipmentinbothsystemsUniform“plane”offruitingareahasbeenmostsuccessful,OrchardTrainingSystems,TraditionalSystemInmanyotherlocationscantake6-8yearsfortreestofillinspacesFlorida=idealgrowingconditionswith7-8feetofgrowthperyearTreescangrowtogetherinclosespacingswithinoneyearSpacing:15x20=145trees10 x20=218treesTreestrainedto3-4scaffoldsCovereachquadranttooptimizelightinterceptionTreeheightsetat8feetOptimizeactivitieswithoutuseofladders,OpenVasetrainingSystem,Pruningyoungtrees:,Openvase,Year1,Year2,PruningTechniquesDormantPruningRemovevigorousshoots(watersprouts)ShapetreeChoosefruitingwoodThinbranchesSummerPruningReduceheightoftreeto8feetRemovedeadshootsRemovehangingshootsclosetogroundIncreaselightpenetrationtomiddleoftreeBecarefulofsunburn!Lightisveryimportanttoformflowerbudsfornextyear,OpenVase,SystemdevelopedinCaliforniaSpacing:6x18or20,dependingonprevioussystem403trees/acTreesaretrainedtotwomainscaffolds50-60degreesapartbetweenscaffoldsIfangleistoovertical(45fromvertical),scaffoldsaresunburn-proneTreeheightsetat8feetOptimizeactivitiesfromground,Perpendicular-V,Pruningyoungtrees:,Perpendicular-V,Year1,/files/datastore/391-540.pdf,Perpendicular-V,Year2,Year3+,PruningTechniquesDormantPruningRemovevigorousshoots(watersprouts)ShapetreeChoosefruitingwoodasclosetoscaffoldsaspossibleThinbranchesSummerPruningReduceheightoftreeto8feetRemovedeadshootsIncreaselightpenetrationtofruitingwoodThinshootsBecarefulofsunburnleaveafewuprightshootsinmiddleMayhavetodo2or3xwiththissystemExcessivevigorinFL,Perpendicular-V,DecisionToolsWhichsystemisrightforyourorchard?Spacingandcostconsiderations145Trees/Acvs.403Trees/Ac.15x20vs8x20IncreasedcostswithtighterspacingCostsarefixedat$11.00/tree,OrchardTrainingSYstems,LaborconsiderationsHigherdensity=higherlaborcostsThinningmorecostlyPerpendicular-VeasytoestablishandpruneMayhavetosummerprunemultipletimestomaintainsystem,OrchardtrainingSystems,/peach/orchard/peachyields.pdf,TrainingconsiderationsOpenvasesystem=longertimepertreetoprune,thin,etc.Perpendicular-V=uniformsystem,shortertimerequiredpertree/activityTreelossduetodisease,insects,etc.Inhigherdensitysystem,lossofyieldduetoresetsisminimalReturnstogrowerOverallyieldperacreishigherwithperpendicular-VWhatdoesyourmarketneed?Deliveryinbulkvs.spreadthroughoutseason,Orchardtrainingsystems,Byron,GARedglobe/GuardianTreeswerein4thleaf(2002)GrossIncomeOpenVase61.82lbsx145trees/acx$2.00/lb=$17,927/acPerpendicular-V30.93lbxx403trees/acx$2.00/lb=$24,929/ac*Subtractoutothercoststogetnetincome,Trainingsystemcasestudy,/peach/orchard/peachyields.pdf,$24,929/acgrossincome,StartsmallOpenVasehasbeensuccessfulinFLProspectivegrowersshouldminimizeinvestmentcostsTrialsforestablishedgrowersHighdensitysystem(Perpendicular-V)EstablishedstreamofincomebeforedivinginOtherconsiderationsCostSpacing(availableland?)SkilledlaborforceTrainingTreereplacementandyieldloss,Whichisrightforme?,Questions?,Gulfking,May2010,IBARootingExperiment,IBAConcentrations:0,1000,2000,4000ppmCuttingcollection2009August3(softwood)August10(softwood)August17(semihardwood)2010January20(hardwood)LateJuneJuly(2-3times)August(2-3time