雅思小作文--地图流程图ppt课件.ppt

地图与流程图MapandFlowChart,1,地图Map,地图题分两种:一种为选址题，一种为地理变迁题。,2,考察点：1方向、方位、路线、顺序的把握；2相对位置关系的描述和辨别；3表方位的词或者词组（主要是介词）的用法；4图中关键点的定位时态如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现在完成时。,3,ThemapbelowisofthetownofGarlsdon.Anewsupermarket(S)isplannedforthetown.Themapshowstwopossiblesitesforsupermarket.,1.选址型,4,5,交通不利,6,P1,ThemapshowstwoproposedlocationsforanewsupermarketforthetownofGarlsdon.Theybothhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.,7,P2,Thefirstpotentiallocation(S1)isoutsidethetownitself,andissitedjustoffthemainroadtothetownofHindon,lying12kmstothenorth-west.Thissiteisinthecountrysideandsowouldbeabletoaccommodatealotofcarparking.ThiswouldmakeitaccessibletoshoppersfrombothHindonandGarlsdonwhocouldtravelbycar.,先描述S1地理位置，再写其空间优势,8,P2,AsitisalsoclosetotherailwaylinelinkingthetwotownstoCransdon(25kmtothesouth-east),apotentiallylargenumberofshopperswouldalsobeabletotravelbytrain.Generallyspeaking,thepriceofrentisrelativelylowerincountryside,soitwillsavesomeexpendingtosomeextent.,先描述S1地理位置，再写其空间优势,9,P3,Incontrast,thesuggestedlocation,S2,isrightinthetowncentre,whichwouldbegoodforlocalresidents.Theoretically,thestorecouldbeaccessedbyroadorrailfromthesurroundingtowns,includingBransdon,butasthecentralareaisano-trafficzone,carswouldbeunabletoparkandaccesswouldbedifficult.,先描述S2地理位置，再写其空间优势及劣势,10,P4,Overall,neithersiteisappropriateforallthetowns,butforcustomersinCransdon,HindonandGarlsdon,theout-of-townsite(S1)wouldprobablyoffermoreadvantages.Whatsmore,basedonthefactorofeconomy,thedecisionofchoosingS1isreasonableforboss.,比较优劣，再做出选择,11,方位的表达,A位于B的范围内，如A位于B的东部地区ShanghaiistheeastofChinaA在B范围外，如A位于B以东JapanistheeastofChinaA在B范围外，但接壤，如A在B东面TianjinistheeastofHebeiA与B不接壤，如A在B西北部的120千米处Alies120kmthenorthwestofB,in,to,on,to,12,Mountainsareparalleltotherivers.（与平行）Thetruckistotherightofthegasstation（在的右边）Thechurchissurroundedbytrees.（被包围）Apolicemanisatthecrossing/intersection.（在十字路口）Thebankisinthetopleft-handcorneroftheresidentialzone.（在的左上角）Theplaygroundisroughlyinthemiddleoftheresidentialzone.（大概在的中间）,13,Thesupermarketisdirectlyoppositetothebusstop.（在的正对面）Thebarbersisincloseproximityto/nearby/bythesideofthehospital.（在附近）Housesareatthebottomoftheresidentialzone.（在底部）Thesupermarketishalfwaybetweenthebankandthebarbers.（在半途中）Themotorcyclistisoutsidetheresidentialzone.（在外面）Theshopisalongtheroadside.（在路边）,14,2.历史变迁型,ChorleywoodisavillagenearLondonwhosepopulationhasincreasedsteadilysincethemiddleof19thcentury.Themapbelowshowsthedevelopmentofthevillage.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingthedevelopmentofthevillage.,15,16,17,P1,ThemapshowsthegreatchangesanddevelopmentofChorleywoodvillageinGreatBritainoveraperiodof126yearsfrom1868to1994.,18,P2,Chronologically,duringthefirst15yearsfrom1868to1883,Chorleywoodwasmerelyaverysmallvillagewithonemainroadtoitswest.From1883to1922,weseethatthevillageexpandedtosouth,almosttripledtheoriginalscale.,19,P2,Besides,arailwaylinewasbuiltacrossthenewareafromwesttoeastandthereemergedtheChorleywoodStation.During1922-1970,Chorleywoodextendedbotheastwardandwestwardandalmostdoubledtheprevioussize.,20,P3,Thenduring1970-1994,thevillageaccelerateditspaceofdevelopmenteastward.Anorth-southmotorwaywasbuiltin1970astheaxis,togetherwiththealmostparalleledeast-westmainroadandrailwayastwodividinglines,cuttingthisnewareaintofiveparts.Thisnewexpansionwasalmosttwicethescaleoftheoldvillage.TheChorleywoodParkandagolfcourseseparatedtheoldandnewarea.,21,P4,Thus,weseethefastexpansionhistoryofthissmallvillageacrossaspanofover100years.,22,原有事物尺寸上变大/变小：Thesizeofthelibraryhasbeenenlarged/extended/reducedbyhalf原有事物没了：Thefarmscompletelydisappeared/wereremoved.,23,原有事物被改造：Aistransformed/reconstructed/converted/changed/turnedoverto/intoBAisreplaced/substitutedbyB=AgiveswaytoB,24,流程图(FlowChart),描述一个实物/器具的工作过程：特点：基本不会出现数据，文字信息占主要位置描述为主，进行比较的机会较少,25,流程图写作要素,1流程图的信息比数字图表更零散，看图时必须更加仔细，不能溜掉任何一个细节。2流程图里面有生词很正常，如果不认识只要搬过来用即可，一般不影响写作。3表示顺序的连词或词组一定要多用。Atfirst=initially=inthefirststageThen=inthenextstep=afterthatAtthisstage/step/pointFinally=eventually4.如果流程特别复杂，一定要合并成几大步来写。5流程图写作多用被动语态。,26,Example1.,Thediagrambelowindicatestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.,27,28,P1,Thisdiagramillustratestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.Thewholeprocessisacyclewhichcanbedividedintothreemainstages.,29,P2,Inthefirststage,usedbottlesarecollectedatarecyclingpointreadytobetransportedbyatruck.Thesecondstagestartsinacleaningplant,wheretheserecycledbottlesaresortedbycolorintogreen,brownandclearonesandwashedbyhigh-pressurisedwater.Whenthecleaningisdone,thebottlesareconveyedtoaglassfactorywheretheyarecutintoglasspieceswhicharethenpouredintoafurnace.,30,P3,Afterbeingheatedinthefurnace,thebrokenglassesaremeltedintoliquid,whichflowsintoaglassmold.Herenewglassliquidisaddedandthemoldingprocesstakesplace.Inthefinalstage,new,emptybottlesarefilledwithliquid,thenpackedanddespatchedtothesupermarketreadytobepickedbyconsumers.Atthispoint,acyclehasbeencompletedandanewcyclewillbegin.,31,Thediagrambelowshowsthelifecycleofthesilkwormandthestagesintheproductionofsilkcloth.,Example2.,32,33,P1,Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.,34,P2,Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.,35,P3,Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleproces