London By William Blake 作品赏析 ppt课件

WilliamBlake布莱克,LifeandLiteraryCareer(1757-1827),Engraver,painter,printerandpoetAtage4,hadavisionofGod,latersawatreefullofangelsWenttoadrawingschoolat10,thusbeganhiscareerasanartistStartedwritingpoetryinhisteens(12)Amanofsharpperception,originalthinking,exceptionalboldness,contemptforreason,deepconcernwiththeRevolution,Works,Blakespoetrylargelydividedinto2groups:lyricalpoems:“PoeticalSketches”(poetryofages12-20),“SongsofInnocence”,“SongsofExperience”propheticpoems:“VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion”,“America”,“TheFrenchRevolution”,“Jerusalem”,“TheBookofLos”,“TheBookofUrizen”,“TheMarriageofHeavenandHell”,SongsofInnocence(1789)天真之歌,Purpose:“AndImadearuralpen,/AndIstainedthewaterclear,/AndIwrotemyhappysongs,/Everychildmayjoytohear.”(“Introduction”)Designedtopublishforchildren,insimplelanguageachildcanunderstand,depictingachildsdelightintheharmonyofnatureandpeople(withillustrationsofhisown)Strange,simplebeautybothinthemesandinlanguageandinverseformandrhythm,Somesongsfrom“Innocence”:“TheEchoingGreen”,“TheLamb”,“TheLittleBlackBoy”,“TheLittleBoyLost”,“TheLittleBoyFound”,“NursesSong”,“TheChimneySweeper”,“InfantJoy”-descriptionofthehappyconditionofachildbeforeheknowsthepainsofexistence,optimistic,hopeful,openandresilientinfaceofwrongs,SongsofExperience(1794)经验之歌,Presentingaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy,sometimesbittertoneExperiencebringingafullersenseofevil,joyreplacedbybitternessAmixtureofthesimpleandthechildlikewiththeseriousandthethoughtfulinvoice,Somesongsfrom“Experience”“London”,“TheChimneySweeper”,“ALittleBoyLost”,“ALittleGirlLost”,“InfantSorrow”,“APoisonTree”,“TheSickRose”,“NursesSong”Changeofvoiceintobitternessandanger,moreconcernaboutsocialillsandhumanweakness,expositionoftyrannyinreligionandpatriarchy,SongsofInnocenceandExperience,Depicting“twocontrarystatesofthehumansoul”:thepresentationoftheworldiscolored/prejudicedbythestateofmindofthespeakerPoemsintwocollectionswellpairedoff:“TheLamb”/“TheTiger”,“TheDivineImage”/“TheHumanAbstract”,“TheChimneySweeper”/“TheChimneySweeper”,“TheNursesSongs”,Significance,AprecursorofRomanticisminEnglishpoetryAninnovativepoetandthinker(mystic)Strongoppositiontorationalismandtyrannyofallforms,emphasisonintuitionandimaginationAnundauntedrevolutionary,London,WilliamBlake,Whatdoyouknowaboutthepoemfromthetitle?,ItisapoemaboutLondon,thecityandpeopleinLondon.,Whatisthelocationofthepoem,countrysideorcity?,Thespeakerisnotthepiping,pastoralbardoftheearlierpoem:heisinthecity.Thepoemstitledenotesaspecificgeographicspace,notthearchetypallocalesinwhichmanyoftheotherSongsareset.,Thefirstquatrain,Iwanderedthrougheachcharteredstreet,NearwherethecharteredThamesdoesflow,AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe,Whatisthespeakerdoing?,ThespeakerwandersthroughthestreetsofLondonandcommentsonhisobservations.,Whatisthemeaningof“chartered”?,charter:n.awrittenstatementdescribingtherightsthataparticulargroupofpeopleshouldhave.(宪章)Charter:v.tostateofficiallythataneworganization,townoruniversityhasbeenestablishedandhasspecialrightsandprivileges.(特许设立),WeknowthattherearecharteredcompaniesatthetimewhenBlakewrotethispoem.ButwhywastheriverThameschartered?,Everythinginthisurbanspace-eventhenaturalRiverThames-submitstobeing“chartered”,atermwhichcombinesmappingandlegalism.Blakesrepetitionofthiswordreinforcesthesenseofrestrictionthespeakerfeelsuponenteringthecity.,Besidestheword“chartered”,canyoufindotherrepetitionsinthepoem?Howdoyouunderstandthem?,Itisasiflanguageitself,thepoetsmedium,experiencesahemming-in,arestrictionofresources.Blakesrepetition,thuddingandoppressive,reflectsthesuffocatingatmosphereofthecity.,Butwordsalsoundergotransformationwithinthisrepetition:thus“mark”,betweenthethirdandfourthlines,changesfromaverbtoapairofnouns-fromanactofobservationwhichleavessomeroomforimaginativeelaboration,toanindelibleimprint,brandingthepeoplesbodiesregardlessofthespeakersactions.,Repetitionisthemoststrikingformalfeatureofthepoem,anditservestoemphasizetheprevalenceofthehorrorsthespeakerdescribes.,Thesecondquatrain,IneverycryofeveryMan,Ineveryinfantscryoffear,Ineveryvoice,ineveryban,Themind-forgedmanaclesIhear.,ban:cursemind-forgedmanacles:restraintsforgedforthemind,Thethirdquatrain,HowthechimneysweeperscryEveryblackeningChurchappalls;AndthehaplessSoldierssighRunsinblooddownpalacewalls.,blackening:thewallofthechurchwasblackenedbythesmoke.hapless:unlucky,TheChimneySweeper,Alittleblackthingamongthesnow,Cryingweep!weep!innotesofwoe!Wherearethyfatherandmother,say?Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmiledamongthewinterssnow,Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.AndbecauseIamhappyanddanceandsing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGodandhisPriestandKing,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery.,Howdoesthespeakerpresent/describeLondon?,HepresentsLondonthroughhisobservation:sightandhearing.,WhatisthespeakerseeingandhearinginLondon?,Heseesdespairinthefacesofthepeoplehemeetsandhearsfearandrepressionintheirvoices.ThewoefulcryofthechimneysweeperstandasacriticismtotheChurch,andthebloodofasoldierstainstheouterwallsofthemonarchsresidence.Thenighttimeholdsnothingmorepromising:thecursingofprostitutecorruptsthenewborninfantandsulliesthe“marriagehearse”.,WhoarethepeopleofLondonthatBlakedescribes?,Men,infants,chimney-sweeper,soldier,harlot.,Dotheyhaveanythingincommon?,Theyaresufferingfromamiserablelife.,Howaretheydescribed?,Ironically,thespeakers“meeting”withthesemarksrepresentstheexperienceclosesttoahumanencounterthatthepoemwillofferthespeaker.Allthespeakerssubjectsareknownonlythroughthetracestheyleavebehind:theubiquitouscries,thebloodonthepalacewalls.Signsofhumansufferingabound,butacompletehumanformislacking.,Inthethirdstanzathecryofthechimney-sweeperandthesighofthesoldiermetamorphoseintosootonchurchwallsandbloodonpalacewalls-butweneverseethechimney-sweeperorthesoldierthemselves.,Likewise,institutionsofpower-theclergy,thegovernment-arerenderedbysynecdoche,bymentionoftheplacesinwhichtheyreside.,Synecdoche:提喻法，以局部代整体或以整体代局部、以特殊代表一般会以一般代表特殊。如：handsstandsforpersons,aSolomonstandsforawiseman,Indeed,itiscrucialtoBlakescommentarythatneitherthecitysvictimsnottheiroppressorseverappearinbody:Blakedoesnotsimplyblameasetofinstitutionorasystemofenslavementforthecityswoes;rather,thevictimshelptomaketheirown“mind-forgedmanacle,”morepowerfulthanmaterialchainscouldeverbe.,Theforthquatrain,ButmostthroughmidnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlotscurseBlaststhenewbornInfantstear,AndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse.,Thepoemclimaxesatthemomentwh