Halloween万圣节 (2)

Halloween,InWesterncountries,theannualOctober31,theresHalloween,dictionariesinterpretedasTheeveofAllSaintsDay,Englishtranslation:Halloweennight.WithregardtoHalloween,peoplearemoreorlesshaveacertainamountofemotionalawareness:knowthatHalloween,manypublicplaces,andevenathomecourtyard,willbearrangedinmanydecoration,suchasthevarioustypesofghostsah,pumpkinlightsYeah,thereareblackaswellasthewitchsbroomandthelike;kidswearingdifferentHalloweencostumeseveryyear,carryingabaskettoputpumpkinlightsfromhousetohousetodiscusssugar,saidtobetrickortreak.Inaddition,youwanttoknowmoreaboutsome?HerewebrieflyoutlinetheoriginsandcustomsofHalloween.,First,theoriginofHalloween,WithregardtotheoriginofHalloween,thelargestversionofthelegendthatitwasbeforethebirthofChristfromtheancientWesternEuropeancountries,mainlyincludingIreland,ScotlandandWales.ThisisafewWesternEuropeansoftheancientpeoplecalledtheDruids.DruidsoftheNewYearintheNovember1,NewYearsEve,Drewettyoungpeoplewhosetteam,wearingallkindsofweirdmasksandcarryingcarvedturnipsagoodlight(thelatterpartoftheDepartmentofpumpkinlightscustoms,theancientWesternEuropefirstthereisnopumpkin),theywalkinthevillagesbetween.Thiswasactuallyakindofharvestcelebration;alsosaidtobeHalloween,legendofthosewhodiedthatyear,thesoulwillbetheeveofHalloweenvisittodeath,theysaidthatpeopleshouldbeallowedtovisittheghosttoseetheghostofasuccessfulharvestandtorenderabundanthospitality.Allbonfireandlights,onehandinordertoscareawaytheghost,butalsoilluminatestheroadfortheghoststoguidetheirreturn.,InmedievalEurope,therehadbeenthehistoryofChristianitytodestroyinfidels.However,beforetheNewYearsEvecelebrationworshipneverreallyremoved,butintheformofwitchcraft.ThisiswhywearenowHalloween,butarealsoleftwitchsbrooms,blackcats,spellsandothertraces,关于万圣节由来的传说另一种版本认为，那是源于基督诞生前的古西欧国家，主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士。这几处的古西欧人叫德鲁伊特人。德鲁伊特的新年在11月1日，新年前夜，德鲁伊特人让年轻人集队，戴着各种怪异面具，拎着刻好的萝卜灯（南瓜灯系后期习俗，古西欧最早没有南瓜），他们游走于村落间。这在当时实则为一种秋收的庆典；也有说是“鬼节”，传说当年死去的人，灵魂会在万圣节的前夜造访人世，据说人们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰盛的款待。所有篝火及灯火，一来为了吓走鬼魂，同时也为鬼魂照亮路线，引导其回归。在中世纪的中欧，曾有过基督教摧毁异教徒的历史。可是新年夜前的祭祀庆典从未真正消除，不过以巫术的形式出现。这也就是为什么我们现在的万圣节里，还留有巫婆的扫帚、黑猫、咒语等痕迹。,两千多年前，欧洲的天主教会把月日定为“天下圣徒之日”(ALLHALLOWSDAY)。“HALLOW”即圣徒之意。传说自公元前五百年，居住在爱尔兰、苏格兰等地的凯尔特人(CELTS)把这节日往前移了一天，即10月31日。他们认为该日是夏天正式结束的日子，也就是新年伊始，严酷的冬季开始的一天。那时人们相信，故人的亡魂会在这一天回到故居地在活人身上找寻生灵，借此再生，而且这是人在死后能获得再生的唯一希望。而活着的人则惧怕死魂来夺生，于是人们就在这一天熄掉炉火、烛光，让死魂无法找寻活人，又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂灵吓走。之后，他们又会把火种烛光重新燃起，开始新的一年的生活。传说那时凯尔特人部落还有在10月31日把活人杀死用以祭奠死人的习俗。到了公元1世纪，占领了凯尔特部落领地的罗马人也渐渐接受了万圣节习俗，但从此废止了烧活人祭死人的野蛮做法。罗马人庆祝丰收的节日与凯尔特人仪式结合，戴着可怕的面具，打扮成动物或鬼怪，则是为了赶走在他们四周游荡的妖魔。这也就是今天全球大部分人以古灵精怪的打扮，来庆祝万圣节的由来。时间流逝，万圣节的意义逐渐起了变化，变得积极快乐起来，喜庆的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的说法也渐渐被摒弃和忘却。到了今天，象征万圣节的形象、图画如巫婆、黑猫等，大都有友善可爱和滑稽的脸。,3,Trickortreatlegend:Today,thekidswenthousetohousetodressthecustomofsugarissaidtooriginatedinIreland.IrishpaganancienttimesinWesternEuropewhobelievethatHalloweenwillbeclusteredatthehomeneartheghostandacceptabanquet.Thus,inthebanquetaftervillagerswoulddressuptheghostofthewizard,walkoutsidethevillagetoguideghostsawayfromeviltoavoiddisaster.Meanwhile,thevillagersalsonotethatthefrontyardafterthehouseatthemercyofsomefruitsandotherfood,feedtheghostwithoutalienatingthemenoughtohurthumansandanimals,orexploitationofothercrops.Later,thiscustomhascontinueddown,itbecomesalaughatthekidscannotbegeneroushousejoke.Asforthepumpkinlightsatleasttwodifferentways.Manhollowingoutapumpkinisalsoengravedwithafacepoint,theghostofthecandleusedtodisperse;Anotherpointistheghostofthecandle,tryingtocheatthepeopletakeninandfollowtheghosttogo,sopeopleonthesurfaceofthepumpkinengravedwithamockeryofthefacetomakefunoftheghost:Humph!Youwouldonafoolstrap.LegendbecausethefirstistheonewiththepumpkinIrishJack,sopeopleturngrimacepumpkinlightiscalledJack-O-Lantern.,4,thepresentHalloweenHalloweenspreadtothisdaydonothavethecolorofreligioussuperstition,itbecameachildrensprogram,butalsoyoungpeoplemasqueradeprograms.Communitytothefestivalsactivitieshavealsobeendoingpositiveguidance:requiresadultstoteachchildrennotdothreateninghoax,alsorequiresadultstogooutwiththekids(usuallyadultsandcarsparkedontheroadside,childrengotoknockonthedoordiscusssugar).Adultsshouldrequirethatchildrenbeallowedtogotothedoor,andapointofholidaylightsdecoratedthefamilieswho,otherwise,donotdisturb.Alsodiscusstheprocessofsugarmustalwaysbestandingatthedoortowait,notallowedtoenteredtheroom,torecoverthesugarbutalsochecktheNationalChiaoTungUniversitywhoeatbeforeXu.Childreninhostfamiliesarealsoaskednottoproducetheirownfoodnortonon-packagedfood.Publicplaces,aswellasathomearoundtheholidayarrangementsarevoluntary.Grimacepumpkinlights,whiteandblackspidernets,whicharealldecoratedwithholidayhascompletelywithoutfrighteningtheghostcolor.Somefemalestudentshaveobviousreasonstobuyatthistimewouldbeapairofpumpkinoraghostskullearringstowear.Whichlayoutdoifthereistoomuchhorror,andwouldbesubjectedtothepartiesconcernedtostopthemediaexposurewillmakeitsothatthepublicblame.,ThecustomofHalloweenwasbroughttoAmericainthe1840sbyIrishimmigrantsfleeingtheircountryspotatofamine.Atthattime,thefavoritepranksinNewEnglandincludedtippingoverouthousesandunhingingfencegates.TheHalloweenwecelebratetodayincludesalloftheseinfluences,PomonaDaysapples,nuts,andharvest,theFestivalofSamhainsblackcats,magic,evilspiritsanddeath,andtheghosts,skeletonsandskullsfromAllSaintsDayandAllSoulsDay.Thecustomoftrick-or-treatingisthoughttohaveoriginatednotwiththeIrishCelts,butwithaninth-centuryEuropeancustomcalledsouling.OnNovember2,AllSoulsDay,earlyChristianswouldwalkfromvillagetovillagebeggingforsoulcakes,madeoutofsquarepiecesofbreadwithcurrants.,A:Themoresoulcakesthebeggarswouldreceive,themoreprayerstheywouldpromisetosayonbehalfofthedeadrelativesofthedonors.Atthetime,itwasbelievedthatthedeadremainedinlimboforatimeafterdeath,andthatprayer,evenbystrangers,couldexpediteasoulspassagetoheaven孩子们今天着装挨家要糖的习俗，也就是我们所说的TrickorTreat，据说起源于爱尔兰。古西欧时候的爱尔兰异教徒们，相信在万圣节前夜，鬼魂会群集于居家附近，并接受设宴款待。因而，在“宴会”结束后，村民们就自己扮成鬼魂精灵，游走村外，引导鬼魂离开，避邪免灾。于此同时，村民们也都注意在屋前院后的摆布些水果及其他食品，喂足鬼魂而不至于让它们伤害人类和动物或者掠夺其他收成。后来这习俗一直延续下来，就成了孩子们开的玩笑。,南瓜灯Jack-o-lanternTheJack-o-lanterncustomprobablycomesfromIrishfolklore.Asthetaleistold,amannamedJack,whowasnotoriousasadrunkardandtrickster,trickedSatanintoclimbingatree.Jackthencarvedanimageofacrossinthetreestrunk,trappingthedevilupthetree.Jackmadeadealwiththedevilthat,ifhewouldnevertempthimagain,hewouldpromisetolethimdownthetree.Accordingtothefolktale,afterJackdied,hewasdeniedentrancetoHeavenbecauseofhisevilways,buthewasalsodeniedaccesstoHellbecausehehadtrickedthedevil.Instead,thedevilgavehimasingleembertolighthiswaythroughthefrigiddarkness.Theemberwasplacedinsideahollowed-outturniptokeepitglowinglonger.TheIrishusedturnipsastheirJackslanternsoriginally.ButwhentheimmigrantscametoAmerica,theyfoundthatpumpkinswerefarmoreplentifulthanturnips.SotheJack-O-LanterninAmericawasahollowed-outpumpkin,litwithanember.So,althoughsomecultsmayhaveadoptedHalloweenastheirfavoriteholiday,thedayitselfdidnotgrowoutofevilpractices.ItgrewoutoftheritualsofCeltscelebratinganewyear,andoutofMedievalprayerritualsofEuropeans.Andtoday,evenmanychurcheshaveHalloweenpartiesorpumpkincarvingeventsforthekids.Afterall,thedayitselfisonlyasevilasonecarestomakeit.,至于南瓜灯，Jack-o-lantern，也有一个传说，吝啬的爱尔兰酒鬼JACK骗魔鬼爬进了苹果树的树洞，然后迅速在树干上刻了一个神圣的十字，困住了魔鬼。JACK逼着魔鬼起誓永远不再追索、或以任何其它方式谋取他的灵魂，才把魔鬼放了出来。然而这却挡不住死亡的来临。JACK死后，由于酗酒、吝啬和欺诈，他未被允许进入天堂。而由于魔鬼的誓言，JACK也不能进入地狱。“那么我去哪里呢？”JACK不知所措地问。“哪儿来的回哪儿去！”魔鬼恶狠狠地回答。回去的路冷风四起，黑暗无边。魔鬼从地狱之火拣了一块烧得通红的火炭扔给他。为了照路又不被风吹灭，JACK将火炭放进了他手里拿着的大头菜中。JACK就这样举着他的“灯笼”寻找自己在地球上的存身之处。后来苏格兰人模仿他，挖空大头菜，放入蜡烛做灯笼；爱尔兰人用大头菜也用土豆；英格兰人则用甜菜。后来他们移民到美