《配置IP地址》PPT课件

,配置IP地址,完成本章的学习后,您可以完成下面的任务:分配IP地址,区分地址级别,网络部分和主机部分给定IP地址和子网掩码,计算相应的子网根据给定的网络地址和子网掩码配置IP地址把主机名和一个IP地址做一个映射利用网络工具发现网络中路由器的IP地址,目标,TCP/IP地址概述,唯一的地址分配机制保证通讯的可靠性根据所处的位置选择路径用地址代表网络设备所处的位置,TCP/IP地址入门,UNIX主机,UNIX主机,公司A,公司B,地址分配,ClassA:ClassB:ClassC:ClassD:用于组播(multicast)ClassE:用于研究,N=网络号H=主机号,IP地址分配,不同IP地址Bit位的区别,识别IP地址的类别,HighOrderBits,OctetinDecimal,AddressClass,010110,1-126128-191192-223,ABC,练习:IP地址的级别,Address,Class,Network,Host,,00,4,,6,20,练习答案:IP地址的级别,配置IP地址,主机地址,,0,2,IP:,,1,18,IP:,E0,E1,172.16,12,12,Network,Host,.,.,Network,Interface,,E0E1,RoutingTable,Network,,无子网时的地址分配,Network,有子网时的地址分配,,,,,子网地址,00,,60,IP:,,00,50,IP:,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,Network,Host,.,.,Network,Interface,,E0E1,NewRoutingTable,Subnet,子网掩码,IP地址的二进制和十进制表示法的对应关系,练习:子网掩码,Address,SubnetMask,Class,Subnet,0,0,2,,,,练习(答案):子网掩码,规划IP子网,Othersubnets,20subnets5hostspersubnetClassCaddress:,6,2,8,IPHostAddress:20SubnetMask:,SubnetAddress=HostAddresses=-54BroadcastAddress=55Eightbitsofsubnetting,Network,Subnet,Host,172,16,2,0,20:,:,10101100,11111111,Subnet:,10101100,00010000,00010000,11111111,00000010,00000010,11111111,01111001,00000000,00000000,B类子网规划举例,IPHostAddress:21SubnetMask:48,Network,Subnet,Host,201,222,5,120,21:,11001001,11111111,Subnet:,11001001,11011110,11011110,11111111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111001,11111000,01111000,48:,C类子网规划举例,SubnetAddress=20HostAddresses=21-026BroadcastAddress=27FiveBitsofSubnetting,广播地址,,,,,55(Directedbroadcast),55(Localnetworkbroadcast),X,练习:广播地址,Address,Class,Subnet,Broadcast,0,48,SubnetMask,,,3,52,7,28,练习(答案):广播地址,地址子网化的例子,CiscoA,CiscoB,E0,S0,E0,S0,To0,CiscoA,E0:S0:,S0:E0:To0:,CiscoB,Mask,,Subnet,,,Mask,Subnet,,配置IP地址,Router(config-if)#,分配一个IP地址和子网掩码在端口上运行IP进程,ipaddressip-addresssubnet-mask,Router(config-line)#,ipnetmask-formatbitcount|decimal|hexadecimal,在端口配置模式下配置网络地址的表示格式,Router#,termipnetmask-formatbitcount|decimal|hexadecimal,配置网络地址的表示格式,Router(config)#,给主机名静态的指定一个IP地址可以有多个IP地址与主机名对应,主机名,iphostnametcp-port-numberaddressaddress,iphostP1RiphostP1R,指定一个或多个主机提供从主机名到逻辑地址的映射服务,Router(config)#,配置名字服务器,ipname-serverserver-address1server-address2.server-address6,路由器缺省启用DNS服务关闭名字服务,Router(config)#,Router(config)#,名字系统,ipdomain-lookup,noipdomain-lookup,显示主机名,Router#showhostsDefaultdomainisnotsetName/addresslookupusesstaticmappingsHostFlagsAgeTypeAddress(es)P1R1(perm,OK)5IP00P2R1(perm,OK)5IP01P2R2(perm,OK)*IP007P2R3(perm,OK)*IP1-More-,检验配置的地址,Application,Transport,Internet,NetworkInterface,Hardware,Telnet,ICMP,trace,ping,Application,Transport,Internet,NetworkInterface,Hardware,Telnet,ICMP,trace,telnet,trace,检查IP网络的连通性,简化的Ping,RouterpingTypeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2seconds:.!Successrateis80percent,round-tripmin/avg/max=6/6/6msRouter,很多协议都支持ping,扩展的Ping,Router#pingProtocolip:TargetIPaddress:62Repeatcount5:Datagramsize100:Timeoutinseconds2:Extendedcommandsn:ySourceaddress:Typeofservice0:SetDFbitinIPheader?no:yesDatapattern0 xABCD:Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbosenone:Sweeprangeofsizesn:Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto62,timeoutis2seconds:!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=24/26/28msRouter#,显示从源到目的所有经过端口的IP地址,IPTrace,Router#Typeescapesequencetoabort.T(3)1()1000msec8msec4msec2barrnet-()8(25)8msec4msec4msec4(131.119.254