marrakech课文内容解析

6.Howisthetexttobedivided?,1)Para.1-3:theburialofthepoorinhabitants2)Para.4-7:anArabNavvybeggingforbread3)Para.8-15:themiserablelivesoftheJews4)Para.16-18:cultivationofthepoorsoil5)Para19-21:theoldwomencarryingfirewood6)Para22-26:degradation/humblenessofthenativepeople,Deatialedstudyofthetext,Paragraph1,WhatdoyouthinkoftheauthorschoiceofthesceneandthewordsinPara.1?Whatcanwelearn?Theauthorschoiceofadramaticsceneandthesimplewordsimpliesmuchmorethanwhatappearsonthesurface.Wecanseepovertyoftheplaceandunsanitaryconditionofthecity1)dirty2)poor,Paragraph1,inacloud:alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasamass.一团e.g.acloudoflocusts/insects那些汽车在滚滚尘埃中启动了。Thecarssetoffinacloudofdust.,Paragraph2,WhatcanwelearnbyreadingPara.2?HowdeadpeopleareburiedinMarrakech.-Avividpictureofthepovertyoftheplace.Howdoestheauthorpresentthepicture?Throughafewstrokesofhismaster-pen-mournerswailingachant,corpseswrappedinapieceofrag,carriedonaroughwoodenbier,friendshackingashallowhole,dumpingthebodyinit,flingingsomedried-upearthoverit,nogravestoneThefactshowsthehumanlifehasnovalueatall.,Paragraph2,HowdoyouthinkoftheuseofsomewordsinPara.2?Theuseofwordslike“theflies”,“apieceofrag”,“roughwoodenbier”,repeatsforcefullythethemeofPara.1.Theuseofwordslike“hack,dump,fling,nogravestone,noname,noidentifyingmark,”indicatestheunceremoniouswayinwhichafuneraliscarriedout.InapoorcountrylikeMorocco,lifeischeap.,Para.2,Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.Theburying-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.,Crowd,Itsuggests1)thelackoforder2)peoplearenotterriblyconcernedaboutthefuneral.,allmenandboys,nowomen,AccordingtoMuslimlaw,Muslimsmustrespectwomen,andforthisreasongirlsandwomenusedtobekeptinthehouse,wheretheycouldbesafe.Whentheywentout,theyworetheveilstocovertheirfaces.Butthislawhasbecomeakindofexcusetodiscriminateagainstwomen.,Paragraph3,WhatisthethemeofPara.3?Heexposestheevilsofimperialism.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact.Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings).Itisthecolonialempiresthatmakethepeoplesopoor.Empiresarebuiltupbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals.Thisthesisisgoingtobesupportedbymoreillustrationsandexamples.,Howdoestheauthorachievehispurpose?,Inacoolobjectivemannerinsteadofapreachy(说教的)andpropagandisticstyle.Neverthelessthereadercanseehisoutrageatthemiseryandsuffering.,Paragraph3,Howcanyouseehiscoolmanneranduncontrollableoutrage?Wecanseetheformerfromthestatementshemakesandthelatterfromastringofrhetoricalquestionsandbothfromhisuseofwords.,theragstheystandupin:theragswhichtheyarewearingastheystandthere,Undifferentiated:Youcantdifferentiateonebrownstufffromanother,becausetheylookjustthesame.Iftheydohaveindividuality,itisirrecognizable,justlikeinsects,likebees.,TheyriseoutofthegraveyardTheyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.breakyourway:forceyourwayorpickyourway(becauseofthedensegrowthofthepricklypear),Para.3,pricklypear:akindofcactuscoveredwithprickleshavingapear-shapedfruit(仙人掌果)Whenoutforawalkpickingyourwaythroughthepricklypear,youmightfindthatthegroundisbumpy.Yourealizethatyouarewalkingoverskeletons.Youknowtheyaregravesonlybecausethebumpsappearinanevenpattern.,Paragraph3,WhatisthetenseusedinthisPara.?Whatdoesitmean?Thesituationdescribedstillexists.,Para.5,mintsauce:anEnglishspecialitymadeofacombinationofchoppedmintleaves,vinegar,andwater.Itstraditionallyservedwithroastlamb.Assoonasyoulookatthehindlegsofthegazelles,youwillthinkofthedeliciousmintsaucethatyouwouldwanttodipitinwheneatingit.,Paragraph7,Whatcanyoulearnfromtheemployeessituation?Orwhatistheauthorsintentionbehindthesentence“Thismanisanemployeeofthemunicipality”?Thepovertyofthepeople.Evenanemployedlaborergoesstarving,soyoucanimagineforyourselftheplightofthepoorerpeople.,stow,toput,hideawayinsafeplaceIfyoustowsth.somewhere,youputitneatlyawayinaplacewhereitcanbekeptuntilitisneeded.=storestowaway=hide,stow,Westowedalltheboxesintheattic.Potatoesmustbestowedinacooldarkplace.Myjewelleryissafelystowedawayinthebank.Hisbaggagewassafelystowedawayintheplane.,Paragraphs8-15,WhatisthemainideaofPara.8-15?TheplightoftheJews,anoppressedminorityinacolonialcountry.Theirfatecouldbeworsethanthatofthenatives.Howdoestheauthorrealizehisidea?BydescribingJewscrowdedandunsanitarylivingcircumstances,badworkingconditions,frenziedrushandclamorforacigarette,andthenativeshostileattitudetotheJews.,Para.8,Quartersapartment(room/house)residentialareaforparticularkindofpeoplethedoctorsquartersservantsquartersofficersquarterssleepingquartersconfinedtoquarters,Para.8,ghettoesorghettos:Aghettoisapartofatownorcityinwhichmanypoorpeopleormanypeopleofaparticularrace,religion,ornationalityliveinisolationfromthemajoritygroupinthetownorcity.OrwellusesghettoshereinthetraditionalsenseofaportionofacitypopulatedalmostexclusivelybyJews.Aghettoalsoimpliesthatthepeopleinitarerestrictedonlytothatareaandarenotpermittedtoliveelsewhere.,sore-eyed,Eyesareinfectedfrom1.malnutrition2.lackofmedicalcare3.unhygieniccondition,Para.9,Infest(oftenfollowedbywithorusedincombination)Wheninsects,ratsorotheranimalsinfestaplant,area,theyspreadinalargenumbersandcoverthearea,usuallycausingdamage.overrun;swarm;pack;crowd;teem;flood;fill;bethickwithThebackyardwasinfestedwithrats.watersinfestedwithsharks,Infest,usedwithsomenounstomakeadjectivesmeaningfullofsomethingharmfulorunpleasant:arat-infestedhouseacrime-infestedcityshark-infestedwatersfly-infested-fullofflies,Paragraph9,Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.warp:bend,curve,ortwistoutofshapeThehotsunwarpedtheboards.Somegramophonerecordswarpinveryhotweather.,Para.9,thanksto.outofshapeBecauseofsittinginafixedpositionovertheyearsandbecauseofusinghisleftfoottocontrolthechiselwhileturningchair-legs,hisleftleghasbecomedeformed.,Para.10,frenziedadj.fullofuncontrolledexcitementWillthispushhimtoofarandleadtoafrenziedattack?(疯狂攻击）Shewasclimbingnowwithasortoffrenziedhaste.（她这时带着一股疯狂劲头快速向上攀登）afrenziedmobofoverathousandbeggars（狂乱暴徒）makefrenziedefforts(拼命挣扎),self-contained-,selfsufficientAself-containedcommunityisoneinwhichallornearlyalltheneedsofthecommunityaremetfromwithin.Thereislittleneedtogooutsideformaterialorculturaldesires.TheJewishghettosareself-containednotonlybypreferencebutalsobynecessity,sinceJewsmayhavebeenunwelcomeoutside.,self-contained,1a:completeinitself:INDEPENDENTb:BUILT-IN2a:showingself-controlb:formalandreservedinmanner,Paragraph11,Itsagoodjob(colloquialBrE.)Itsagoodthing(AmE.):Itisafortunatestateofaffairs,itisfortunate.Itisagoodjob/thingithappenedhereratherthanontheopenroad.,AgoodjobHitlerwasnthere,ItwasluckyfortheJewsthatHitlerhadnotcometothisplace.Ifhehad,theJewswouldhavebeenexterminatedastheywereinPolandandotherEuropeancountries.,Thatsonlyforshow!,TheJewonlypretendstoworkasapoorlabourer.show-n.sthfalseorsuperficial,pretenceHispublicexpressionsofgriefarenothingbutshow.他公开表示悲痛只不过是做做样子而已.他的自我批评不是摆样子的。Hisself-criticismwasnotmadeforshow.asquaremeal:adecentsubstantialmeal,punishmentsforbeingawitch,HangingwasthemostpopularinAmerica.InEurope,mostpeopleaccusedofwitchcraftwereburnedatthestake.Therewereseveraloddpunishments,suchasbeingpressedtodeath,(havinglargestonesplacedonthechesttowithdrawaconfession),peopleweretiedupandthrownintolakes,(iftheyfloatedtheywereawitch,iftheydidnttheywereinnocent,butdrownedanyway),theyweretorturedwithhotirons,(mainlytothebottomsofthefeet),theywerestretched,hungupsidedown,stuckwithneedles,andshovedinironmaidens.,Witcheswereeventorturedintheirdeaths,notaffordedaquickandsanitarydemise,themajorityofwitcheswereburntatthestake,thoughagreatmanywerestrangledorgarrotedbeforeburning.Thistorturousdeath,inBritain,wasusedonlyforwomenwhocommittedoneofthetwomostunforgivableacts,treasonorwitchcraft.,InhisSalemWitchcraft,W.F.PooleestimatesthedeathtollofwitchesinEuropeduringthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturiesisabout200,000.Thewitchhuntsweresorampant,MontagueSummersreportsinhisGeographyofWitchcraft,Intheyear1586thedioceseofTrierwassoscouredandpurgedofsorcerersandwitchesthatintwovillagesonlytwowomenwereleftalive.,Witchcraft,Orwellisprobablyreferringtomanyoccasionsinthe1600sinbothEnglandandAmericawheninnocentwomenweretriedandoftenburnedorotherwisepunishedforwitchcraft.Bytheverynatureofthechargeitwasimpossiblefortheaccusedtodefendherself,justasitwasfortheJews.AndliketheJews,witchesservedasscapegoatsfortheillsofsocietythatcouldntbeexplained.SuchtrialsreachedtheirpeakinAmericaatSalem,Massachusetts.,Injustthesamewayasquaremeal,Jewswerenowbeingcondemnedbyprejudiceandignoranceassomepooroldwomenwhocouldnotevengetthemselvesadecentmealwerecondemnedandburnedforwitchcraft.,Paragraphs16-18,WhatisdescribedinPara16-18?ThehardworkingbutinvisiblepeopleanddifficultcultivationofthepoorsoilWhattonedoestheauthoruseinPara16and17?Bitterandironic.Insteadofopenlyblamingthewhitecolonialistswhodonotpaytheleastattentiontothepeoplewhosufferfrompovertyandhungerandmisery,hepretendsthattheyhaveasoundreasontoignoresuchpeoplewhosimplycannotbeseenbecausetheyareofthecolorofearth.,Inahotcountry,Youdontevenseethelabourerploughingthefield.SouthofGibralter-allcountriesorareainNorthAfricaEastofSuez-themiddle-eastAsiancountrieschancesare:itislikelythat;inallprobability;probably大概是,很可能是Chancesareshesalreadyheardthenews.可能她已经知道这消息了。很可能她要来.Thechancesarethatshellbecoming.,InatropicallandscapeoneseyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeingsIfyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.,Para.17,Itisonlybecauseofthis“This”herestandsforthefactthatpeoplealwaysmissthepeasantslabouringinthefieldsbecausetheyhavethecolouroftheearth.Itisonlybecauseofthisreasonthatthesepoorstarvedcountriesareacceptedastouristresorts.,Paragraph17,NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas:Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas(forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting),WhatdoesMoroccomean.,MoroccobeingaFrenchcolony,tomanyFrenchmenMoroccohasnomoremeaningthanaplacewheretheymightfindagovernmentjob,buyanorangegrovewiththeirmoneyorinvesthismoney.ToanEnglishmanMoroccomeansnothingbutaromantic,mysteriouscountrywhichhehasreadinthenovels.Camels,castlesaretheromanticbitsinhismindbythenovels.,fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendlessback-breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil:lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeopleWithhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil,Orwellisverycleverlyrevealinginthesetwoparagraphstherealinnerworkingsofthecolonialistsmentality.Suchpeopletaketheirownpresumedsuperioritysomuchforgrantedanditssodeepwithinthemthattheyliterallydontevenseethewretchedpeopleofthethirdworldandaresoinsensitivethattheyactuallytreatthosecountriesastouristresortswheretheyvacationandenjoythemselvesoblivioustothesufferingallaroundthem.,erode,wearaway;eatintoIfrockorsoilerodesoriserodedbytheweather,seaorwind,itcracksandbreakssothatitisgraduallydestroyed.Rainandriverserodedthesoftsand-stones.,Para.18,Desolatebarren;(ofaplace)inaruinedandneglectedstate1.aplacethatisdesolateisemptyandlookssadbecausetherearenopeoplethereAfterthewarthetownwasadesolateplace.2.someonewhoisdesolatefeelsverysadandlonelyShehasbeendesolatesincelosingherjob.v.Thelandwasdesolatedbyfloods.Weweredesolatedbythedeathofourgoodfriend.,Para.18,ThisisasmuchequaltoTheanimalsyokedtotheploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches.Theycouldnotmakedeeperfurrows.,getat,toreachMarrakechisverydry.Evenatadepthof30or40feetthereisonlybutatrickleofwater.,Para.19-20,MiserablelifeofoldwomenThewriterisdescribingobjectivelythephysicalappearanceoftheoldwoman,yethisangercomesthrough.Noticehischoiceofwords.(old;mummified;tiny;shrinktothesizeofchildren;reducedtobones;leatheryskin;bentdouble),Paragraph19,IsupposethatTheauthorgavetheoldwomanalittlemoney.Theresponsewasashrillwailforshewasgreatlysurprised.Theoldwomanwasfullyaccustomedtohermiserableexistenceandtonotbeingtakennoticeofbyanyone,soshealmostconsideredtheauthortobedoingsomethingunnaturalbygivingherthemoney.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden:Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity，thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal,para.20,Whydoestheauthorexpatiateonthemiserablefateofthedonkeys?Toarousethereaderssympathyandanger.Aretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandtheoldwomen?Whatarethey?DonkeyandWomanBothareoverloaded.Botharewillingcreatures.Botharesmall.Bothareill-treated.Bothhaveanmiserableend.Comparison,Aretheiranysimilaritiesbetweenthedonkeysandthenativepeople?Whatarethey?-Bothareobedient-Botharedevoted(despitecrueltreatment)-Bothhaveanmiserableend.(donkeythrowntothedogs,humansthrownintoanamelessgrave.,Para.21,DonkeyandWoman/humansVisibleInvisibleImplication-Women/humansareworsetreated.Contrast,Para.20,Infuriatev.fillwithfuryorrageoutrage;aggravate;enrage;provoke,Para.20,whereupon(formal)usedwhensomethinghappensimmediatelyaftersomethingelse,orasaresultofsomethinghappeningSherefusedtohandoverhermoney,whereupontherewasafight.他看到我来，于是把座位让给了我。Hesawmecoming,whereuponheofferedmehisseat.,Paragraph21,Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible:Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisiblenextdoorto:Shesintheroomnextdoortoherparents.她住在她父母隔壁的那个房间。Heisnextdoortoanidiot.他简直是个白痴。这病人差不多要死了。Thesickmanwasnextdoortodeath.,Paragraphs22-26,WhatisthemainideaofPara22-26?Degradation/humblenessofthenativepeople,Howdoestheauthorputforwardhisidea?Byacontrastbetweenthesoldiers(infantry)andthestorksandacomparisonbetweenthesoldiers(infantry)andcattle,thesoldiersandthestorks,Thepassiveplodding,earthboundblackssouthward)arecontrastedwiththeglitteringwhitebirds(theirwhitemasters;northward)sogreat,pureandloftywhosailabovetheminthesky.Whiletheformerareweigheddownbyheavypacks,aresweatinganduncomfortablyhot,thelatterarefreetosoarunfetteredinthecoolskyabove.,Symbol,whitebird/scrapsofpaper-symbolicoffreedom,thesoldiersandcattle,Thesoldiers:passiveplodding,earthbound,weigheddownbyheavypacks,sweating,uncomfortablyhot,likecattlewhodonotaskingquestionsandfollowtheirmastersblindly,Paragraphs22-26,Descriptionoftheblacktroopsingeneralandoneblacksoldierindividually.Itwontbelongforthewhitepeopletokeeptheseblackpeopleinignorance.,clumpandclatter,onomatopoeiawordsdescribingthesoundofbootsandironwheelsastheymovedovertheroad.,Paragraph22,Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniformsTheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingready-madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell-builtbodiesreach-me-down:(BrE.colloquial)second-handorready-madeclothes.hand-me-down(AmE.),Isawhowitwas.,Iunderstandthereasonwhy.Thisistheresultofcolonization,Para.24,Thiswretchedboy.Thismiserableblackboyis,asaresultofthecolonizationofhiscountry,aFrenchcitizen.Thereforehehasbeenforcedtoleavehishomeintheforestandcometoagarrisontownwherehehastodohardlaboursuchasscrubbingfloorsforthewhitesandwherehewillcatchsyphilis.Howeverthisboy,insteadofhatingthewhites,hasdeeprespectforthem.,Paragraph25,inthis/thatconnection(formal):whilespeakingofsuchthings;inthiscase.Whilespeakingofsuchthings(whilespeakingoftheonethoughtwhicheverywhitemanthinks)Itisthe100thanniversaryofhisdeath.Weherearehavingverygreatcelebrationsinthisconnection.,Itdoesntmattertwopence:Itdoesntmatterabit.Itdoesntmatteratall.Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?,Paragraph26,Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.Everywhiteman，theonlookers，theofficersontheirhorsesandthewhiteNCOsmarchingwiththeblacksoldiers，hadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismindchargers:horsesriddeninbattleoronparadeN.C.O.:noncommissionedofficers军士，士官,column,Acolumnisagroupofpeopleoranimalswhichmovesinalongline;alongmovinglineofpeopleorthingsTherewerereportsofcolumnsofmilitaryvehiclesappearingonthestreets.,file,lineofpeoplewhoarestandingorwalkingonebehindtheotherfileofafileofsoldiersmarchinginstep(步伐整齐)alineofpeopleorthings,onebehindtheother:Theysetoffinfilebehindtheteacher.,Thecausesoftheirpoverty,1.ColonializationAllcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact(para.1;17)2.RacialdiscriminationThepeoplehavebrownfaces-besidestherearesomanyofthem(para.3)Heisthesamecolourastheearth,(para.16)3.BlackpeoplesignoranceHeshowedhisprofoundrespecttohisenemy.He.hasfeelingsofreverencebeforeawhiteskinOnlytheNegroesdidntknowit“4.Poornaturalconditions,Language,1.simplewords,simplestatementstoconveydeepermeaning2.theuseofrhetoricalquestionswhichisveryeffectiveinconveyinghisanger3.terse(精练的),lucid(明白易懂的)prosestyle.4.gooddiction(措辞),ExerciseVI,1chant：wordsrepeatedinamonotonoustoneofvoice2navvy：abbreviationof“navigator”，aBritishwordmeaninganunskilledlaborer，asoncanals，roads，etc3Stow：putorhideawayinasafeplace4warp：bend，curve，ortwistoutofshape5self-contained：self-sufficient；havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary6wretched：poorinquality，veryinferior7mummified：thinandwithered，lookinglikeamummy8reach-me-down：(Britishcolloquialism)second-handorready-madeclothing9charger：ahorseriddeninbattleoronparade,ExerciseVII,1.Cryimpliestheexpressionofgrief,sorrow,painordistressbymakingmournful,convulsivesoundsandsheddingtears;weepmorespecificallystressesthesheddingoftears；tosobistoweepaloudwithacatchinthevoiceandshortgaspingbreaths；wailimpliestheutteringofloud,prolongedmournfulcriesinunsuppressedlamentation；towhimperistocrywithsubdued,whining,brokensounds,asafearfulorfrightenedchilddoes；moansuggeststheexpressionofsorroworpaininalow,prolongedmournfulsoundorsounds,ExerciseVII,cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音，并伴以流泪。weep更具体，强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。,ExerciseVII,2mania本指狂郁精神病