M2U3Grammar_and_usage上课

Grammarandusage,Pastperfecttense,Leadin,HongKong_toChinain1997.,returned,Macao_toChinain1999.,returned,HongKong_toChinabeforeMacaocamebacktoChina.,hadreturned,过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,Pastperfecttense,had(not)done结构：hadbeendone,Present,Past,buildagarden,cleanthehouse,I_thehousebeforeI_agarden.,hadcleaned,built,Friday,ThefollowingiswhatIdidlastweek.,MoreexamplesofthePastperfecttense.,1.Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.2.Bytheendoflastyear,mybrotherhadbeenasoldierfor10years.,3.BeforeTonywenttowork,hehadfinishedreadingthenovel.4.Upontheirenteringthetomb,Cartersluckypetbird,whichhehadlefttheminCairo,wasswallowedbyasnake.,1.用在宾语从句、间接引语和定语从句中，如果主句是过去时，从句的动作先于主句动作发生，从句须用过去完成时Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.Shetoldmethatshehadcaughtahighfeverbecauseofgettingcaughtintheheavyrain.IreturnedthemagazinethatIhadborrowed.,2.状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.AfterIhaddonemyhomework,Iwenttobed.,3.在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.,4.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。,我原打算来的，但太忙了。(mean),Ihadmeanttocome,butIwastoobusy.=ImeanttohavecomeTheyhadexpectedtoarriveattheairportontime,butanaccidenthappenedontheirway.,hadmeant/planned/intendedtodo,=meanttohavedone表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。,5.表示“一就”的几个句型：主语hadnosooner过去分词than主语一般过去时Hehadnosoonerbegunhisspeechthanhewasinterrupted.Nosoonerhadhebegunhisspeechthanhewasinterrupted.Nosoonerhad主语过去分词than主语一般过去时,2)主语hadhardly(scarcely)过去分词when(before)主语一般过去时。IhadhardlyenteredtheclassroomwhenIheardmynamecalled.HardlyhadIenteredtheclassroomwhenIheardmynamecalled.Hardly(scarcely)had主语过去分词when(before)主语一般过去时。,6、Itwas时间since主语过去完成时。Itwasthreemonthssincemyfatherhadsmoked.Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.7、ItwasthefirsttimethathaddoneItwasthesecondtimethatIhadmetyou.8.It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtime+thatclauseItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.,典型考题,Thestudents_busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_intheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB.werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft,2.JohnandI_friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe_eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;haveseenB.havebeen;haveseenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen,典型考题,答案D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在”去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此”忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。,1.IlostthedictionaryI_AhaveboughtBboughtChadboughtDhadbeenbought2.Mary_ofvisitinghergrandmother,butthebadweathermadeherchangehermind.AhasthoughtBthoughtChadthoughtDhadbeenthought3-DidyoumeetTomattheairport？-No，he_bythetimeI_thereAhasleft；gotBhadleft；arrivedCleft；arrivedDleft；hadgot,Thepresentperfecttenseisusedwhenwearetalkingaboutapasteventwhichrelatestothepresenttime.Thepastperfecttenseisusedwhenwearediscussingthepastandwanttotalkaboutanevenearlierevent.,Presentperfectorpastperfect?,温馨提示:一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重现在的结果或对现在造成的影响，与现在有关过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，他所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时和某动作相比较时，才用到它她病了有一周时间了Shehasbeenillforaweek.（现在仍在生病）She_illforaweekbeforeshecameback.,hadbeen,二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与具体的时间状语连用，如yesterday，lastweek,2daysago,in2008等而过去完成时则和由“by或bytheendof+过去时间”引导的时间状语连用They_atthestationbytenyesterday.They_atthestationattenyesterday.,hadarrived,arrived,在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后需根据上下文来判断.Shewasveryhappy.HerwholefamilywerePleasedtoo.Becauseshe_just_(win)thefirstinthecompetition.,had,won,叙述在过去连续发生的一系列动作时，尽管动作有先后，但必须用一般过去时，并且在最后两个动词之间用等并列连词1)Shewenttothesupermarket,boughtsomefood,_(visit)somefriendsandthenreturnedhome.2)Shewenttothesupermarket,_(buy)muchfoodhappily.,visited,buying,Practice,1.Theywereluckyenough,fornosooner_home_itrained.theyreturned;andB.theyhadreturned;whenC.hadtheyreturned;thanD.didtheyreturn;when,2.We_fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.learnedD.willhavelearned,3.WhenMarkopenedthedoor,hesawawomanstandingthere.He_herbefore.A.neversawB.hadneverseenC.neverseesD.hasneverseen,4.He_footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayed,5.-Thewindowisdirty.-Iknow.It_forweeks.A.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned,6.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower_increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wa