语用学讲义3：合作原则与会话含义ppt课件

第4讲合作原则与会话含义,1,1、以下对话中第二个说话人的意思是什么？请你将其真实意思解释出来，并说明你是如何推导出这些意思来的。（a）Virginia:Doyoulikemynewhat?Mary:Itspink.（b）Maggie:Coffee?James:Itswouldkeepmeawakeallnight.（c）Linda:Haveyoufinishedthestudentevaluationformsandthereadinglists?Jean:Ivedonethereadinglists.（d）Phil:AreyougoingtoStevesbarbecue?Terry:Well,Stevesgotthosedogsnow.（e）Annie:Wasthedessertanygood?Mike:Annie,cherrypieischerrypie.,2,2、同以上联系类似。（a）Virginia:Trytheroastpork.Mary:Itspink.（b）Maggie:WewenttoseeTheOmenlastnightbutitwasntveryscary.James:Itswouldkeepmeawakeallnight.（c）Linda:Youlookverypleasedwithyourself.Jean:Ivedonethereadinglists.（d）Phil:Hisgardenlooksawful.Terry:Well,Stevesgotthosedogsnow.（e）Annie:Ithoughtthepiewouldcheeryouup.Mike:Annie,cherrypieischerrypie.,3,3.回到练习1.如果你有以下信息的话你考虑第1个说话人是如何理解第2个说话人的回答的。PinkisMarysfavouritecolourandVirginiaknowsthis.JameshastostayupallnighttostudyforanexamandMaggieknowsthis.Mikelovescherrypie.Asfarashesconcerned,noonecanruinacherrypie,andAnnieknowsthis.,4,4、假设你是一位主考官，你在考虑X是否适合一份需要较高写作能力的工作。你已经写信给他的老师请她评价他在该学科的表现。你收到以下回复：“Xhasregularlyandpunctuallyattendedallmyclasses.Allhisassignmentswerehandedinontimeandveryneatlypresented.IgreatlyenjoyedhavingXinmyclass.”Whatmaximdoestheteacherseemtoflout?WhatimplicaturewouldyoudrawaboutXswritingskills?Whydoyouthinktheteacherphrasedherresponsethisway?,5,5、Speechtherapist：Soyoulikeice-cream.Whatareyoufavouriteflavours？Childwithapragmaticdisorder:hamburgerfishandchips.这个孩子没有遵守哪条准则？你认为他是违背还是违反该准则？,6,6、以下划线的每句话后面的括号里的解释是预设还是会话含义？（a）A:MyboyfriendlivesinLuton.B:MyboyfriendlivesinParis.(Ihaveaboyfriend.)（b）A:What?B:Whyareyoulaughingatme?(Youarelaughingatme)（c）A:Whyissheeatingthose?B:Herfatherdidntgiveheranysupper.(Shedidnthaveanysupper.)（d）A:IsMikeengaged?B:Hesboughtaring.(Mikeisengaged.)（e）A:Youlookpleased.B:Imanagedtopasstheexam.(Itrytopasstheexam)（f）A:Didyoufinishthatreport?B:Istartedit.（Ididntfinishthereport）,7,7、以下例子违反了哪个准则？你认为违反的例子，可以推导出什么样的会话含义。方括弧里是背景信息。（a）Annie:Mike,didyoupassthedrivingtest?Mike:No.(Mikeknowshespassedthedrivingtest.)（b）Annie:Doyouwantseconds?Mike:gmmmuhmmm(Mikesjusthadhiswisdomteethextracted.)（c）Annie:Ireallylikedthatdinner.Mike:Imavegetarian.（d）Teacher:Whattimeisit?towardstheendofalectureStudent:Its10:44and35.6seconds.（e）StudentA:Howareyou.StudentB:Imdead.（f）Host:Wouldyoulikeacocktail?Itsmyowninvention.Guest:Well,mmnuhitsnotthatwedontnotdrink.,8,7、说说练习1的第二个说话人都违反了哪条准则。8、会话含义“我不喜欢它”、“张三恨猫”和“李四懒惰”。请你各写出两个不同的对话，各自违反一个不同的会话准则并据此推导出以上的会话含义。,9,1.Quality:Trytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue.(1)Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.(2)Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.2.Quantity(1)Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposesoftheexchange.(2)Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.3.Relation:B