初中英语阅读理解解题技巧

ReadingComprehension,阅读理解,1.Tolearnthefourtypesofquestionsinreadingcomprehension2.Tolearntheskills,methodsandstepstodoreadingcomprehension.3.Toimprovetheabilitiesofreadingcomprehension.,Learningaims,预学探标,Pre-task(Checkpreviewwork),1.Whendid“colorfulcutting”turnpopulardecorationartinYangzhou?A.IntheSuiDynastyB.IntheTangDynastyC.IntheQingDynastyD.AfterthefoundingofPRC.2.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedworldinparagraph2?A.开花B.繁茂C.凋谢D.发芽3.Fromthepassageweknow_helpedthedevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cutting.A.thedevelopmentofpaper-makingindustryB.theprosperityofeconomyC.Chinesegovernmentshighvalue（重视）D.Alltheabove4.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdopeoplemakepaper-cuttingB.ThewaytocutpaperC.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cuttingD.TheimportanceofYangzhoupaper-cutting,预学探标,Pre-task(Checkpreviewwork),1.Whendid“colorfulcutting”turnpopulardecorationartinYangzhou?A.IntheSuiDynastyB.IntheTangDynastyC.IntheQingDynastyD.AfterthefoundingofPRC.2.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedworldinparagraph2?A.开花B.繁茂C.凋谢D.发芽3.Fromthepassageweknow_helpedthedevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cutting.A.thedevelopmentofpaper-makingindustryB.theprosperityofeconomyC.Chinesegovernmentshighvalue（重视）D.Alltheabove4.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdopeoplemakepaper-cuttingB.ThewaytocutpaperC.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cuttingD.TheimportanceofYangzhoupaper-cutting,1细节理解题,此类考题一般在文章中都能找到相对应的答案。主要提问,方式有：,(1)WhichofthefollowingisTRUE(NOTtrue)?(2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?,(3)Fromthefirst(second/third.)paragraphweknowthat,_.,Task1lookingfordetails（细节理解）,互学析标,While-Task,Lastweekend,thefourmembersofmyfamilyspentanenjoyableholidayattheMagicKingdom-Disneyland.Andoneeventmadeourvisitseemtrulymagical.WegottothefrontofthelineatSpaceMountain,onlytofindoutthatourlittledaughterGloriacouldnttakeherice-creamontheride.Weweresoexcitedthatweallforgotice-creamwasnotallowedontheride.1.ThefamilysvisittotheMagicKingdomwas_.A)helpfulB)awfulC)frighteningD)amazing2.Beforetheride,Gloriacriedbecause_.A)shecouldntfindherparentsinthelineB)shewastoolittletotaketherideC)shecouldnttakeherice-creamontherideD)shehadtowaitfortwentyminutes,技巧点拨：这类题目有两个特点：,(1)凡是针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式与题设不同。,(2)干扰项往往是真假细节混杂，甚至相关细节和无关细,节混杂。,解答此类试题，首先要弄清题目和每个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示。当答案难以确定时，还可辅以排除法。,例:79.Noonewantstolistento_fromothersMP3players.,A)aloudsoundB)sadstoriesC)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong,解析:第二段倒数第三行“Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears”，可以得出答案，选择A,80.Weshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic.A)isnotenjoyableB)makesustiredC)isbadforMP3playersD)hurtsourears,解析】根据第二段倒数第一行“Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturneduptoohigh”得出结论，选择D,82.Wecantakeonceearphoneoutwhenwe_A)showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephoneC)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents,解析】根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answerthetelephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，故选择A,1.OnFebruary9th,2013,SarahDarlingwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenshemetahomelessmannamedBillyRayHarris.Shereachedintoherchangepurse,emptiedoutofallthecoinshehadandgavethemtothehomelessmanSarahdidntrealizethatshehadgivenBillynotonlyallherchangebutalsoherdiamondringthatshehadputinherchangepurseuntilthefollowingmorningWhendidSarahrealizethatshehadalsogivenBillyherdiamondring?A.OnFebruary9th,2013B.OnFebruary10th,2013C.OnFebruary18th,2013D.OnFebruary22nd,2013,互学析标,While-Task,常见提问方式有：1.Thewordinthepassagemeans2.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?,Task2Guessingthemeaning(词义猜测),互学析标,While-Task,2词义猜测题,此类考题要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语,的准确含义。主要提问方式有：,(1)Theunderlinedword“.”inthepassage(mostprobably),means_.,(2)Theunderlinedwordinthefirst(second/third.),paragraphrefersto_.,(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“.”mean?,技巧点拨：常见的猜词方法有：(1)通过定义、释义猜测词义,(3)通过生活常识猜测词义,如：,Lisaletthehairdresser“trim”herhairabitbecauseitgrewtoo,long.,根据because从句所讲的意思，我们可推测trim就是,之意。,(5)通过构词法猜测词义,根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，,就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。如：,ThejourneytoHawaiithissummeris“unforgettable.,利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道,unforgettable就是的意思。,修剪,难以忘怀的,A,胸无点墨的B,毫无兴趣的C,寡言少语的D，无话可说的,A,陌生人B,行人C,故人D,古代人,(6)根据列举的事例猜测词义,Alotoftheworldsnaturalresourceslikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A.环境B.资源C.汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.A.帽子B.雨鞋C.眼镜3.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwasfaint.A.明亮B.昏暗C.灿烂4.Tomisverypolite,buthisbrotherisquiterash.A.礼貌B.谦虚C.粗鲁,Haveatry:choosethebestanswers,互学析标,While-Task,Example:TodaywasaveryhecticdayformeIwokeuplate，hurriedtotheoffice，workeduntilfour，wenttothestore，cookeddinnerandwashedclothesIdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytiredA.焦急的B.忙碌的C.悠闲的D.快乐的,Task2Guessingthemeaning(词义猜测),互学析标,While-Task,IspentaboutonehourwalkingaroundthecitytolookforBusNo.32.Thetricycle(三轮车)wasnice,butitwasalittletooexpensiveforasmalldistance.MaybeIwasrippedoffbytheguidewhorodeforme,butitwasanenjoyable.Theunderlinedphrase“rippedoff”means_A.优惠B.退款C.骗钱D.免费,互学析标,While-Task,Task3Inferringaconclusion（推理判断）,互学析标,While-Task,3推理判断题,这类题要求考生透过表面文字信息推测文字的隐含意思，对文章的发展情节及作者态度、意图等作出合乎逻辑的推理判断。它主要考查考生依据图表、短文内容及常识进行推理和判断的能力。主要提问方式有：,(1)Whatcanweknowaccordingtothepassage?,(2)Wecanguessthewriterofthepassagemaybea,_.,(3)Fromthepassagewecanknow_.(4)Thewriterwritesthispassageto_.(5)Thewritersuggeststhat_.,技巧点拨：解答此类题目时，考生要在阅读时抓住文章的主题和细节，从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义，对暗含在文章中的事件的因果关系、人物动机以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时，要善于抓住文章中实质性的东西，不要被表面的假象或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并注意在推断作者态度时力求从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案。,在一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，天气冷得让人不想出门，见习警员走在大街上，突然听到一个女子大喊：“有人打劫啦!”见习警员刚一回身，就见一个黑影朝着远处逃离，他立刻追了上去，但是这贼跑得飞快，警员追了八条街之后没影了。后来警员在一家商铺前看到了四个人，根据调查，犯人就在这四人当中，请你猜一猜谁是？A,正在闲暇百无聊赖抽烟的人B,正在手机通话的人C,正在聚精会神看报纸的人D,正在狼吞虎咽吃拉面的人,D,你能列举一些常见的提问方式吗？Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_.Fromthetextweknowthat_.Whatdoesthewritermean?Whatdoesthestorytellus?,Task3Inferringaconclusion（推理判断）,互学析标,While-Task,A,cruellyB,kindlyC,fairlyD,unfriendly,A,positive(肯定的）B,neutral（中立的）C,negative（否定的）D,nervous（紧张的）,此类问题常见的提问方式1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?2)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_.3)Whatsthemainideaoftheparagraphorpassage?,Task4:Findingoutthemainidea(主旨大意),互学析标,While-Task,4主旨大意题,此类考题多针对段落或短文的主题或标题来设题。主要提,问方式有：,(1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?(2)Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?,(3)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_.,主题句一般具有三个特点：,(1)表述的意思比较概括，相对其他句子来看，它的概括,性更为明显。,(2)句子结构比较简单，多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。(3)段落中的其他句子起到解释支撑主题句的作用。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的出现情况有,以下三种：,(1)主题句在篇首或段首,主题句在篇首或段首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说,明文、议论文大都采用先总述后分述的方法。,(2)主题句在篇末或段末用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概括性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于篇末或段末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结、归纳或概括。,(3)无主题句,有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句，需从文章出提炼、总结出文章的主题。常用技巧是首先找出每一段的中心意思。各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者是来说明一个问题的，这个中心或问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。,Example1Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatsmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousillness,smokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforsmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblecancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?,Task4:findingoutthemainidea(主旨大意),互学析标,While-Task,Example2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.,Task4:findingoutthemainidea(主旨大意),互学析标,While-Task,Task4:findingoutthemainidea(主旨大意),互学析标,While-Task,A,1.Giftsgivingisdifferentindifferentcountries.InJapan,giftsarenotopened.Later,thesamegiftmaybegivenawaytosomeoneelse.InCanada,manypeoplewillnotgivebiggiftstosomeoneelse.Theywillpayforaparkbenchoratreetohelprememberaperson.IntheUSA,somepeopleasktheirfamiliesandfriendstogivemoneytocharityratherthanbuythemgifts.InSweden,doingsomethingforsomeoneisthebestgift.,互学析标,While-Task,Thispassageismainlyabout_InCanada,manypeoplewillnotgivebiggiftstosomeoneelse.B.InJapan,giftsarenotopenedC.InSweden,doingsomethingforsomeoneisthebestgift.D.Giftsgivingisdifferentindifferentcountries.,互学析标,While-Task,2.Growingmushrooms(蘑菇)isprobablytheeasiestthingyoucandoevenifyouarenewtomushroomgrowing.Itisbecomingmorecommonbecauserestaurantsarestartingtocreatemoredishesthatincludemushrooms.Mushroomgrowingisnotdifficultanditiseasytostartedintheworldoffarming.Youwillsoonpossiblybeabletoprovidesomeofthegreatcooksoftheworldwithhighqualitymushroomsthatwillbeenjoyedbythousandsofpeopleallovertheworld.Thebesttitleofthepassageis_A.HealthymushroomsB.ThevalueofmushroomsC.HowtochoosemushroomsD.Suggestionsongrowingmushrooms,1.速读问题,3.通读文章,2.寻找答案,4.核对答案,1.通读文章,3.寻找答案,2.速读问题,4.核对答案,促学化标,While-Task,Discussion:Doyouknowthestepstodoreadingcomprehension?,促学化标,While-Task,AnAustralia16-year-oldgirl,Jessicatookoffonhernon-stoptriparoundtheworld,onOctober18,2009.Jessicawasallaloneonheryacht(快艇).Shehadtofightagainststrongwinds,wavesashighasmountains,andloneliness,inordertoproveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams,whatevertheymightbe.Jessicasailedaroundtheworldinorderto_A.writeabookaboutherselfB.becomerichandfamousC.wintheworldsadmirationD.proveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams,促学化标,While-Task,AnAustralia16-year-oldgirl,Jessicatookoffonhernon-stoptriparoundtheworld,onOctober18,2009.Jessicawasallaloneonheryacht(快艇).Shehadtofightagainststrongwinds,wavesashighasmountains,andloneliness,inordertoproveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams,whatevertheymightbe.Jessicasailedaroundtheworldinorderto_A.writeabookaboutherselfB.becomerichandfamousC.wintheworldsadmirationD.proveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams,A,Youprobablyknowyoushouldsaypleaseandthankyouatrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbenicetoyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3playe