21世纪大学英语读写教程第三课

,Unit3:TextA,21stCenturyCollegeEnglish:Book2,TheTaleofaCulturalTranslator,UnitThree:TextA,Lead-inActivitiesTextOrganizationReadingandWritingSkillsLanguagePointsGuidedPracticeAssignment,Lead-inActivities,Whatkindofqualificationsshouldberequiredtodowellinaforeigncompany?Whatscross-culturalcommunication?Listsomeconflictscausedbydifferentcultures.Howtosolvetheproblemofconflicts?Doyouthinklanguageandculturearecloselyrelated?Why?,QuestionsforDiscussion,I.Introductionofthetopic:culturaldifferencesconflictsneedforaculturaltranslator,II.Anexample:Georgesstory,III.Conclusion:Thefirstthingyouneedfortheproblemsinajointventureisaculturaltranslator.,ThestructureofTextA,Para.1,Paras.211,Para.12,TextOrganization,Thearticleincludesseveralparagraphsinwhichtheauthorstartswithageneralobservationandthenpresentsaseriesofexamplestoillustratehispoint.(para.3,9)Themeaningofidiomaticexpressionscanbeveryhardtoguess.Wordformationcluesdontalwayshelp,andcanevenmisleadusentirely!Buteffectivereadersdontgiveuponthefirsttry.Theykeepreading,insearchofcontextcluesexamples,explanations,contrastsorparallelphrasesthatcanhelpthemfigureoutthemeaningofidiomaticexpressions.,Readingencounterunexpectedly,e.g.IranintoJoeyesterdayonMainstreet.Afterapromisingstart,thecompanyranintodebt.,Translate如果你不当心，会碰到麻烦的。,KeyYouwillrunintotroubleifyoudonttakecare.,amultitudeoflittlethingsthatescalateintobigemotionalbattlesinwhichallthepartieskeepexclaiming:“,amultitudeofaverylargenumberof,e.g.Wehavetofaceamultitudeofproblems.Newtalentshaveemergedinmultitudesintheatricalcircles.,Moretolearn,amultitudeoflittlethingsthatescalateintobigemotionalbattlesinwhichallthepartieskeepexclaiming:“,e.g.TheUNmustdosomethingbeforethewarescalatedbeyondcontrol.TheinflationratehasbeenescalatinginmanyAsiancountries.,escalatev.increaseinintensity,degree,oramount;makeorbecomegreaterormoreserious,Moretolearn,e.g.Athirdpartyfromoutsidethevillagewasbroughtinasawitness.,partyn.personorpeopleformingonesideinalegalagreementorconflict,amultitudeoflittlethingsthatescalateintobigemotionalbattlesinwhichallthepartieskeepexclaiming:“,transfern.theprocessbywhichsb.orsth.movesorismovedfromoneplace,job,etc.toanother,e.g.DavidwasfedupwithhisjobinLondonsoheaskedforatransfertotheParisoffice.,TranslateBlakestransfertoanItalianfootballclubcameasashocktoallhissupporters.,Key布莱克转会到一个意大利足球俱乐部令他的所有拥护者大为震惊。,accept(sb.)v.thinkof(sb.)aspartofthegroupandtreathiminthesamewayasothermembersofit;treat(sb.)aswelcome,e.g.Thechildrengraduallybegantoaccepther.Hewasneverreallyacceptedbyhisfellowworkers.,butGeorgewassonaturallynonassertivethatnoonecouldseehimasathreattotheircareers.,Paraphrasethesentence:?,GeorgewasbynaturesoeasyandmodestthathispresenceinthejointventuredidntposeanythreattothepositionsofJapanesemanagersandemployees,getintothehabitofdoingsth.starttodosth.sooftenthatitbecomesahabit,e.g.HesgotintothehabitofswitchingontheTVassoonashegetshome.IgotintothehabitofstudyinginthelibrarywhenIwasincollege.,FillintheblankOnce_(他养成了用筷子吃饭的习惯),hepreferredthemtoaknifeandfork.,hedgotintothehabitofeatingwithchopsticks,cometoanendstop;finish,e.g.Theteamsrunofsuccessseemstocometoanend.Andherethestorycometoanend.,TranslateWhenthistemporaryjobcomestoanend,hellbeunemployedagain.,Key这份临时工作干完以后，他就又失业了。,pickuplearnoracquireeasilywithoutmakingmucheffort,e.g.GeorgepickedupafewJapanesephraseswhenhewasonabusinesstriptoTokyo.Weneedsomeonewhowillpickthejobupquickly.,Translate我不知道孩子们上哪儿学到这些无礼的字眼的！,KeyIdontknowwheremychildrenhavepickedupthoserudewords!,atallhoursatanytime;allthetime,e.g.Therestaurantservesmealsatallhours.Sheisinclinedtotelephoneatallhoursofthedayornight.,TatamiTatamiisarectangularmatusedasafloorcoveringinJapanesehouses.Itconsistsofathickstrawbaseandasoft,finelywovenrushcoverwithclothborders.AtatamiMeasuresapproximately6by3feet(180by90cm)andisabout2inches(5cm)thick.,Text-relatedinformation,surpassv.beevenbetterorgreaterthan;gobeyond,e.g.Thelatecomerssurpasstheearlystarters.,Translate你的优异表现已经超出了所有人的期望。,KeyYourexcellentperformancehassurpassedeveryonesexpectations.,befacedwithbeconfrontedwith;bemadetomeet(sth.badordifficult),e.g.Facedwiththethreatoflosingtheirjobs,theworkersonstrikedecidedtogobacktowork.Heisfacedwithadifficultchoiceaftergraduation:togobacktohishometownorstayinthebigcity.,Fillintheblank_(面临严重的财政问题),thecompanyhadtolayoffsomeoftheworkers.,Facedwithseverefinancialproblems,Georgereinventedhimselfasa“culturaltranslator”.,Translatethesentence:?,乔治将自己重新塑造成了一名“文化翻译”。,e.g.Mylastquestionisagainasomewhatpersonalone.Again,thatsveryimpossible.,Theadverbagaincanbeusedtoindicateandemphasizeasimilaritybetweenthesituation,actionorsubjectthatishappeningorbeingdiscussednowandapreviousone.,whentheJapanesejoint-venturepresidentwasagainoffendedbyamessagefromtheAmericanmanagement.,stormv.moveorwalkquicklyandnoisilyinananger,e.g.Aftertheargumentshestormedoff.Hestormedroundthehouseinarage.,Thewisdomofthisdecisionwasprovedagainandagainovertheyears.,Paraphrasethesentence:?,Thedecision(toactasaculturaltranslator)wasprovedsensiblebyoneincidentafteranotherduringalltheseyears.,justifyv.givegoodreasonsfor/todo(sth.),e.g.Itshardtojustifymakingeveryonewaitforsolong.,Translate你怎能为这样对待你的母亲而辩护？,KeyHowcanyoujustifyyourselffortreatingyourmotherlikethat?,Somehoworother,hemadetheirmessagesoundatleasthalfwaysensibletoAmericans.,somehoworotherinsomeway;inonewayoranother,e.g.Somehoworother,wewillgetthemachineworkingagain.Dontkeepthesecretfromhim;hewillknowitsomehoworother.,Moretolearn,e.g.Anyhalfwaydecentteachershouldbeabletoexplainit.Hehalfwaysurrenderedtotheirdemands.,Somehoworother,hemadetheirmessagesoundatleasthalfwaysensibletoAmericans.,Thewordhalfwayisusedasanadverbtomeanfairlyorreasonably.,goalongwithagreewith;accept;support,e.g.Shellgoalongwithyourdecision.Wellgoalongwithyoursuggestions,althoughtheyrenotexactlywhatwewant.,Itworkedtheotherwayaround,too.,Paraphrasethesentence:?,ItwasalsoeffectivewithmessagesfromtheAmericanmanagementtotheJapanese.,ensurev.makesure,guarantee,e.g.Thisletterwillensureyouaninterview.Thedoordidnotlock,butatleastitensuredareasonableamountofprivacy.,TranslateThismedicinewillensureyouanightsgoodsleep.,Key这药可以保证你一夜好睡。,e.g.Thankstoacoolsummer,ourelectricitybillshavebeenverylow.Theplaywasagreatsuccessthankstotheeffortandcommitmentofeveryoneinvolved.,Cf.duetobecauseofe.g.Itisreportedthataccidentsduetodrivingathighspeedhaveincreasedalot.,thankstobecauseof;owingto;withthehelpof,Moretodo,1.Thebigemotionalbattlesaremainly_culturaldifferences.2.OnecompanyIworkedforavoidedthisentireproblem_thesensitivityofoneoftheiremployees.,V.Studytheuseof“dueto”and“thanksto”andthenusethemtocompletethefollowingsentences.,dueto,thanksto,ExercisesVocabulary,读写教程II:Ex.V,p.79,3._circumstancesbeyondourcontrol,thestorewillbeclosedfortheentiremonthofAugust.4._effortandgoodwillofeveryoneinvolved,theChristmaspartywasagreatsuccess.,Dueto,Thanksto,V.Studytheuseof“dueto”and“thanksto”andthenusethemtocompletethefollowingsentences.,ExercisesVocabulary,5.Allflightshavebeendelayed_athickfog.6._thepublicsgenerousdonations,theearthquakevictimswereabletorebuildtheirhomeswithintwomonths.,dueto,thanksto,V.Studytheuseof“dueto”and“thanksto”andthenusethemtocompletethefollowingsentences.,ExercisesVocabulary,smoothovermake(problemsordifficulties)seemlessseriousormorepleasant,e.g.Perhapsagiftofflowerswillhelptosmoothyourquarrelover.,Translate比尔试图平息和妻子的争吵。,KeyBilltriedtosmoothoverhisargumentwithhiswife.,GuidedPractice,VocabularyClozeTranslationStructureWriting,1.WeexpectedEllentodowell,butwhenshegotstraightAsshe_allourexpectations.,Vocabulary,2.Youmadeagooddecision,andIthoroughly_ofit.,III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.,surpassed,approved,3.Theyarrivedatthestadiumthreehoursearlyto_thattheydgetgoodseats.,Vocabulary,4.Thecompanyisnow_thankstotheskillfulmanagementandoutstandingtechnology.,III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.,ensure,thriving,5.Thedirectorsdisagreementrapidly_intoafight,sothemeetingbecamemoreexcitingthananyonehadexpected.,Vocabulary,6.Asajuniormemberoftheschoolsteachingstaff,Janetdidntfeel_todiscusstheissuewiththeprincipal.,III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.,escalated,qualified,7.The20-year-oldtennisplayersdreamisto_ChinaatthenextOlympics.,Vocabulary,8.Itwasbecoming_thattheelderlychemistsskillswerenolongerneeded.,III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.,represent,apparent,9.Idontunderstandhowyoucan_spendingmoneyonspaceexplorationwhentherearehungrychildrenintheworld.,Vocabulary,10.Manyofthe_thatspringfromculturaldifferencescanbeavoidedifyoukeepanopenmind.,III.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.,justify,conflicts,Fromeachofthepairslistedontheright,choosethewordthatbestfillseachblank.,Cloze,读写教程II:Ex.VIII,p.81,Thebiggestproblemthat“culturaltranslators”havetosolveiscausedbyverysubtleculturaldifferences._themosttroublesomecultural_thatinternationaljointventureshavetocopewithistheprocessbywhichdecisionsare_.Thebiggestdifficultyissimply_thatdecision-makingisaculturalissue._veryfewpeopleareactually_thedecision-makingnormsthatthosenormsarefarfromuniversal.,Among/Amidcontracts/conflictsmade/doneunderstand/understandingDueto/Sinceawakenedto/consciousof,Among,conflicts,made,understanding,Since,consciousof,Cloze,_whenthey_adifferentdecision-makingstyletheybecomefirstconfused,thenimpatient_theotherparties“inability”tomakeadecision.“Whatswrongwiththemarethey_orjuststupid?!”Thenextphaseismostoftenadeterminationtoeachtheotherside“therightway”tomakeadecision_,theirway.,7.So/Then8.runinto/enter9.by/with10.crazy/capable11.byname/thatis,with,crazy,thatis,Cloze,So,runinto,But_theotherside(whoeveritis)feelsexactlythesamewayabouttheir“rightway”,theresultsofthisteachingeffortareusuallyprofoundlynon-educational._whenthesituationbecomestrulyugly,_intoatotalculturalwarinwhichboth_accusetheothersideofincompetenceandnon-cooperation.,12.since/whereas13.Thats/Theres14.escalated/escalating15.personnel/parties,Thats,escalating,parties,Cloze,since,Translation,读写教程II:Ex.X,p.82,Whenthetemporaryjobcametoanend,Georgewasofferedapermanentjob,whichheacceptedatonce.,Translation,1.当那份临时性的工作结束时，人家给乔治提供了一份永久性的（permanent）工作，他马上就接受了。,cometoanend,beoffered,ToensurethattheirjointventuresinJapanareprofitable,theAmericancompaniesneedculturaltranslatorsevenmorethanlanguagetranslator.,2.为了确保他们在日本的合资企业赢利，那些美国公司比之语言翻译来说更需要文化翻译。,ensure,profitable,evenmorethan,Translation,Asaculturaltranslator,GeorgewaseagertohelptheJapaneseemployeeswhocametoaskhisadviceonagreatmanymatters,bothwithinandoutsidehisfieldofexpertise.,3.作为一名文化翻译，乔治渴望帮助那些就许许多多事情来向他求助的日方雇员，包括属于他专业知识范围之内和之外的问题。,beeagertohelp,cametoaskhisadviceon,hisfieldofexpertise,Translation,Somehoworother,GeorgepersuadedtheAmericanmanagertogoalongwiththeJapaneseaccountantsdecision,thussmoothingovertheconflictbetweenthetwo.,4.乔治用某种方法说服美方经理接受了日方会计师的决定，从而缓解了两人之间的冲突。,somehoworother,goalongwith,smoothover,Translation,ConflictsandargumentsdoariseattimesbetweentheAmericanmanagersandtheirJapanesecounterparts.Butsincebothpartieshavethegoodsensetocompromise,theseconflictsarepreventedfromescalatingintobigemotionalbattles.,5.美方经理与日方经理之间的确有时会发生冲突和争论。但由于双方都很有见识进行妥协，才防止了这些冲突和争论激化为感情大战。,arise,havethegoodsense,escalateinto,Translation,AlltheJapaneseemployees,thepersonnelmanagerincluded,appreciatedGeorgesfrequenthelpwiththemultitudeofproblemstheyraninto.,6.所有的日方雇员，包括人事经理在内，都很感激乔治在他们遇到的众多问题上所给予的经常帮助。,runinto,themultitudeof,Translation,MyspokenJapaneseisnotgoodenoughtoexpressmyselfwell.PleasedontgetoffendedifIsometimessaystupidthings.,7.我的日语还不足以很好地表达我的思想，所以如果我有时说了些愚蠢的话，请不要生气。,notenoughto,expressmyself,getoffended,Translation,WithasolidunderstandingoftraditionalChinesemedicineandagoodmasteryofEnglish,Dr.ZhangishighlyqualifiedtotrainforeigndoctorswhohavecometoChinatostudyChinesemedicine.,8.张大夫对中医有精深的了解，英语也掌握得不错，所以他完全有资格培训前来中国学习中医的外国医生。,asolidunderstanding,agoodmaster