与翻译有关的那些--反译法剖析.ppt

反译法/正说反译、反说正译法(Negation),试译以下句子:1.NoSmoking!2.WetPaint!3.Justmakeyourselfathome.4.Wemustneverstoptakinganoptimisticviewoflife.5.Hispronunciationisnobetterthanmine.,试译以下句子:1.Nosmoking!严禁吸烟！2.WetPaint!油漆未干!3.Justmakeyourselfathome.不要客气。,4.Wemustneverstoptakinganoptimisticviewoflife.我们要永远对生活抱乐观态度。5.Hispronunciationisnobetterthanmine.他的发音和我的一样糟糕。,英语、汉语中都有从正面或反面来表达一种概念的现象。,这里所谓正面表达和反面表达，主要是指在英语中是否用“no,not,never”或“de-,dis-,non-,im-,in-,un-,-less”等否定性词缀的词；在汉语中是否用“不、非、无、没、未、否、别、休、甭、孬、莫、勿、毋”等否定意义的字。含这些成分的为反说，不含的为正说。,由于语言习惯不同,英汉两种语言在正说与反说方面也常常不同。,因此,在翻译实践中,原文中正说的词句有时不得不处理成反说;原文中反说的词句有时不得不处理成正说。,用反译法有时可以更明确地表达原文意思，但并不是说反译一定比正译好。如果正译反译都能较好表达原文，则应尽量采用正译，使译文从内容和形式上都尽量贴近原文。但如果正译有困难，欠通顺，或者效果不好，则应反译法。,正说反译、反说正译法,1、正说反译法（动词）2、正说反译法（形容词）3、正说反译法（名词）,正说反译、反说正译法,4、正说反译法（副词）5、正说反译法（虚词）6、正说反译法（短语）,正说反译法（动词）,含否定意义动词:fail,miss,lack,deny,ignore,refuse,refrain,overlook,escape,exclude,neglect等的句子可考虑反译。Thewindowrefusestoopen.窗户打不开。,正说反译法（动词）,Shewasrefusedadmittancebythem.他们不许她进去。Permissiontoenterwasdenied.不准入内。Iwasdeniedthechanceofgoingtouniversity.我没有得到上大学的机会。,正说反译法（动词）,Pleaserefrainfromsmoking.请不要吸烟。Sherefrainedfromlaughing.她忍住了，没有发笑。Heshotatit,butmissed.他朝它开了枪，但未射中。,正说反译法（动词）,Iarrivedtoolateandmissedthetrain.我抵达时已太迟了，没有赶上火车。Theyexcludedchildrenfromgettingin.他们不准小孩入内。,正说反译法（动词）,Todayhefailedtogettoschoolontime.他今天没有准时到校。Theletterfailedtoarrive.信没有送到。Avoidoperatingthekeysroughly.使用按键不要用力过猛。,正说反译法（动词）,Thisspecificationlacksdetail.这份说明书不够详尽。Doyouknowwhysheisalwaystryingtoavoidyou？你知道她为什么老是不想见到你吗？,试译以下句子：1.Theplanfailedandforyearshelosthispoliticalpower.2.Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.3.Hissecretaryfailedtotellhimaboutit.4.Hesmissedschoolthreedaysthisweek.5.Theerrorincalculationescapedtheaccountant.,试译以下句子：1.Theplanfailedandforyearshelosthispoliticalpower.计划失败了，他在政治上多年不得志。2.Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图避而不答我的问题。,3.Hissecretaryfailedtotellhimaboutit.他的秘书没有告诉他这件事。4.Hesmissedschoolthreedaysthisweek.他这星期有三天没有去上学。5.Theerrorincalculationescapedtheaccountant.这个计算上的错误没有被会计发觉。,正说反译法（形容词）,HeisignorantofEnglish.他不懂英语。Andthatsthelastthingheisinterestedin.那是他最不感兴趣的事情。Sheisnewtothejob她对工作还不熟悉。,正说反译法（形容词）,Heisoftenabsent-minded.他常常心不在焉。Theteacherfoundsomestudentsabsent.老师发现有些学生不在。Thedecisionisnotfinal.这个决定不是不可改变的。,正说反译法（形容词）,Youareabadboy!你是个不听话的孩子！Thecompanysfailurewasduetobadmanagement.公司因经营不善破产。,正说反译法（形容词）,Shefeltmiserable.她感到心里不舒服。Hiskeywaslost.他的钥匙不见了。Goodadviceislostonhim.忠告对他不起作用。,正说反译法（名词）,Thisfailurewasthemakingofhim.这次不成功是他成功的基础。Thisdistrictwasinastateofneglect.这个地方处于无人管理状态。,正说反译法（名词）,Thereislackofwatersupplyhere.这里供水不足。Darknessistheabsenceoflight.黑暗就是没有光明。Hediditjustoutofignorance.他做了此事只是出于无知。,正说反译法（名词）Tomwillbeinchargeoftheofficeduringmyabsence.我不在的时候，办公室由汤姆负责。Hetriestoovercomethelackoftechnicaldata.他试图克服技术资料的不足。,Herabstractionwasnotbecauseoftheteaparty.她那心不在焉的神情，并不是因为茶话会。Hishesitationledtohisfailure.他不果断/犹豫不决导致了他的失败。,正说反译法（虚词:介词）,Todothisisbeyondmyability.干这事我力不胜任。Itwasbeyondhispowertodoso.他无权这样做。Whatyouvesaidisaboveme.你所说的我不懂。,正说反译法（虚词:介词）,Itseemsagainstnature.这似乎不符合自然规律。Heisabovemeannessanddeceit.他不至于做卑鄙和欺骗人的事情。Herbehaviourwasabovesuspicion.她的品行不容怀疑。,正说反译法（虚词:连词）,Thesoldierswouldfighttodeathbeforetheysurrender.战士们宁可战斗到死，而决不投降。IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.如果他不通知我，我就不去。,正说反译法（虚词:连词）,Theguesthadalreadygonebeforewecameback.还没有等我们回来,客人就走了。Illstayheretillshearrives.她不来我不走。Iwontstopshoutingtillyouletmego.你不放我走我就一直喊叫。,正说反译法（副词）,Hehasbecomeunderstandablyrestless.他变得焦躁不安，这是不难理解的。Thissummerispredictablyhotter.不出所料，今年夏天更热。,正说反译法（副词）,Shesaididly,“Well,whatdoesitmatter?”她漫不经心地说：“哼，这有什么关系？”Slowlyhepulledtheletteroutoftheenvelop,andunfoldedit.他不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸，打开来。,正说反译法（短语）,某些固定短语一般要译作否定:farfrom;freefrom;preventfrom;protectfrom.butfor;butthat;anythingbut;cannotbut.otherthan;ratherthan;morethancan;比较级+thantodoinsteadof;inplaceof;shortof;intheabsenceof,例如:Theworldtodayisfarfrompeaceful.今天的世界还很不安宁。Theexplanationisfarfrombeingsatisfactory.这一解释远不能令人满意。,Hewishestolivealifefreefromcare.他希望过无忧无虑的生活。I,ratherthanyou,shoulddothework.该做这工作的是我，不是你。Thetruthisquitethanwhatyouthink.事实真相同你想的完全不同。,Butfortheworkershelp,weshouldnothavesucceededinthisexperiment.没有工人们的帮助我们这个实验不会成功。Butthatyouaidedme,Iwouldfail.如果你不帮助我,我就会失败。Iborrowedsomebooksotherthannovels.我借了几本书,都不是小说。,Howcanmachineworkintheabsenceofelectricity?没有电,机器怎么能运转?Iamwiserthantobelievethat.我不至于蠢到竟然相信这件事。ThisismorethanIcantell.这件事我是不能讲的。,试译以下句子：1.Healwaysseemedtoobusywithhiswork.2.Keepinlane.3.Ilayawakeallnight.4.Pleasetenderexactfare.5.Yesterdayhefailedtogettoschoolontime.,试译以下句子：1.Healwaysseemedtoobusywithhiswork.他似乎总是工作忙个不完。2.Keepinlane.不准换车道。,3.Ilayawakeallnight.我一夜没合眼。4.Pleasetenderexactfare.恕不找零。5.Yesterdayhefailedtogettoschoolontime.昨天他没准时到校。,试译以下句子：6.Shewenttothestationtomeetherhusband,butmissedhiminthecrowd.7.Ifthecropsfailtherewillbeaseriousfoodshortage.8.Peopleunder18areexcludedfromjoiningtheclub.,试译以下句子：6.Shewenttothestationtomeetherhusband,butmissedhiminthecrowd.她去车站接丈夫，但在人群中没有见到他。7.Ifthecropsfailtherewillbeaseriousfoodshortage.如果谷物收成不好，将会出现严重的粮荒。,试译以下句子：8.Peopleunder18areexcludedfromjoiningtheclub.十八岁以下的人不得参加这个俱乐部。,正说反译、反说正译法,1、反说正译法（动词）2、反说正译法（形容词）3、反说正译法（副词）4、反说正译法（名词）5、反说正译法（介词短语）,反说正译法（动词）,英语中作反面表达的动词(如:加了否定前缀的动词)在译文中可考虑从正面表达。Whydoyoudislikehersomuch？你为什么那么讨厌她？Wedisagreedoverwhatshouldbedone.我们对应采取什么措施意见有分歧。Thepipeisblocked,wemustunblockit.管道堵塞了，我们必须疏通它。unbuckle解开，unload卸下，undress脱下，unburden除去负担,反说正译法（形容词）,同样，加了否定前缀或者后缀的形容词，也可采用反说正译法来表强调。Hereturnedhomewithahopelessface.他满脸灰心绝望地回到了家。Itisnoiselessaroundhereatmidnight.午夜时分，周围静悄悄的/一片寂静。Wevebeenveryunluckywiththatcar-itsalwaysbreakingdown.我们坐那辆车总是很倒霉,反说正译法（副词）,Hewasunaccountablydelayed.他莫名其妙地被延迟了。Sheuncannilyresemblesmydeadsister.她跟我死去的姐姐出奇地相像。Hecarelesslyglancedthroughthenoteandgotaway.他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。Thewindowstherewereneveropen.那里的窗门总是关着。,反说正译法（名词）,dislike厌恶;disbelief怀疑;disappearance消失;disagreement分歧;unhappiness伤心;disadvantage缺点;disappointment失望;disapproval反对例如：Hemanifestedastrongdislikeforhisfathersbusiness.他对父亲的生意表示出强烈的厌恶情绪。Howwillyoudealwiththedisagreementsbetweencolleagues.你会如何处理同事间的意见分歧？,反说正译法（介词短语）,Thechildcanwalkwithoutanyhelpnow.这小孩现在完全能自己走路了。Shecameintotheroomwithnoshoeson.她光着脚走进了房间。ThetraincomingfromMoscowwillarriveinnotime.来自莫斯科的火车很快就会到达。Students,withnoexception,aretohavephysicalexaminations.今天下午学生统统要进行体检。,正说反译、反说正译法/反译法(Negation),运用正反译法时,我们要注意语体的变化。一般说来，正说显得较正规，反说较口语化。例如：“禁止张贴”译成正说“PostersForbidden”较正规，而译成反说“NoPosters,Please”较口语化；同样，“PostersForbidden”译成正说“禁止张贴”较正规，而译成反说“不许张贴”较口语化。,练一练：,1.Thatfellowisfarfrombeinghonest.2.ItsbeyondmewhyshewantstomarryJack.3.Stoptalkingnonsense!4.Hisarrivalthreedaysinadvanceisbeyondourexpectation.5.Dontmakeyourconclusionbeforetheendoftheyear.,练一练：,1.Thatfellowisfarfrombeinghonest.那家伙很不老实。2.ItsbeyondmewhyshewantstomarryJack.我不理解她为什么要和杰克结婚。3.Stoptalkingnonsense!别胡说八道。4.Hisarrivalthreedaysinadvanceisbeyondourexpectation.他提前三天到达是我们没有想到的。5.Dontmakeyourconclusionbeforetheendoftheyear.到年底再下结论吧。,练一练：,6.Thelastthingpeopleherewanttoseeisinchaos.7.Johnwasafoolfordanger.8.Theexaminationleftnodoubtthatthepatienthaddiedofcancer.9.“Hadyoueverseenthemanbeforethen?”“No,Ihadnt.Hewasatotalstranger.”,练一练：,6.Thelast