被动语态-九年级英语.ppt

被动语态,ThePassiveVoice,动词过去分词的构成,规则动词的变化1.一般加edworkworked2.以不发音的字母结尾的词加dlivelived3.以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i再加edstudystudied4.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的词双写这个辅音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferred,不规则动词的变化动词原形过去分词beginbegunbreakbrokenfindfounddrivedriventhinkthoughtgivegivenmakemadecostcostwinwoncutcut,(一)语态分类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp,主动语态,被动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语/宾语.,bythem.,Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.,Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.,Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.,一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto(情态动词）bedone,Usageofthepassivevoice,1.不知道动词的执行者,Youarewantedoutside.,Hisbikehasbeenstolen.,2.当动作的执行者是泛指或不言而明时,Thebooksinthereadingroommustnotbetakenaway。,Chinawasliberatedin1949.,3.出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己/对方,Enoughhasbeensaidonthisquestion.,Youarewishedtodoitmorecareful.,Girls（are）Wanted.,Road（is）Blocked.,5.动作的执行者不是人,Thehousewaswashedawaybythestorm.,Weareshockedbythenews.,4.在文章标题、广告、新闻等中（常省略be）,1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,变为被动语态,Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.,Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.,WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.,ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.,Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom.,Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.,Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.,Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.,4AbycantakegoodcareofTina,TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,Hecancarrythebasketeasily.,Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.,Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.,Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.,“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.,“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.,3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.,Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.,Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.,Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.,Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.,Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.,Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek.,Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek.,Theywouldhaveapartythenextday.,Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,areused,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.,5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.,wasmadetohave,canbe,used,7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?,Weremanytreesplanted,Mustbefinished,9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_.,weweregiven,were,giventous,10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.,wasasked,isdone,12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesaday.,canbemended,mustbe,taken,14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?_thisquestionoften_about_?,isstudied,Is,talked,bythem,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.,MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.,JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.,watchlethavehelpfeelhearseenotice,2.seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.,Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.,Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.,hear/watch/.,Weoftenhearthemsingthissong.,Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).,Thissongisoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).,3含宾语补足语的被动语态,TheycallherLilySheiscalledLilybythem.,Jimkeptthewindowclosed,ThewindowwasclosedbyJim,BobsentKatealetterlastyear.,=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.,=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.,tellaskbringwriteleavereturnsendshowthrowwritegiveteachpasslend,to,HetoldJimastory.,4.含双宾语的被动语态,5.Mummademeanewdress.,IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.,makebuydraw,for,Iboughtmybrotherabook.,注意:,Johnturnedontheradio.,Theradiowasturnedon.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandmatakescareofmysister.,MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.,Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.,带介词或副词的不及物动词变被动语态时，介，副不能丢,6.Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,类似的还有：Itissupposedthat.Itissaidthat据说Itisreportedthat据报道Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itishopedthat大家希望Itiswellknownthat众所周知Itisthoughtthat大家认为Itissuggestedthat据建议,6.地点名词做主语，变被动语态不能改为“by+主语宾语“的形式，应改为”介词（on/in/at)+地点名词“Thisfarmgrowsbeautifulflowers.Beautifulflowersaregrownonthisfarm.ThisschoolteachesEnglishEnglishistaughtin/atthisschool,1).不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。,*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.,*ThatbikedoesntbelongtoMike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have/fit,IhaveaTVset.,Thecoatfitsmewell.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,Thefishtastesgood.,Thescarffeelssoft.,feelsmelltastesound,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,Thebooksellswell.,Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.,这书卖完了。,Thebookissoldout.,这块表需要修理一下。,Thewatchneedsmending.,=Thewatchneedstobemended.,=Weneedtomendthewatch.,want,Didhefinishtheworkyesterday?,Werethebookstakenawayb