复合句复习ppt课件

MainlyRevisionofJuniorEnglish,JuniorThree,ComplexSentences,TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:,初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。,.,Choosetherightanswers(抢答题),()1.Thevisitorwantstoknow_fromDongguantoGuangzhou.A.howfaritisB.howfarisitC.howlongitisD.howlongisit,()2.Couldyoutellme_?A.whoyouarewaitingforB.whowereyouwaitingforC.whereyoulivein,()3.Doyoustillremember_?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.whatdidhesay,A,A,B,()4.Heaskedme_duringthesummerholiday.A.wherehadIgoneB.whereIhadgoneC.whereIhadbeen,C,.,.TheObjectClause(宾语从句)宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充当宾语的句子。,宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序.Shesaid(thatshewasfromTCL.)主句引导词主语谓语,.,1.that+陈述句的宾语从句主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。例如:Hesaysthat_.(他想要和你通话)Imsorry(that)_他现在不在这里that本身无意义,不充当任何成分,常被省略,hewantstospeaktoyou.,heisnthererightnow.,Note:1.宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。,如：我认为鸡不会游泳。Ithinkchickenscannotswim.()Idontthinkchickenscanswim.(),此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：Ithinkheiswrong,_?Hethinksheisright,_?,isnthe,doesnthe,.,Back,2.if/whether+一般疑问句的宾语从句,if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：Sheaskedmeif/whether_.我是否能帮助她Idontknowif/whether_是否将要下雨,用陈述句语序,Icouldhelpher,itisgoingtorain.,.,Back,Note:只用whether的四种情况：,2.直接与ornot连用时Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcome.,1.在介词后Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.,3.Whether+动词不定式Checkthepricesbeforeyoudecidewhethertobuyone,4.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.,.,Back,3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,wherehow,why+特殊疑问句的宾语从句,例如:Doyouknow_?谁下午将要来Didyouhear_?她说过什么吗Wedidntknow_她将什么时候回来,Whowillcomethisafternoon,whathesaid,whenshewouldcomeback.,连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份,不能省略,(主语),(宾语),(状语),.,二、考点：1.宾语从句的引导词*2.从句中的语序为陈述语序；*3.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应,如:()Idliketoknow_ornot.(2003年中考)A.whetherwillhecomeB.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcomeD.thathewillcome,C,.,关于宾语从句的时态对应,*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制,Hesaysthathe_toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Hesaidthathe_toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Theteachertoldusthattheearth_roundthesun.(go),wants,wanted,goes,主句从句1、一般现在时A.过去的某一种时态2、一般过去时B.根据句意选择时态,.,1995-2005年中考关于宾语从句的考题,1.Canyoutellmewhy_yesterday?(95年)A.hedidntcomeB.didhenotcomeC.didnthecome2.Heasked_.(96年)A.whyshecameB.whydidshecameC.whyshecomes3.Iwanttoknow_.(97年)A.whattimedoesthetrainarriveB.whattimewillthetrainarriveC.whattimethetrainwillarrive,A,A,C,.,4.Doyoustillremember_?(99年)A.whatdidhesayB.thathesaidC.whathesaid5.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_?(2001年)A.whereisthezooB.WherethezooisC.wherethezoo6.Wecouldntfindout_,sowegaveittotheteacher.(2002年)A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.itwaswhosepen7.-Excuseme.Doyouknow_?-Imsorry.Imnewhere.(2005年)A.WhereisthenearestbusstationB.wherethenearestbusstationisC.Wherethenearestbusstationwas,C,B,B,B,.,宾语从句小结1、_引导陈述句。2、_引导特殊疑问句。3、_引导一般疑问句。4、宾语从句要用_语序。5、主句、从句时态要对应。,that,特殊疑问词,if/whether,陈述句,.,.TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。,Whenyougetoffthebus,youmustntpushothers.(时间状语从句)主句Mymotherwillcomeifitdoesntraintomorrow.主句(条件状语从句),.,1.由when,while,before,after,until,assoonasnot.until引导的时间状语从句),1)_,youmustntpushothers.当你下车时,2)Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfast_在他们上学之前,Whenyougetoffthebus,beforetheywenttoschool,Theytalkedabouttheparty_在人们离开后,afterthepeopleleft.,4)Iwillwait_.直到他来为止,untilhecomes,.,e.g.Shewontgotobeduntilshefinishesherhomework.,.,5)Introducedbyassoonas(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“一就”。)e.g.MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.,.,Note:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1)主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Pleasedontgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：e.g.IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.,.,B)TheAdverbialClauseofPlace(地点状语从句),1)Introducedbywheree.g.Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.2)Introducedbywherevere.g.Illgowhereveryougo.,.,C)TheAdverbialClauseofManner(方式状语从句),1)Introducedbyase.g.Illdoallthethingsasyoutoldme.2)Introducedbyasif/though(可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况，也可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况)e.g.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.Helooksasifhewereyoung.3)Introducedbythewaye.g.Idontlikethewayhetalks.,.,D)TheAdverbialClauseofReason(原因状语从句),1)Introducedbybecausebecause语气最强，它着重说明原因。用why提问的问句必须用because回答，不能用as,since；e.g.-Whydidnthecome?-Becausehewasill.,2)Introducedbysincesince语气比较弱，表示关系上的自然结果，尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素，常译成“既然”，“鉴于”，通常从句放在主句前；e.g.Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnachance.,.,3)Introducedbyasas语气最弱，只表示一般的因果关系，从句放在主句前或后均可；e.g.Ashedidntknowthemeaningoftheword,helookeditupinhisdictionary.,Note:for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.,.,E)TheAdverbialClauseofCondition(条件状语从句),1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=ifnot)引导，从句中常用一般时代替将来时，即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是，主句则通常用将来时，情态动词或祈使句。e.g.Ifhedoesntcomeontime,wewontknowwhattoknow.Hemustcomeifheistold.Pleaseletmeknowifhecomesback.Illgothereunlessitrains.,.,2)If条件句的替代形式：（1）祈使句+and/or+陈述句（谓语动词通常用将来时态）。其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。e.g.Ifyouworkhard,youllpasstheexameasily.=Workhard,andyoullpasstheexameasily.Ifyoudontworkhard,youllfallbehindothers.=Workhard,oryoullfallbehindothers.（2）用介词with,without的替代形式：e.g.Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,Illfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,Illfinishmytaskontime.,.,F)TheAdverbialClauseofConcession(让步状语从句),1)Introducedbythough/althoughe.g.Thoughhetriedmanytimes,hefailedtoworkitout.2)Introducedbywh-evere.g.Whateverhesays(=Nomatterwhathesays),dontbelievehim.3)Introducedbyevenif/eventhoughe.g.Evenifheispoor,shelovesherhusband.(Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)即使他穷了，她也仍然爱他。Eventhoughheispoor,shestilllovesherhusband.(Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)尽管他穷，但她仍然爱他。,.,G)TheAdverbialClauseofResult(结果状语从句),1)Introducedbysothate.g.Therearebigtreesaroundthehousesothatitcanhardlybeseenbypassers-by.2)Introducedbysothat/suchthate.g.HewalkedsofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.Hemadesuchagoodreportthateverybodywaspleased.,.,H)TheAdverbialClauseofPurpose(目的状语从句),1)Introducedbysothate.g.Hegotupmuchearlierthanusualsothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.2)Introducedbysothate.g.Heexplaineditsoclearlythathewantedeveryoneofustounderstandhimbetter.,.,I)TheAdverbialClauseofComparison(比较状语从句),1)Introducedbyasas/notsoas;thane.g.ThisquestionisnotsodifficultasIthought.Thefilmismuchbetterthanweexpected.2)IntroducedbyThemore,themoree.g.Themoreheheardthesong,thelesshelikedit.,.,状语从句中考题练兵：,一、单项选择()1.Somebodyrangmeupjustnow,buthehungupIcouldanswerthephone.(无锡)A.whenB.untilC.beforeD.since()2.MrSmithusuallyreadsanewspaperheswaitingforthebus.(徐州)A.ifB.theC.becauseD.while()3.Youmustleaveherenowyourmothercangetsomemorerest.(常州)A.becauseB.thoughC.sothatD.so()4.Themeetingisimportantthatyoumustntmissit.(盐城)A.veryB.suchC.soD.too,C,D,C,C,.,()5.Imgoingtothesupermarket.-youarethere,wouldyoupleasebuymesomevegetables?(镇江)A.IfB.BecauseC.WhileD.After()6.Doyouknowwhathedidallday?(镇江)-Hespentasmuchtimeplayingashe.A.studyingB.wasstudyingC.studiedD.didstudying()7.IfMginO2,weMgO,anditcombinationreaction(化学变化).(泰州)A.willburn,get,callsB.burns,willget,calledC.willburn,canget,iscallingD.burns,willget,iscalled()8.hetalkedwithherforalongtime,hefailedtoconvince(说服)her.(黄冈)A.ThoughB.ButC.SinceD.As,C,D,D,A,.,二、同义句改写1.Whereverheis,hecanmakehimselfathome.(广州)heis,hecanmakehimselfathome.2.MissSmithlefthereaftertherainstopped.(淮安)MissSmithleaveheretherainstopped.3.Ifyouworkhard,youwillpasstheexam.(盐城),andyouwillpasstheexam.4.Tomwastoohappytogettosleep.(大连)Tomwashappyhecouldnt.5.Getoffthebuswhenthedrivertellsyou.（宁夏）Dontgetoffthebusyou_.,No,matter,where,didnt,until,Work,hard,so,that,fall,asleep,until,are,told,to,.,三、根据汉语提示,完成句子.1.你看的历史书籍越多，你了解的知识就越多。（无锡）,themoreknowledgeyoullget.2.他是一个好人，与每个人都相处的很好。（常州）Heissuchakindman.3.山姆一拿到新书就迫不及待地看了起来。（连云港）Samcouldntwaittoreadthenewbook.4.尽管学电脑花费许多时间，但我认为学好它还是有用的。（南京）,Ithinkitusefultolearncomputerwell.5.看起来要下雨了。（甘肃）Itlooks.,Themorehistorybooksyouread,thathegetsonwellwitheveryone,assoonashegotit,Thoughittakesmuchtime,asifitsgoingtorain,.,.TheAttributiveClause(定语从句),在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。ThisisTom.Tomgaveusatalkyesterday.-ThisisTomwho(that)gaveusatalkyesterday.先行词定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which引导定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why,.,一、who,whom,whose引导的定语从句,1.who在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g.Thisisthedoctorwhocameheryesterday.,2.whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g.Theman(whom)yousawlastweekhasleftthetown.,.,注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.a)ThemanfromwhomIborrowedthebookisLiLei.=ThemanwhomIborrowedthebookfromisLiLei.(前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略)b)Thegirlwhomheistakingcareofisill.(takecareof是固定词组),.,3.whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g.Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.,.,二、that,which引导的定语从句,这两个代词均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物,通常情况下，它们可以互换。1.that,which在从句中作主语，不可省略。e.g.Heroisthefilmthat/whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou.2.that,which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g.Isthisthefilm(that/which)youtalkedaboutlastweek?注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。e.g.Thehouseinwhichheoncelivedisameeting-room.=Thehouse(which)heoncelivedinisameeting-room.,.,知识拓展：,引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用which：,1.先行词是复合不定代词everything,anything,nothing等时。e.g.Shedidntforgetanything(that)hermotherhadtoldhertobuy.,2.先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时。e.g.Thisisthefirsttextbook(that)Istudiedintheprimaryschool.Heisinthelastrowthatisnexttothewindow.,3.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.Thatisthehighestbuilding(that)Ihaveeverseen.,.,4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时。e.g.Thisistheverynovel(that)youwanttoborrow.,5.先行词是或被all,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，e.g.Ivewrittendownall(that)theteacherdoesntallowustodo.Theyhaventgotanydictionaries(that)weneed.,6.先行词既包含人又包含物时。e.g.Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons(that)wehadneverheard.,.,7.主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Whoistheman(that)youspoketojustnow?Whichisthebookthatwasstolenbyhim?,8.先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。e.g.Chinaisnolongerthecountry(that)itusedtobe.,.,三、关系副词where,when,why引导的定语从句（在从句中作状语）,1.where表示地点，它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。e.g.Thisisthevillagewherehewasborn.c.f.Thisisthevillage(that/which)hevisitedlastyear.,2.when表示时间，它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。e.g.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.c.f.Illneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.,3.why表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。e.g.Thereasonwhyhedidntcomeyesterdayisquiteclear.,.,定语从句专练：,()1.Thenumberofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whichB.whoC.whomD./()2.ThisisthemostbeautifulpartIhavevisited.A.which;everB.that;neverC.which;yetD.that;ever()3.Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingismissing.A.thatB.whichC.whatD./()4.WeretalkingaboutTonny,youmetyesterday.A.withwhoB.whomC.whichD.that()5.IsthistheverymuseumsomeJapanesevisitorsvisitedlastWednesday?A.oneB.whereC.thatD.which,B,D,A,B,C,.,()6.ThebookcoverisredisToms.A.whichB.thatC./D.whose()7.TheplaceIgrewupisabeautifultown.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.fromwhich()8.Idontthinkthenumberofpeoplethishappensisverylarge.A.whoB.towhichC.thatD.towhom()9.DoyoustillrememberoneeveningaweekagoIcametoyourroomandborrowedadictionary?A.beforeB.whichC.whenD.as()10.Isthatthenovelabouttheytalkedinclassyesterday?A.whichB.thatC.whoD./,D,C,D,C,A,.,宾语从句中考题练兵：,一、单项选择()1.Idontthinkhewillcomehereontime,?(重庆)A.wontheB.willheC.doesheD.ishe()2.Willyoupleasetellme?(上海)A.wherePudongAirportisB.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt()3.ItsnotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.(常州)A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslikeD.howoldareyou()4.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,Illletyouknow.(扬州)A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome,B,A,A,C,.,()5.IcantsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaventsee