高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit_0ppt课件

.,高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE,.,Unit10,TheRoleofEducation,.,Content,StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject,.,Task1Thefollowingisalistofthecorecoursesofferedbycollegesoruniversities.Selectwhatyouthinkarethethreemostimportantcorecoursesfromthelistbelow.Compareyourchoiceswiththoseofyourpartnersandgivereasonsforyourchoices.(P276),Startingout,Economics,Geography,History,Physiology,Psychology,English,dancing,etc),Arts(music,painting,Math,Philosophy,Chinese,P.E.,Computer,Management,Religion,Law,.,Task2Inthemid1980s,Chinascollegeenrollmentratestoodatabout3%ofthepopulation,lowerthanthatofmanyotherdevelopingcountries.Intheearly1990s,thenumberroseto5%.In1999,universitiesenrolled1.59millionstudents,whichwasa41.2percentrisefromthepreviousyear.Sincethen,thenumbershavejustkeptclimbing.In2002,thecollegeenrollmentratereached15%percent.Itroseto19%in2005.Somepeoplethinktheexpansionpolicyisnecessarytoimprovethequalityofthenationseducationwhileothersbelievethattheexpansionisresponsibleforadeclineinthequalityofteachingaswellastheintensecompetitioninthejobmarket.Whatisyouropiniononthisissue?Useexamples,factsorfigurestosupportyourideas.(P276),StartingoutTask2,.,Task2Usefulwordsandexpressions:,StartingoutTask2,ajust,equitableandproductivesocietyqualityofeducationskilledworkforcelow-incomeareasminoritystudentsrisingtuitionfeesheavyfinancialburdenmeetthedemandsoftheworkplaceincapableoftacklingpracticalproblemsboosteconomicdevelopmentincreasetheskillbaseofthecountry,.,Task3InmostpartsofChina,whenstudentsreachthesecondgradeatseniorhighschool,theyarerequiredtospecializeineitherscienceorartscourses.Thetwocoursesareverydifferentandsomepeopledislikebeingstreamlinedsoearlyintheireducationalcareer.Whatdoyouthinkofthispractice?Talktoyourpartnerandtellthemaboutyourexperience.(P277),StartingoutTask3,.,Startingout,NowwatchavideoaboutPrincetonUniversity.Listencarefullyandcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.,.,1.PrincetonUniversityislocatedinPrinceton,NewJerseyinthesuburbanhistorictownof_includingfarmlandsandforests.2.Oneofthethingsthatweveseeninthelastyearsis_intheclass.3.Princetonoffersoneofthestrongestfinancialaidprogramsinthecountry.Thatswhy58%ofundergraduatesreceivefinancialaidthatsnotneeded_.4.SomeofthemostpopularmajorsinPrincetonarepolitics,history,_.5.Ourfacultiesareleadersintheirfieldsandtheyrepushingback_intermsoftheirresearch.,Startingout,diversesurroundings,thegenderbalance,tobepaidback,molecularbiologyandengineering,intellectuallimits,.,TheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofCrisis,ReadingFocus,.,ReadingFocus,.,Listentoatalkoneducationandeducationalsystem,andanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatsthepurposeofeducation?2)Whatsthoughttobefashionableinmanymoderncountries?3)Whydosomepeoplerefusetodowhattheythinkofaslowjobs?4)Whyistheworkofacompletelyuneducatedfarmerfarmoreimportantthanthatofaprofessor?5)Whatkindofeducationisvaluabletothesociety?,BackgroundInformation,.,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,Task1Itsimportanttobeabletofindthemainideainaparagraph.Themainideatellsthereaderwhattheparagraphismostlyabout.Alloftheothersentencesinaparagrapharedetailsthattellthereadermoreaboutthemainidea.Themainideaisusuallystatedinatopicsentence.Thetopicsentenceisoftenthefirstsentenceoritmaycomealittlelaterintheparagraphorevenattheend.Itsimportanttobeabletodistinguishthemainideafromthesupportingdetailsinreadingmaterials.Sometimesthemainideaisnotwrittenexplicitlybutrathersuggested.Sometimesitmaybeexpressedinmorethanonesentence.Therearesevenparagraphsinthistext.Writedownthemainideaofeachparagraph.(P283),.,Para1:Para2:Para3:Para4:,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,Oursocietysconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisclearfromthegenerosityofgovernmentinvestmentinresearchbutitcomeswithexpectation.,Modernacademicstudyrelatestotheworld;itisnotapartfromitasinthepast.,Americansocietyhasalong-standingconsensusaboutthevalueofeducation.,Wehaveanobligationtosearchfornewideasandknowledge.,.,Para5:Para6:Para7:,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,Wehaveanobligationtodisseminatenewideaandknowledge.,Wehavethethirdobligationtoeducatethenextgenerationofcitizensandleaders.,Weshouldcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents.,.,Task2,Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.(P284),Key:2345678910,B,C,B,B,C,C,A,C,C,C,ReadingFocusDetailedInformation,.,CriticalThinking,ReadingFocus,.,StepOneReadthefollowingsentencesfromthetextanddecidewhetheryouagreewiththeauthor.Workingroupstoprovideexamplestosupportorargueagainsttheauthorsopinions.,ReadingFocusCriticalThinking,Thesearchfornewideasandknowledgeisnotandcannotbemotivatedbyutilitarianconcern.Weshouldfirstandforemostcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents.,.,StepTwoDiscusswithyourpartnerthefollowingquestions.Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofeducation?Doyouthinktheideaofaliberalartseducationaspreparationforaprofessionisanarrowone?Whyorwhynot?,ReadingFocusCriticalThinking,.,Oursocietysconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisexpressedthroughthegenerousinvestmentsofthefederalandstategovernmentsinbasicandappliedresearch,investmentsthatwiselycouplesupportforresearchwithsupportforgraduateeducation.(Para2)couplewith:ifonethingiscoupledwithanother,theyhappenorexisttogetherandproduceaparticularresult并提；加上e.g.1)Lackofraincoupledwithhightemperaturescausedthecropstofail.2)Hisenergyandintelligence,coupledwithherskillandpatience,overcamealldifficulties.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,2.Intimesoftrouble,itisespeciallyimportantthatweliveuptotheseexpectations.(Para2)liveupto:ifsomethingorsomeonelivesuptoastandard,reputation,orpromise,theydoaswellastheywereexpectedto,dowhattheypromised符合（标准）；不负（盛名）；履行（诺言）e.g.1)Heworkshardandwillprobablyliveuptohisparentsexpectations.2)Thebankisinsolventandisunabletoliveuptoitsobligations.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,3.Themedievalimageoftheuniversityasanivorytower,withscholarsturnedinwardinsolitarycontemplation,immunizedfromthecaresoftheday,isanimagethathasbeensupersededbythemodernuniversityconstructednotofivory,butofahighlyporousmaterial,onethatallowsfreediffusioninbothdirections.(Para3)contemplation(n.):quiet,seriousthinkingaboutsomething沉思e.g.1)Heislostincontemplationabouthisfuture.2)Themonksspendanhourincontemplationeachmorning.supersede(v.):toreplace代替，取代e.g.Televisionsupersededradiointhefifties.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,diffusion(n.):spreadingideasorinformationamongalotofpeople传播，散播e.g.1)ThediffusionofideasacrossbordersisonereasonforEuropessuccess.2)ThediffusionofnewsbyradioandTVmaybeaffectedbytheInternet.翻译：中世纪大学的形象是一座象牙塔，学者们远离社会进行孤独的沉思，不关心窗外之事这一形象已被现代大学所取代现代大学不是象牙构筑的，而是高度开放的机构，允许内外自由交流。,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,4.Wealsohavelearnedthatitisunwisetosearchonlyinpredictableplaces,fornewknowledgeoftendependsuponpreparingfertilegroundinobscureplaceswhereserendipityandgoodluck,aswellasdeepintelligence,cansprout.(Para4)serendipity(n.):thenaturalabilitytomakeinterestingorvaluablediscoveriesbyaccident翻译：同时，我们也得知，只在可预知的领域来挖掘知识是不明智的，因为新知识往往依赖于在未知领域准备好肥沃的土壤，在那些领域，好运气同深奥的智慧一样能开花结果。,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,5.Freedomofinquiry,whichisoneofourmostcherishedorganizingprinciples,isnotjustamoralimperative,itisapracticalnecessity.(Para4)imperative(n.):anessentialorurgentthing需要e.g.1)Tacklingmalariaisnowaninternationalimperative.2)Distributingfoodaidisanimportantmoralimperativeinthatsociety.imperative(adj.):extremelyimportantandneedingtobedoneordealtwithimmediately急需的e.g.1)Itisimperativethatpoliticiansshouldbegoodcommunicators.2)Itisimperativetomeetfacetofacewiththeclient.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,6.Itconsistsinthepowertodistinguishgoodreasoningfrombad,inthepowertodigestandinterpretevidence,inthehabitofcatholicobservationandapreferenceforthenon-partisanpointofview,inanaddictiontoclearandlogicalprocessesofthoughtandyetaninstinctivedesiretointerpretratherthantosticktotheletterofreasoning,inatasteforknowledgeandadeeprespectfortheintegrityofthehumanmind.(Para6)catholic(adj.):includingaverywidevarietyofthings广泛的,普遍的e.g.1)Shehasacatholictasteinmusic.2)Youhaveacatholicarrayofbooksonyourbookshelf.,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,non-partisan(adj.):notsupportingtheideasofanypoliticalpartyorgroup无党派的翻译：它包括了：辨别正确推理与错误推理的能力，消化与阐释论据的能力，广泛观察的习惯，对于持客观见解的偏好，执着于清晰有条理的思维过程，本能地热衷于阐释内涵而不拘泥于推论的字面意义，对知识的鉴赏力，对人类健全心智的无限尊重。,ReadingFocusLanguagePoint,.,Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-,Task1Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P287),ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,A,C,D,B,B,B,C,D,A,B,.,Task2,1.Tosolveaproblemyouhavetounderstandits_causes.2.Oncewevehadthedisease,wereusually_forlife.,Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.(P288),imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlie,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,underlying,immune,.,3.IwasratherquietasIdidntfeelIhadmuchwisdomto_onthesubject.4.Abroadandbalancededucationisa(n)_forraisingstandards.5.Thefortwas_toattackfromthenorth.6.Theirideas_quicklyacrossEurope.,imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlie,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,impart,imperative,vulnerable,diffused,.,7.Economicconcernsare_inmanyvotersminds.8.Iwenttoa(n)_lecturethismorning.9.Thereport_thedifficultissuesattheheartofscientificpolicy.10.Heisamanofambitionand_.,imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlie,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,foremost,scholarly,illuminated,eloquence,.,Task3,Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.(P288),Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-,deeper,contribute,explore,potential,how,productive,likely,produce,Nationally,dedicated,ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction,.,AmericasFailureinScienceEducation,ReadingMore,.,ReadingMore,GlobalUnderstanding,CriticalThinking,LanguagePoints,VocabularyinAction,1,2,3,4,.,Completethefollowingextractwithinformationfromthetext.Whenitcomestoeducatingthenextgenerationinsubjectsofscienceandtechnology,USstudentshavefallenfarbehindtheircompetitorsinmuchofWesternEuropeand1)_.AccordingtotheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy,bythetimeUSstudentsreachtheirsenioryearofhighschool,theyrankbelow2)_in17othercountriesin3)_.ThistrendhasdisturbingimplicationsnotjustforthefutureofAmericantechnologicalleadershipbutfor4)_.FederalReserveBoardChairmanAlanGreenspanwarnedthatthecountryhasdevelopedashortageofhighlyskilledworkersand5)_lesser-skilledworkersandtheNationalScienceBoardhasexpressedthesameconcerninarecentreport.,ReadingMoreGlobalUnderstanding,Asiannations,theircounterparts,mathandscienceliteracy,thebroadereconomy,asurplusof,.,Anumberoffactorscontributetothesituation.Firstly,untilnow,Americahascompensatedforitslackofeducatedscientistsby6)_.Butitmaynotbeabletocontinuetorelyonthisasbrilliantyoungscientistsinoverseascountriesfindtheyhave7)_intheirhomecountries.Secondly,PresidentBushseducation-reforminitiative,NoChildLeftBehind,maybe8)_,becauseNCLBcurrentlyrequiresthatstudentsbetestedonlyin9)_.Finally,thereisasevereshortageof10)_.Alargenumberofscienceteachersinhighschoolsdontevenhave11)_inscience.Moreover,eventhosewhohaveasciencedegreeareoftenteachingoutside12)_.,ReadingMoreGlobalUnderstanding,importingbrainpower,betterworkingopportunities,exacerbatingtheproblem,readingandmath,qualifiedscienceteachers,amajororminor,theirareaofexpertise,.,CriticalThinking,ReadingMore,.,Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartnerandthenreportyourideastotheclass.,ReadingMoreCriticalThinking,Doyouwanttofurtheryourstudyinanoverseascountry?Whyorwhynot?Ifyes,whichoverseascountrywillyouconsiderfirst?Why?,.,ReadingMoreCriticalThinking,TheauthorthinksthatbrightyoungIndianorChinesescientistsmaywellhavebetteropportunitiesathomethanintheUSasglobalizationaccelerates.Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?,.,1.Butbraceyourselfforwhatyoullfind.(Para.1)bracefor：tomentallyorphysicallyprepareforsomethingunpleasantthatisgoingtohappen使准备迎接（困难）e.g.1)Thecitybraceditselfforthepossibilityofanotherearthquake.2)Nancybracedherselffortheinevitablearguments.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,.,2.“thefuturestrengthoftheUSscienceandengineeringworkforceisimperiled,”(Para.3)imperil(v.):toputsomethingorsomeoneindanger危及e.g.Thewholeprojectwasimperiledbyalackoffunds.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,.,3.“theglobalcompetitionforscienceandengineeringtalentisintensifying.”(Para.5)intensify(v.):toincreaseindegreeorstrength,ortomakesomethingdothis加强，增强e.g.1)Hismothersdeathintensifiedhisloneliness.2)Economicconditionsintensifiedthepressureonindustrytoraiseprices.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,.,4.ButHanushekfiguresthatthe4%annualincreasealonewouldbeenoughtooffsettheentirecostofAmericaspublicK-126schoolsystemforthesameyear.(Para.7)offset(v.):ifthecostoramountofsomethingoffsetsanothercostoramount,thesituationisbalancedieitremainsthesame补偿，抵消e.g.1)Hewasabletooffsethistravelexpensesagainsttax.2)Thegainswereoffsetbythelossessotherewasnoprofit.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,5.“Ironically,PresidentBushseducation-reforminitiative,NoChildLeftBehind,maybeexacerbatingtheproblem.(Para.9),exacerbate(v.):tomakeabadsituationworse使加剧，使恶化e.g.Idontwanttoexacerbatethesituation.,.,6.Youdonthavetobeascientisttorecognizethatthestatusquoisarecipeforbigtrouble.(Para.11)bearecipefor:tobelikelytocauseaparticularresult很可能是造成的原因；是的秘诀e.g.1)Goodfriends,plentyoffoodandawarmatmospherearearecipeforasuccessfulparty.2)Hesaidthatfivesmallboysonskiswouldbearecipefordisaster;itwouldnotbeaholiday.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,.,7.Asthingsstandnow,sciencegraduatessimplyhavetoomanylucrativealternativestoteaching.(Para.13)lucrative(adj.):profitable;ajoboractivitythatislucrativeletsyouearnalotofmoney赚钱的e.g.1)Theynegotiatedalucrativecontractthathelpedtosavethecompanyfrombankruptcy.2)Thousandsofex-armyofficershavefoundlucrativejobsinprivatesecurityfirms.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,.,Task1,Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-,Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P295),ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,A,C,B,D,C,A,B,C,A,C,.,Task2,1.sweepA.Theywanttomake_changestoeducationpolicies.B.Bert_thepathinfrontofthehouse.2.addressA.ThenewPresidentdeliveredhisinaugural_inCreole.B.Ourproducts_theneedsofserioususers.,Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning.(P295),ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,sweeping(adj.),swept(v.),address(n.),address(v.),.,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,3.stunA.Redfern_thecrowdwithalast-minutegoal.B.Youlookabsolutely_inthatdress.4.ironicA.Yourcarwasstolenatthepolicestation!How_!B._;hiscoldgotbetteronthelastdayofhisholiday.5.contendA.Threearmedgroupsare_forpower.B.Sheisastrong_fortheTeacheroftheYear.,stunned(v.),stunning(adj.),ironic(adj.),Ironically(adv.),contending(v.),contender(n.),.,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,6.depressA.Thewholeexperiencewasvery_.B.Thethoughtoftakingtheexamagain_him.7.figureA.Government_underestimatetheproblem.B.Fromthewayhebehaved,I_thathewasdrunk.8.rankA.DuringthewarHaroldhadrisentothe_ofmajor.B.Thetaskshavebeen_inorderofdifficulty.,depressing(adj.),depressed(v.),figures(n.),figured(v.),rank(n.),ranked(v.),.,9.qualifyA.Freeschoollunchesaregiventochildrenwho_.B.IfyoudontspeakGerman,yourenot_tocomment.10.majorA.Therearetwo_politicalpartiesintheUS.B.Hes_inPoliticalScience.,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,qualify(v.),qualified(adj.),major(adj.),majoring(v.),.,PracticalTranslation,.,英语抽象名词分为品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词两大类。,品质抽象名词品质抽象名词，一旦具体化，就可以指称人或事的某种品质、特点、状态，或是具有这种品质、特点、状态的人和事。翻译这些抽象名词时往往可以在其后面加上一些表示品质、特点、状态等方面的词来表示它们的用法。,抽象名词的翻译,.,Meanwhileindividualschoolsaremovingontheirowntoredresstheimbalancebetweenteachingandresearch.译文：与此同时，各学校正采取措施纠正教学与科研不平衡的状况。2.Pennsylvaniarecentlyrequiredthestates162collegesanduniversitiestotestandcertifythefluencyoftheirfaculties.译文：宾夕法尼亚近来要求本州的162所学院和大学教员的英语流利程度进行测试并提供证明。,此例中的imbalance若译成汉语的“不平衡”，不是很符合汉语的行文习惯，因此翻译时把它具体化为“不平衡的状况”。,本例中的fluency处理成“流利程度”较字面上的“流利”更符合汉语的表达习惯。,.,行为抽象名词行为抽象名词一旦具体化，就可以指称行为动作的具体过程、性质、状态、特点以及行为动作的时间、地点、程度、原因、结果等。在翻译时同样可以加上适当的词来表明它们的用法,.,1.Anditisnotwhetheruniversitieshaveproducedvaluableresearchandscholarship.译文：问题也不在于大学是否已取得有价值的科研成果和学术成就。2.By1980,however,visitorsbegancomplainingaboutcrimesdowntown.译文：然而到了1980年，外来的游客开始对闹市区的犯罪活动怨声载道。,把抽象名词research和scholarship分别译为“科研成果”和“学术成就”，更符合汉语的表达习惯，增强了译文的可读性。,crimes作为一个复数抽象名词，此处有“多起犯罪事件”之意，故译作“犯罪活动”。,.,TranslatethefollowingsentencesandparagraphintoChinese.1.Thisisthebestsolutiontoyourproblem.2.Wehavemadesomeachievements,andwemustguardagainstcomplacency.3.Theremediesyouproposeareneatandeasybutimpossible.4.Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertainconditions.5.InAustralia,youllevenfindjudgescriticizingthelanguageoflegislationandcontracts.,.,6.Itsideals,craftedovermanygenerations,aremeanttosuffusethenationalconsciousness.Itsscholarsandteachersaremeanttomoveinandoutoftheacademyinpursuitofopportunitiestousetheirexpertiseinpublicservice,inpursuitofcreativeworkthatwillgiveusilluminationandinsightandinpursuitofwaystoturnlaboratorydiscoveriesintousefulthings.,.,TranslationforReference:1.这是你那问题最好的解决方案。2.我们取得了一些成绩，但要防止自满情绪。3.你提的补救措施倒是干脆利落、轻而易举，但是行不通。4.人们从水的蒸发现象了解到，液体在一定条件下能变成气体。5.在澳大利亚，人们甚至可以发现，法官们也在指责立法条文和合同条款中的语言。,.,TranslationforReference:6.（高校的）理想，经由多少代人的铸造，旨在渗入国民意识之中。学者和教师必定要周旋于学院内外以寻觅运用他们的才能为公众服务的机会，寻觅能给我们带来启发和见识的创造性工作，寻觅把实验室的研究发现转化为实际应用的途径。,.,Reports,FocusedWriting,.,Reportscanbeofvariouskinds,suchasnewsreports,experimental(orlaboratory)reports,survey/researchreports,fieldstudyreports,businessreports.,FocusedWritingW