托福-阅读长难句.ppt

阅读中的长难句,TOEFL,ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.,ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.,ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。,长难句类型：,1、主语或宾语拉长2、分词短语打头3、多个谓语动词连用4、插入语5、并列结构使得句子变长6、多重复合句叠加,总原则：浓缩主干，找出核心句型,1、主语或宾语拉长解决方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后各个击破。Thedeserts,whichalreadyoccupyaboutafourthoftheEarthslandsurface,haveinrecentdecadesbeenincreasingatanalarmingpace.(OGPractice2)Note:occupy占据；surface表面；alarming令人担忧的；,1、主语或宾语拉长解决方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后各个击破。Thedeserts,whichalreadyoccupyaboutafourthoftheEarthslandsurface,haveinrecentdecadesbeenincreasingatanalarmingpace.(OGPractice2)Note:occupy占据；surface表面；alarming令人担忧的；,1、主语或宾语拉长解决方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后各个击破。Thedeserts,whichalreadyoccupyaboutafourthoftheEarthslandsurface,haveinrecentdecadesbeenincreasingatanalarmingpace.(OGPractice2)Note:occupy占据；surface表面；decade十年；alarming令人担忧的；pace步伐，速度,2、分词短语打头句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。Workinginacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofMarland,Pennsylvania,theConservancysBudSmithisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.Note：Conservancy大自然保护协会,2、分词短语打头句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。Workinginacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofMarland,Pennsylvania,theConservancysBudSmithisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthenvironmentalprotection.Note：Conservancy大自然保护协会,2、分词短语打头句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。Workinginacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofMarland,Pennsylvania,theConservancysBudSmithisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.Note：Conservancy大自然保护协会,2、分词短语打头句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。Havinglittleunderstandingofnaturalcauses,itattributesbothdesirableandundesirableoccurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,anditsearchesformeanstowinthefavoroftheseforces.（TPO）Note：itreferstosociety,2、分词短语打头句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。Havinglittleunderstandingofnaturalcauses,itattributesbothdesirableandundesirableoccurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,anditsearchesformeanstowinthefavoroftheseforces.Note：itreferstosociety,介词短语位于句首类似分词短语形式。InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.,介词短语位于句首类似分词短语形式。InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.,介词短语位于句首类似分词短语形式。InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.,turntosbforsth,有一段时间，美国的儿童学业表现不尽如人意，许多人于是转向日本，想从中寻求可能的解决办法，因为日本不仅经济实力强，而且学术成就也很高。,3、多个谓语动词连用,解决方法：遇到多个谓语动词连用情况要分清主句谓语动词和从句的谓语动词。英语句子本身就犹如一棵大树，只能有一个主干起支撑作用，其他起辅助作用。,Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflumaymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.Notes:scratchy痒的；stuffy不通气的；Spell：引起；makeadifference有影响，有关系,Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflumaymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.Notes:scratchy痒的；stuffy不通气的；Spell：引起；makeadifference有影响，有关系,Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Foundation地基Insert插入Vibration震动,Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Foundation地基Insert插入Vibration震动,Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Foundation地基Insert插入Vibration震动后来，人们试图解除了它的基础建设，并插入橡胶之间的建筑物和地基钢铁以减少地表震动的影响。,4、插入语提示词suchas;forexample;including,破折号前后逗号隔开.快速阅读的时候通常会把它省略，即忽略不看。但是，如果根据文章问题回原文定位句子时，如果定位的关键句子包含了以上插入语中的任何一种形式，则答案往往就在此处。例如：,Itispossiblethattubesmadefromanimalboneswereusedforsprayingbecausehollowbones,somestainedwithpigment,havebeenfoundnearby.(TPO),Itispossiblethattubesmadefromanimalboneswereusedforsprayingbecausehollowbones,somestainedwithpigment,havebeenfoundnearby.(TPO)Pigment:颜色,Itispossiblethattubesmadefromanimalboneswereusedforsprayingbecausehollowbones,somestainedwithpigment,havebeenfoundnearby.(TPO)Pigment:颜色,Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupportfinancialaid,materialresources,andneededservicesthatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.Q：HelpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleofA.instrumentalsupportB.informationalsupportC.socialcompanionshipD.thestrengtheningofself-respect,在主语后面加上同位语、插入语、或非限制性定语从句，（甚至是一个句子的主干主语）注意：发现主语后面有一个逗号，立刻寻找另一个逗号，中间的内容跳读！,Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweeksJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Getalift搭便车,5、并列结构连用使得句子变长（单词，短语，句子都可以并列）并列结构是托福阅读理解中的主要句式。出题人会把几个成分相同的并列句子，通过剔除多余成分从而使其合并为一个很长的句子。解决方法：破解这样句子的关键是要弄清楚两个句子的逻辑关系，补全成分后重新还原为几个单独的句子即可。例如：,5.并列结构,One,setforthbyAristotleinthefourthcenturyB.C.,seeshumansasnaturallyimitativeastakingpleasureinimitatingpersons,things,andactionsandinseeingsuchimitations.(TPO)Note：setforth提出；imitative模仿的；seeas把看作；,5.并列结构,One,setforthbyAristotleinthefourthcenturyB.C.,seeshumansasnaturallyimi