高中英语语法专题复习--动词和动词短语.ppt

动词与动词短语,一、及物动词与不及物动词常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept,admire,admit,affect,afford,discover,educate,enjoy,explain,forget,guess,invent,love,post,raise等。,知识梳理,常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有：1.直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring,give,hand,pass,post,promise,read,return,show,teach,tell,lend等。2.直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy,choose,cook,draw,find,fetch,make,order,paint,purchase,save,spare等。3.既可加to，也可加for的动词：do,get,play,sing等。,常见的不及物动词主要有：ache,agree,apologize,appear,arrive,come,go,cry,dance,die,disappear,dream,exist,fall,flow,graduate,sit,stand,stay,wait,rise,lie,happen等。,二、延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词可用于完成时，与以下几种时间状语连用：for+段时间，since+点时间，since+一段时间+ago，since+从句（一般过去时）等。常见的这类动词有：have,possess,keep,know,learn,live,read,sleep,wait,work,look,hear,smell等。,终止性动词不可用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定形式多与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till.”的句型，意为“直到才”。如：IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.,三、常见的短语动词有以下五种：1.动词+介词“动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：agreeon,burstinto,callon,consistof,dealwith,depend/relyon,dieof/from,dreamof,feellike,getinto,hearfrom,insiston,look/stare/glareat,preparefor,resultin,setabout等。,2.动词+副词1)用作及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有bringup,cutoff,figureout,putout,takedown,takeover,throwaway,turndown,turnover等。2)用作不及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有breakdown,dieaway,givein,goahead,hangon,runaway,standout,setoff,wakeup等。,3.动词+名词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catchsightof,comparenoteswith,declarewaron/upon,getridof,haveawordwith,makefunof,makeuseof,makepreparationsfor,payattentionto,takecareof,takeholdof,takeadvantageof,takechargeof等。,4.动词+副词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catchupwith,comeupwith,datebackto,putupwith,goinfor,runoutof等。5.be+形容词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：beaccustomed/usedto,beafraidof,bedevotedto,befondof,befamiliarwith,befamousfor,befit/suitablefor等。,动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括：1.动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。,考点归纳,Ifsteelisheavierthanwater,whyareshipsableto_onthesea?【2015浙江】A.floatB.drownC.shrinkD.split,2.动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语辨析、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get,turn,make,put,go,give,break,cut,come,look,keep,bring,show,pick,hold,fall,carry,pull,catch,call,take等。,除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光，磨光(本意)修正，文饰(引申);sniff嗅，闻(本意)鄙视地说(引申);breakdown发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申);lookinto向里面看(本意)调查，研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意；workout基本意思为“解决，算出，制订出”，还有“锻炼”的意思。,Bodylanguagecan_alotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.【2015浙江】takeawayB.throwawayC.putawayD.giveaway,3.考查无关联的动词辨析做这类试题时，应充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。Studieshaveshownthattherightandleftear_sounddifferently.【2015浙江】A.produceB.pronounceC.processD.download,4.考查动词搭配这类试题主要考查常见动词的固定搭配。See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesnt_sensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.【2015天津】haveB.makeC.displayD.bring,热点考向1动词词义辨析1.主要考点:考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化,把动词放在语境中进行考查。2.突破技巧:这类试题的选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。,热点预测,热点考向2高频动词短语意义辨析主要考点:考查主要集中于高频的动词短语,如break,bring,call,come,get,go,make,take,turn,put,pick,hold,keep,look,carry,set,cut,show,pull等构成的短语。需要特别关注:,1.breakbreakawayfrom放弃,打破;脱离关系breakdown发生故障;(计划等)失败;(精神、身体)垮掉;分解breakin闯入,插嘴breakinto闯入breakout(战争、瘟疫等)爆发,突然发生breakup打碎,分手,分开,关系破裂,2.bringbringabout导致,造成,引起bringdown使倒下,使降低bringin引进;带来;赚得;收获bringforward提出;提前bringout出版;生产;使显现bringup抚养,教育;提出;呕吐,3.callcallfor要求;需要;去取或去接callback回电话;回忆起callin召集;请;召来;顺便来访callup打电话给;召集;使想起calloff取消callon号召,拜访,ecomeabout发生cometo苏醒;总计comeacross偶遇;无意中发现cometrue实现,成为现实(不及物)comeout出版;结果是comeup(建议、计划等)被提出comeupwith提出(建议、计划等)comeon(催促)快点;(鼓励)加油;(不耐烦)得了,算了吧!,5.getgetacross解释清楚;使被理解getawayfrom避免;摆脱,逃离getawaywith侥幸成功;侥幸做成getaround四处走动;传播开来getdownto开始认真做某事getalong/onwith进展;与相处getover克服;恢复getridof摆脱;除去getthrough通过;完成;接通电话,6.givegiveaway赠送;泄露;分发giveback归还givein屈服;让步;投降;认输giveout分发;发出;公布;用尽giveup放弃,7.gogoagainst违背;不利于;反对goahead开始(做某事);(表同意)goaround参观;(消息)传播goby过去;经过godown下降;下沉goon继续;发生;进行goover复习,仔细检查gothrough穿过;经历;仔细检查gowith与相配gowithout没有也行,8.holdholdback犹豫;隐瞒;阻止holdon=hangon别挂断;等一会儿;坚持holdout坚持;伸出holdup举起;阻挡,使耽搁holdonto紧紧抓住;保留;不放弃,9.keepkeepawayfrom远离;避开keepback留下;隐瞒;克制(感情)keepon继续;坚持下去keepoutof置身于外;避开keepup保持;继续;不低落keepupwith跟上;keepaneyeoutfor密切注意;留心;警惕keepaneyeon照看;密切注视,10.leaveleavealone不打扰;不理,不管leavebehind留下;丢下,丢弃leaveout遗漏,忽略,11.looklookaround环顾四周lookawayfrom把目光从移开lookinto调查;窥视lookbackon/upon回忆，回顾lookup查找,查询;向上看lookupto尊敬;敬仰lookdownupon歧视,看不起lookforwardto盼望;期待lookthrough浏览;快速查看lookout(for)当心,留意,小心lookon旁观,12.makemakeuseof利用makeup组成;编造;化妆;和解makeupfor补偿;弥补makefor走向;有助于;促成,导致makesense有意义;有道理;讲得通makesenseof理解;弄明白makeout理解;分辨出,辨认出makeit成功,13.putputaside撇开;暂不考虑;储蓄putaway收拾,整理;储存putback把放回原处;推迟putforward提出;拨快putdown记下,写下,镇压putout伸出;扑灭;生产;出版putup建造,张贴;提供住宿putupwith忍受;容忍puton穿上,增加,上演,14.setsetaside划出;留出;拨出setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事setout出发,动身setouttodosth.着手做某事setoff动身;引起;使爆炸setup建立,创立,15.turnturnaway走开;转过脸去turndown拒绝;关小,调低turnup开大;出现,到场turnout结果是,证明是;生产turnover翻转;翻阅,仔细考虑turnagainst反对;背叛turnto转向;求助于,16.taketakeafter长得像某人takeapart拆开;拆卸takeback收回,撤销takedown记下;拆卸;取下takeaway带走,拿走,剥夺takeup从事;占据(时间、空间);着手处理;接着做,takein吸收;接受;理解,欺骗takeoff起飞;脱下;成功,takeon呈现;具有;承担;雇用takeover接管,接收takeadvantageof利用takeiteasy放松,别紧张takeyourtime慢慢来,别着急takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事takeaction采取行动,热点考向3常见的系动词的用法1.表示变化类的系动词，如:become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,make等。2.表示感觉类的系动词，如:feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。3.表示状态类的系动词，如:keep,remain,stand,stay,lie等。4.表示“像”类系动词，主要有seem,appear,look,表示“看起来，似乎，显得”。,5.此类系动词的特点：只适用于主动语态；只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于进行时态)。,热点考向4动词的一词多义用法很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此要进行专门复习，常见的有：1.act(v.&n.行动)e.g.Itwilltakeseveralhoursbeforethedrugreallyacts.(vi.起作用)2.address(n.地址；vt.写地址)e.g.PresidentObamawasscheduledtoaddresstheAmericanpeopleontheeveningofMay7.(vt.向做演说),3.appreciate(vt.欣赏，感激，感谢)e.g.Theysoonappreciatedthatitmustbeawell-designedtrap.(v.意识到)4.attend(vt.参加，出席)e.g.Withseveralpatientstoattendthatnight,thenursefeltverytired.(vt.照料，照顾)Withthreekidsattendinghighschoolinthetown,thecouplehadtoworkdayandnighttoearnmoremoney.(vt.上学),5.count(n.&v.计数，数)e.g.Itisnotwhatyouarethinkingbutwhatyouaredoingthatcounts.(v.重要，有价值)6.escape(vi.逃跑，逃脱)e.g.Isawafamiliarfaceinthecrowd.However,hisnameescapedmeforthemoment.(vt.被忘掉)Theharmfulgasesareescapingfromthepipe.(vi.泄漏，漏出),7.fail(vi.失败)e.g.Freshvegetablesusedtofailinwinter.(vi.不足，缺乏)Withtimepassingby,hismemoryisfailing.(vi.衰退)Tryasthefamilymight,theyfailedtofindthelostchildinthetown.(vi.未能)8.introduce(vt.介绍)e.g.WhentomatoeswerefirstintroducedintoEurope,theydidntacceptthematall.(vt.引入),9.make(vt.制造)e.g.Newlawshavebeenmadetoprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.(vt.制定)Heismakinghisowntroublebydoingthis.(vt.引起，导致，造成)Shewillmakeagreatteacher.(vt.成为，使形成),10.observe(vt.观察)e.g.Havinglivedabroadformanyyears,hestillobservedtheoldtraditionsandcustoms.(vt.遵守)Everyyear,wewillobservethetraditionalSpringFestivalindifferentways.(vt.庆祝)11.work(v.&n.工作)e.g.Themedicinewillsoonwork.(vi.起作用)Themachineworksverywell.(vi.运转),1.Tomhadto_theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.【2015天津】A.turninB.turndownC.turnoverD.turnto【解析】上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turnin上交；turndown拒绝；turnover移交；turnto求助。,真题自测,2.Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesor_ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.【2015浙江】A.blockoffB.appealtoC.subscribetoD.comeacross【解析】我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。blockoff封锁，appealto吸引，subscribeto订阅，comeacross遇到。,3.Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,youdbetter_yourdoctoratonce.【2015天津】A.convinceB.consultC.avoidD.affect【解析】如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。convince说服；consult咨询；avoid避免；affect影响。,4.Peterwill_hispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.【2015陕西】A.takeupB.putupC.addupD.breakup【解析】Peter在下月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。takeup拿起，开始从事；putup竖立；搭建；addup加起来；breakup结束；分解。,5.Thewholeteam_CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.【2015江苏】A.waitonB.focusonC.countonD.callon【解析】全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A“服侍，等待”；B“集中（注意力）于”；C“指望”；D“呼吁，拜访”。,6.IfyoucometovisitChina,youwill_acultureofamazingdepthandvariety.【2015安徽】A.developB.createC.substituteD.experience【解析】如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。A发展，培养；B创造；C代替；D经历。,7.Inordernottobeheard,shepointedherfingerupwardsto_thatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.【2015湖北】A.whisperB.signalC.declareD.complain【解析】为了能够被听到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在楼上走动。A项“低声说，私语”；B项“发信号，（用手势）示意”；C项“（正式）宣称”；D项“抱怨”。,用适当的动词填空。1.Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutfinallyshe_voicetoheropiniononthesubject.（天津2016）2.Imgoingto_advantageofthistourtoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.（天津2016）3.IhateitwhenshecallsmeatworkImalwaystoobusyto_onaconversationwithher.（天津2016）,gave,take,carry,4.Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshave_offthankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.（江苏2016）5.Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan_us.（浙江2016）,taken,divide,I.选用括号内合适的内容填空。1.Weallagreedthatthecottagewould_(make/turn)aperfectholidayhomeforthefamily.2.Thebeautifulcloudsmaybe_(promise/record)afinedaytomorrow.3.WhileImworkingIdontwantpeopletocometomydeskjustto_(ignore/interrupt)me.,巩固练习,make,promise,interrupt,4.Itissaidthataplanisbeingmadethatwill_(cost/charge)usersfordownloadingmusicfromtheInternet,butthepricewillbeverylow.5.Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoreto_(narrow/leave)thegapbetweenthemsothattheycanunderstandeachotherbetter.6.Withtheheavyburdenofstudy,moreandmorechildrenseyesightisbeginningto_(fall/fail).,charge,narrow,fall,7.Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbeginto_(decline/differ)fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.8.Theparentsonly_(concerned/involved)themselveswithmakingmoneyandignoredtheleft-behindchildrenseducationandlife.9.DuringtheSpringFestival,friendsmayge