chapter医学词汇的特点课稿.ppt

ChapterThree,CharacteristicsofMedicalTerms,PronunciationofMedicalterms,medicaltermsdifficulttopronouncepartlyattributedtothelargenumberofloanwords,PronunciationofMedicalterms,chancre下疳,梅毒性溃疡goiter甲状腺肿grand/petitmal癫痫大小发作lavage灌洗massage按摩,PronunciationofMedicalterms,Pleasereferto李定钧医学英语词汇学p70-73ThestressofalongmedicalwordismostcommonlyontheTHIRDtothelastsyllable.e.g.cholecystectomy7kClisis5tektEmi,7kEuli-,PronunciationofMedicalterms,Usuallydeterminedbysuffixese.g.-algiahepatalgia,adenalgia,laryngalgia-phobiaHydrophobia,claustrophobia-meterThermometer,sphygmomanometer-itisGastritis,arthritis,appendicitis,endocervicitis,PronunciationofMedicalterms,trytoreadthefollowingmedicalterms:Tonsillectomy7tCnsE5lektEmiVertigo,PronunciationofMedicalterms,trytoreadthefollowingmedicalterms:SciaticasaI5AtIkESyncope5siNkEpi,PronunciationofMedicalterms,trytoreadthefollowingmedicalterms:Tachypnea7tAkip5ni:EDysentery5dIsEntrI;(?)5dIsEnterIMucopolysaccharidosismjU:kEJ9pClI9sAkEraIdEJsIsNyctalopia7niktE5lEupiE,PronunciationofMedicalterms,Readthefollowingsentence:ThesesubtypesdifferbecauseofchangesincertainproteinsonthesurfaceoftheinfluenzaAvirus(hemagglutininHAandneuraminidaseNAproteins).,PronunciationofMedicalterms,influenzahemagglutinin5hi:mE5lu:tinin,hemE-neuraminidase7njurE5minEdeisprotein5prEuti:n,PronunciationofSomeIndividualletters,c:kbeforea,o,u,cardiac5kB:diAkcarcinoma7kB:si5nEumEleucocyte5lju:kE7sait,PronunciationofSomeIndividualletters,c:sbeforee,i,yparacentesis7pArEsEn5ti:sisplacentaplE5sentEacidpregnancyemergency;,PronunciationofSomeIndividualletters,g：gbeforea,o,ugastralAstrElacromegaly9AkrEJmeElI(肢端肥大症),antagonismAn5tAEnizEm(对抗作用)regulatoranticoagulant5AntikEu5AjulEnt(抗凝(血)剂),PronunciationofSomeIndividualletters,g：dVbeforee,i,yagentemergencyageanalgesia7AnAl5dVi:zjE,PronunciationofSomeIndividualletters,Initialx:zxacorin5zAkErin茶碱胆碱xalogenzA5lCdVEn眠尔通,xanthelasma7zAnWE5lAzmE黄斑瘤xanthocyanopsia7zAnWEu7saiE5nCpsiE红绿色盲,黄蓝视症,PronunciationofSomeIndividualletters,inotherplaces:ksanthrax5AnWrAks炭疽,axillaAk5silE(掖窝)examination.,PronunciationofSomeConsonantcombinations,Ch,phandrharethreeconsonantcombinations.Theyappearinawordasaunitandtheirpronunciationsseemtohavenothingtodowithindividualconstant.,PronunciationofSomeConsonantcombinations,ch：tFchokechest,PronunciationofSomeConsonantcombinations,ch：kstomachchromosome5krEumEsEum,cholecystectomy7kClisis5tektEmi,7kEuli-(胆囊切除术)chroniccholecystitis7kClisis5taitis(胆囊炎),PronunciationofSomeConsonantcombinations,chorbothcatechin5kAtitFin,-kin儿茶酚.,PronunciationofSomeConsonantcombinations,phusuallyfpheromone5ferEmEun信息素pheron5ferCn酶蛋白,phoresisfEu5ri:sis(=cataphoresis)7kAtEfE5ri:sis电泳现象,phase,PronunciationofSomeConsonantcombinations,rhrrhabdomyolysis9rAbdEJmaIEJlIsIs横纹肌溶解rhabdovirusrAbdEJ9vaIErEs,9rAbdEJv-棒状病毒,rhinal5rainlrhinalgiarai5nAldViErhinitisrai5naitis,PronunciationofSomeDoubleConsonants,Atthebeginningofaword,thefirstconsonantofdoubleconstants,includingcn,gn,mn,pn,ps,andpt,issilent.However,thetwoconsonantsarepronouncedifthepairappearinthemiddleofaword.,PronunciationofSomeDoubleConsonants,Initialcn:ncnidoblastnaIdEJblB:st(刺细胞)kngastrocnemius7AstrCk5ni:miEs腓肠肌,PronunciationofSomeDoubleConsonants,gn:ngnarl(节，瘤)gnathal5nAWEl(颚的,颌的),gnotobiology7nEutEubai5ClEdVi限菌生物学,无菌生物学butnprognosisprC5nEusis,PronunciationofSomeDoubleConsonants,mn:nmnemeni:mI记忆力mnamnesiaAm5ni:zjE.,PronunciationofSomeDoubleConsonants,pn：npneodynamics7ni:Eu7dai5nAmiks呼吸动力学,pneophorus7ni:5CfErEs人工呼吸器pneumoniapnapneaAp5ni:E,PronunciationofSomeDoubleConsonants,ps：spsicaine5saikein赛卡因,psychalgia7sai5kAldViE精神性痛pseudo,inthemiddleofaword：psapselaphesia7ApselE5fi:ziE触觉缺失.,PronunciationofSomeDoubleConsonants,pt：tptyalin5taiElin唾液淀粉酶ptoma5tEumE尸体,ptomatopsy7tEumE5tCpsi尸体剖检pteridine5terE7di:n蝶啶pthemoptysishi5mCptisis咳血,咯血.,PronunciationofMedicalterms,trytoreadthefollowingmedicalterms:PneumococcalmeningitisPneumothoraxPsychoticPtosisPtyalography涎管(X线)造影术7taiE5lCrEfiPyelonephritis7paiElEuni5fraitis肾盂肾炎,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,invariablysingularespeciallynounsdenotingdiseaseseventhoughsomeofthemendwithssuchashemophilia,arrhythmiaadenitis,appendicitisarthritisbronchitisdiabeteshepatitismeaslesmumpsricketsshingles,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-a(Latin)-aeampullaampullae（壶腹）conjunctivaconjunctivae（结膜）maxillamaxillae（颚,颚板,上颌骨）,pleurapleurae（胸膜，肋膜）scapulascapulae（肩胛骨）vertebravertebrae（脊椎骨,椎骨）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-oma(Greek)-mataenemaenemata（灌肠）fibromafibromata(fibromas)（纤维瘤）,lymphomalymphomata（淋巴瘤）stomastomata（气孔，人造口）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-um(Latin)-aflagellumflagella（鞭毛，鞭状体）labiumlabia（唇）,mediummedia,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-on(Greek)-aencephalonencephala（脑,脑髓）ganglionganglia（神经节，神经中枢）,phenomenonphenomena（现象）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-is(Greek)-esanalysisanalyses（分析,分解）arthrosisarthroses（关节,关节病）crisiscrises（危象,转换期）,dermatosisdermatoses（皮肤病）epiphysisepiphyses（骨骺）neurosisneuroses（神经病；神经官能症）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-is(Greek)-es（2）paralysisparalyses（瘫痪,麻痹）psychosispsychoses（精神病；变态心理）pubispubes（尺骨）,testistestes（睾丸thesistheses（论题,论文）urinalysisurinalyses（尿分析,验尿）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-is(Greek)-idesarthritisarthritides（关节炎）,glottisglottides（声门）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-us(Latin)-ibacillusbacilli（杆状菌,细菌）bronchusbronchi（支气管）,coccuscocci（球菌）focusfoci（病灶）fungusfungi（真菌）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-us(Latin)-I(2)humerushumeri（肱骨，上膊骨）locusloci（轨迹，位点）nodulusnoduli（小节）,radiusradii（挠骨）renculusrenculi（肾小叶）thrombusthrombi（血栓）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-us(Latin)-eragenusgenera（类；属）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-us(Latin)-oracorpuscorpora（体）,stercusstercora（粪）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-ex(Latin)-ices/esapexapices/apexes（顶点,尖）cortexcortices/cortexes（皮质，皮层）,pollexpllices（拇指）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-ix(Latin)-ices/esappendixappendices/appendixes（阑尾,盲肠）cervixcervices/cervixes（颈部,子宫颈）,varixvarices（静脉曲张）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-ax(Greek)-aces/esthoraxthoraces/thoraxes（胸，胸部，胸腔）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-inx(Greek)-igesmeninxmeninges（脑膜）,PluralFormsofMedicalTerms,-s(Latin)-savasvasa（管，血管，脉管）,SynonymousPhenomenonofMedicalTerms,differentoriginsOldEnglish,Latin,Greek,FrenchandotherlanguagesOneresult：differentelements,orevenwordsareusedtorefertothesameconcept,thingoridea.Overlappinginreferenceisverycommoninmedicalterminology.,SynonymousPhenomenonofMedicalTerms,SynonymousPhenomenonofMedicalT