Lecture 6 Cohesion in CE Translation

.,Lecture6CoherenceinCETranslation(P.56-68oftextbook),ReferentialcohesionStructuralcohesionContrastsoftheuseof“this”and“that”betweenChineseandEnglishLexicalcohesion,.,Referentialcohesion,ReferentialcohesionAbsenceofrelativepronouninChinese;presenceofitinEnglish.Inmanycases,thepersonalpronounsinChinesecorrespondwiththerelativepronounsinEnglish.这本书是KEVIN留下的，他刚才到这儿来过。ThisbookwasleftbyKEVIN,whowashereamomentago.,.,Referentialcohesion,P.57.Noticetheuseof“which”Theonlythingthathadinterestedusintheuglystonewasalittlepitontopofit,whichwasfilledwithwateronrainydays.,.,Referentialcohesion,RichuseofpersonalpronounsinEnglishVS.repetitionofthenoun(theaddressed)inChinese.黛玉磕着瓜子，只管抿着嘴笑。可巧黛玉的丫鬟雪雁来给黛玉送小手炉。Daiyuhadbeensmilingrathercrypticallyasshecrackedmelon-seeds.NowhermaidXueyanbroughtinherlittlehand-stove.,.,Contrastsoftheuseof“this”and“that”betweenChineseandEnglish,Contrastsoftheuseof“this”and“that”betweenChineseandEnglishInChinesetexts,“zhe”mayrefertowhatonehassaidormentioned.Inasimilarcontext,“that”isthechoiceinEnglishtexts.她发出一声呻吟似的低语：“你今晚才象个大人。”他微笑了。“这正是我想说的话。”(琼瑶：雁儿在林梢),.,“zhe”,“zhe”mayrefertoaveryrecentoccurrence,“that”isusedinEnglish.Hesaidnothingforamoment.Then:“Iscribbledsomethinginmynotebooktheotherdayforfutureuse,justhadtheideathatwhiledrivingalong;thathappensalot”.,.,Contrastsoftheuseof“this”and“that”betweenChineseandEnglish,“this”and“that”inChinesemaybeusedtoindicatepsychologicaldistance(onemayuse“this”eventhoughthethingreferredtoisdistantintime).她到现在还记得很明白的是五六年前的土地庙的香市中看见一只常常会笑的猴子，一口的牙齿那么白！但这也是他最后一次快乐的纪念Shecouldstillrememberthemonkeyshehadseenseveralyearsbeforeatatemplefairathomeitkeptgrinningandshowingamouthfulofwhiteteeth.Thatwasherlast,happymemory,.,.,“this”and“that,whenreferringbacktothestatementpreviouslymade,“this”ispreferredinChinesewhile“that”ismorecustomaryinEnglish.Tobeornottobe:thatisaquestion.可是老王身上确实有足以吸引她的地方.他人很聪明，这个她看得出来。ButtherewassomethinginLaoWang(Mr.Wang)thatdidinteresther.Therewasintelligence;shecouldsensethat.,.,Contrastsoftheuseof“this”and“that”betweenChineseandEnglish,“the”inEnglishand“zeroanaphora”inChinese(p.58)(10).大约到了19世纪初马被蒸汽火车头取代了。Itwasnotuntilthebeginningofthe19thcenturythatthehorsewasreplacedbythesteamlocomotive.,.,Structuralcohesion,Structuralcohesion(co-reference;ellipsis;substitution;andconjuction).Pleaserefertothetextbook.这是第一个孩子，没见过世面，老是躲躲闪闪的。Thisismyfirstchild.Hehasnotseenmuchoflife/muchsociety/hasseenlittleoftheworld,soheisalwaysshyandawkward.,.,Structuralcohesion,教室太吵，宿舍太闷，校园里的树林中，小河边，假山旁，芳草上全是同学知己，一个个手捧书本，口中念念有词。Asand,i,onlytofind/andfound,in,by,andon,withand(Conjunction!),.,Structuralcohesion,你去说服他吧，昨晚我跟他谈了一夜，尽了力了。Youtrytopersuadehimnow.Italkedtohimalllastnight,thereforeIvedonemypart(N.Mailer).酒不醉人自醉。Itisnotthewinethatintoxicatesbutthedrinkerwhogetshimselfdrunk.,.,Structuralcohesion,一定的文化（当作观念形态的文化）是一定社会政治和经济的反映，又给予一定社会的政治和经济以巨大的作用和影响。Anygivenculture(asanideologicalform)isareflectionofthepoliticsandeconomicsofagivensociety,andtheformeratthesametimeexertsatremendouseffectuponthelatter.,.,Structuralcohesion,凤子于我不只是妻子，她是中国不分割的一部分，是流淌在我和中国之间的一条永续不段的溪流，其间荡漾着一个民族、一种文化、一个社会的精髓。沙博理SidneyShapiroPhoenixwasmorethanawifetome./ShewasanintegralpartofChina,acontinualstreamthatflowedbetweenChinaandme,theessenceofapeople,aculture,asociety.,.,Structuralcohesion,我们国家大，人口多，农业要搞上去，最重要的还是要调动我国农民的积极性，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。Agriculturaladvancementinsovastacountry,withsolargeapopulation,requiresaboveeverythingelsemobilizingtheinitiativeofalltheChinesefarmerstoworkhardwithaspiritofself-reliance.,.,Structuralcohesion,你本身不善解人意，别人就不能理解你。Hecannotmakehimselfunderstoodwhodoesnothimselfeasilyunderstand.,.,Lexicalcohesion,Lexicalcohesion城乡改革的基本政策，一定要长期保持稳定。当然，随着实践的发展，该完善的完善，该修补的修补，但总的要坚定不移。即使没有新的主意也可以。就是不要变，不要使人们感到政策变了。Thebasicpoliciesforurbanandruralreformmustbekeptstableforalongtimetocome.Ofcourse,asthereformprogresses,someofthesepoliciesshouldbeimprovedoramendedasnecessary.Butweshouldkeeptothegeneraldirection.Itdoesntmattermuchwhetherwecancomeupwithnewideas.Whatmattersisthatweshouldneitherchangenormakepeoplefeelthatwearechangingthepolicies.,.,Lexicalcohesion,汉译英不如英译汉容易。TranslationformChineseintoEnglishisnotsoeasyasthatfromEnglishintoChinese.,.,Lexicalcohesion,我们倡导和平共处，这一原则目前在世界上已越来越深入人心。Wehaveadvocatedtheprincipleofpeacefulcoexistence,whichisgrowingmoreandmorepopularintheworld.你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。YouhavedoneapoorjobandIamnotsatisfied,andifyoufeeloffended,sobeit.verbal(substitution),.,Ellipsis,Ellipsis:近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Associationwiththegoodcanonlyproducegood,withthewicked,evil.,.,Nottobeomitted,Nottobeomitted.脱下衣服的时候，他听得外面很热闹，阿Q生平本来最爱看热闹，（他）便寻声走出去了。（他）寻声渐渐的寻到赵太爷的内院里，虽然在黄昏中，（他）却辨得出许多人，赵府一家连两日不吃饭的太太也在内，还有间壁的邹七嫂，真正本家的赵白眼，赵司晨。,.,Nottobeomitted,Whilehewastakingoffhisshirtheheardanuproaroutside,andsinceAhQalwayslikedtojoininanyexcitementthatwasgoing,hewentoutinsearchofthesound.HetraceditgraduallyrightintoMr.Chaossinnercourtyard.Althoughitwasduskhecouldseemanypeoplethere:alltheChaofamilyincludingthemistresswhohadnoteatenfortwodays.Inaddition,theirneighborMrs.Tsouwasthere,aswellastheirrelativesChaoPei-yanandChaoSzu-chen.,.,