雅思语法-第一讲：名词及相关ppt课件

谭华CCNU,雅思语法系列,2,.,？,Grammar,NoindependentitemsinIELTS,3,.,Grammar,Writing,Speaking,4,.,“Grammariseverywhere!”,Grammarisall-pervasive!,语法无处不在！,Youlearnornotlearn,grammarisalwaysthere,neverleavingus.,5,.,A“ghost”hauntsaroundus!,如幽灵般萦绕着我们!,Youcanpuzzleus,baffleus,scareus,butyoucanneverfrightenusaway.,你可以迷糊我们，为难我们，恐吓我们，但你绝对无法吓退我们。,6,.,Ifyouaretheghost,wedefinitelywillbetheLegendarySlayer-ZhongKui!,7,.,Sowhat?,Wewouldbringyoudownevenifwehavegottosacrificefabuloustimewithoursweethearts,andtakethetimewithyouonsuchhotdays!,Weapplaudforourselves!,8,.,第一讲:名词及相关（Nounv.+ed,NOUN.,15,.,Whattolearn?,词汇意义,句法功能,形式特征,NOUN.,16,.,名词的数,名词的所有格,名词的变化,可数名词,不可数名词,普通名词,专有名词,主谓一致,易出错点,单数,复数,名词,NOUN.,17,.,专有名词(ProperNouns),普通名词(CommonNouns),个体名词(IndividualNouns),集体名词(CollectiveNouns),物质名词(MaterialNouns),抽象名词(AbstractNouns),不可数名词(UncountableNouns),可数名词(CountableNouns),18,.,1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。,19,.,二.名词的定义和分类,一、定义：表示人、事物和抽象概念的词。如：人的姓名与称呼、物品的名称、地点、时间、兴趣爱好和行为等。,二、分类：1、专有名词：表示人名、地名、国家名、机构、日期、称呼等的名词，人名、称呼:Grandma,Mr.Green,Mrs.White，MissWright地名、国名:Africa,China,Singapore,Beijing等日期、节日:January,Wednesday，WomensDay,MothersDay,ChildrensDay,TeachersDay等由普通名词构成的专有名词：theGreatWall,theUnitedStateofAmerica,等注意：1）专有名词首字母要大写2）由普通名词组成的专有名词前要用the(the与介词不必大写）,20,.,（3）物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物如：cotton,oil,wood,coal,air,water,rice,iron,fire,等（4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等抽象概念，如:love,progress,friendship,health,pleasure,honesty,weight,homework,housework,fun等,2.普通名词-可数名词：,（1）个体名词：表示个别人或事，作为个体而存在的人或物。如：student,bicycle,book,engineer,pen,tree等（2）集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称，如：class,family,group,people,army,team,police等,21,.,可数名词的数,概念：“数”是指名词的单数和复数意义。,汉语中的单复数：单数：一个学生复数：两个学生，很多学生英语中单复数：单数：astudent;ahero;abeauty复数：twostudents,manystudents;manyheroesmanybeauties,NOUN.,22,.,3点发现,1.汉语名词复数概念用数量词表示，名词本身无变化,2.英语名词复数概念使用数词，但还需词形本身变化,3.英语名词复数词尾变化多端,？,英语可数名词复数,NOUN.,23,.,flower,flowers,找规律,book,books,NOUN.,24,.,factories,baby,babies,factory,25,.,leaf,wolf,wolves,leaves,knife,knives,26,.,watch,es,box,es,bus,es,brush,es,27,.,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,negroes,NOUN.,28,.,radios,photos,找规律,zoos,pianos,NOUN.,29,.,不规则变化,child-children,woman-women,man-men,goose-geese,mouse-mice,foot-feet,NOUN.,30,.,deer,sheep,deer，sheep，fish，li，jin，yuan,mu,Japanese,Chinese等的单复数同形.,Yuan,31,.,dollars,meters,pounds,32,.,Easy?,Unnecessary?,Donotcommitanythingevilevenifitisinsignificant;donotmissanythinggoodeventhoughitissopetty.ZhuGeliang-thewise,DonotignoreanythingevenifitisaseasyasABC;donotbefrightenedbyanythingeventhoughitisasdifficultasclimbingtothebluesky.,33,.,cap-capstask-tasksstar-starstree-trees,可数名词的复数形式,规则变化,A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-S,B.以字母x、s、ch、sh结尾的名词在其后加-es,bus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishesclass-classeshouse-housesexercise-exercises,C.（1）以辅音字母+y结尾的名词需把y变为i再加-esstorystoriesbabybabiescountrycountriespartyparties（2）以元音字母+y结尾的名词在后面直接加-sdaydaysboy-boystoy-toys,34,.,E.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以o结尾的外来词，变为复数时只加-Sradioradioszoo-zoosbamboo-bamboos,D.以-f或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将f或fe变成v再加-esshelf-shelveslifelivesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswifewiveshalfhalves特殊:roof-roofs,（2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数+espotato-potatoeshero-heroestomatotomatoes但pianopianos,photo-photos除外.,35,.,不规则变化,特殊变化：,单复同形,manmengentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethmousemicechildchildren,sheepsheepfishfish/fishesdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese,之特立独行,36,.,3.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况,A.aJapanesefiveJapanese(e.gChinese),B.aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFrenchwoman),C.aGermanfiveGermans(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean),口诀：中日不变英法变，其余都把S加后面,37,.,38,.,与众不同,scissors,shoes,pants,glasses,chopsticks,4.常以复数形式出现的名词,集体名词：trousersglassesclothespeoplepolice,NOUN.,39,.,可数名词复数变化总结,情况,加法,例词,一般情况,以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词,以辅音y结尾的词,以辅音+o结尾的词,以f或fe结尾的词,加-s,加-es,去y加-ies,多数加-es,把f/fe改成ves,Brothers;schools,Buses;watches;dishes*1,Ladies;countries;*2,Heroes;tomatoes*3,Halves;leaves;*4,40,.,Notes:,*1:stomach,stomachs,*2:以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s.E.g:boys;toys;Germanys;Henrys,*3:以元音+oeg:videos;studios以oo结尾eg:zoos;bamboos;kangaroos一些外来词(特别是音乐方面词)eg:pianos一些缩写词eg:kilos;photos;memos一些专有名词eg:Eskimos;Filipinos,直接在词尾加-s.,*4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词：proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefs,41,.,不规则复数：,1.man,men,Eg:womanwomen;chairman-chairmen,2.oo,ee,Eg:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese,3.+en,Eg:child-children;ox-oxen,4.ouse,ice,Eg:mouse-mice;louse-lice（虱子）,有些外来词的不规则复数形式：,Eg:analysis-analyses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crises,criterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media,42,.,单复数相同的情况：,sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu,复合名词的复数形式：,1.词末+-se.g:film-goers;forget-me-nots2.主体名词变为复数形式：lookers-on;editors-in-chief;sons-in-law3.两个组成部分皆变为复数：womendoctors;mencooks*这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman,.,练习：写出以下名词的复数形式book_bag_hat_word_orange_page_hundred_thousand_(2)countr_stor_cit_famil_boy_key_Lily_Mary_(3)bus_class_box_fox_watch_match_wish_month_mouth_(4)kni_li_wi_hal_lea_shel_thie_roof_(5)hero_tomato_potato_photo_radio_piano_kilo_zoo_,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,ies,y,y,ies,ies,ies,y,y,s,s,s,s,es,es,es,es,es,es,es,s,s,fe,fe,fe,f,f,f,f,ves,ves,ves,ves,ves,ves,ves,s,es,es,es,s,s,s,s,s,.,写出以下名词的复数形式(6)mn_womn_policemn_German_Englishmn_Frenchmn_(7)sheep_deer_fish_Chinese_Japanese_(8)child_(9)ft_tth_m_(10)American_Australian_Canadian_(11)boyfriend_girlfriend_appletree_(12)mndoctor_womnteacher_,a,a,a,a,a,e,e,e,e,e,s,ren,oo,oo,ouse,ee,ee,ice,s,s,s,s,s,s,a,a,e,s,s,e,45,.,普通名词：不可数名词,常见的不可数名词.drink-coffee,milk,tea2.food-rice,bread,meatporridge,tofu,3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter4.weather-rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind5.cotton,silk,wool,metal,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice,物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福),46,.,不可数名词的量,？,不可数名词没有复数形式,k,milks,NOUN.,47,.,abottleofjuice,aglassoforange,twoboxesofmilk,不可数名词,NOUN.,48,.,不可数名词数量的表达方法：通过改变数词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量,abottleofmilk-twobottlesofmilkapieceofmeat-threepiecesofmeat,49,.,可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达,50,.,既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：,不可数名词可数名词,paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间aroomchicken鸡肉achickenbeauty美abeauty,一张报纸一块玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人,特例：“多功能词”,51,.,copper(铜)tin(锡)wood(木头)gold(金子)youth(青春)power(力量)pleasure(愉快)relation(关系）,acopper(铜币板)atin(罐头)awood(树林)agold(金牌)ayouth(年青人)apower(大国)apleasure(使人感到愉快的事)arelation(亲戚）,不可数名词可数名词,52,.,英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。,apoem(一首诗)amachine(一台机器)ajob(一份工作)alaugh(一个笑声)apermit(一个许可证)agarment(一件衣裳)abag(case)(一件行李)aloaf(一个面包)ahair(一根头发),poetry(诗歌总称)machinery(机器总称)work(工作)laughter(笑声)permission(允许)clothing(衣裳总称)luggage,baggage(行李)bread(面包)hair(头发),53,.,三.名词的所有格,54,.,看例题识所有格,1.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.BeijingisChinascapital.,2.ThisisMaryandhersistersbedroom.BobandLucyssisterisanurse.,的,NOUN.,55,.,3.TheseareTomsandLilysbags.,4.Sheisthetwoboysmother.,5.thedooroftheroomtheleavesofthetree,56,.,6.thegirlsname=thenameofthegirl,7.Heisafriendofmybrothers.,57,.,someotherpatterns:,Illtaketheriskforfriendshipssake.Shewasatherwitsend.Nowtheycouldsingattheirheartscontent.Weshouldgetthechildrenoutofharmsway.Wehadbestkeepthematarmslength.Forgoodnesssake,stoparguing.Janegotthemoneysworthoutofthecoat.,(为了友谊）,（黔驴技穷）,（尽情地）,（不受损害）,（保持距离）,（看在上帝的份上）,（很合算）,58,.,2点发现,1.s结构,2.of结构,?,59,.,名词的所有格,单数名词的所有格,Mikesbagtheboysknife2.在词尾有-S的复数名词所有格,只在词尾加,读音与名词变复数相同thestudentsbookstheteachersoffice,3.不规则名词复数的所有格,即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词,在词后加s,如:WomensDaymensclothesshop4.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s;,珍妮和海伦的房间,JennyandHelensroom,JennysandHelensrooms,5.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,1.有生命的东西所有格用s的形式,60,.,8.无生命的东西一般用“of+名词”的形式表示其所有格,thedooroftheroomthewallofthepark,6.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加s构成所有格,2小时路程北京最好的公园今日报纸车站休息室,twohourswalk,Beijingsbestpark,todaysnewspaper,thestationswaiting-room,atmyuncles=atmyuncleshomeatatailors=atatailorsshop,9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格,asilkhatcottoncloth,acoffeecup,7.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词,.,s结尾的所有格形式多用于有生命的东西的名词。但有时其它的名词也可以，如：todaysnewspaper,fifteenminutesride等与时间有关的名词。凡不能加s构成所有格的名词，都可以与of结成短语，来表示所有格关系。就是有生命的东西的名词也可如此，特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时。如：Doyouknowthenameofthegirlstandingatthegate?,Summary,.,一个名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，避免前后重复。如：Thisisnotmypen,butMarys.有时某些s结尾的所有格形式可以表示地点，如某人的家或店铺、教堂等：WecanmeetatMarys.Hewenttohissistersfordinneryesterday.Ihadthedressmadeatthetailorsatthecornerofthestreet.LastweekwevisitedSt.Pauls.,.,64,.,myteachersofficestudentsexercisebooksChildrensPalacetodaysnewspaper15minuteswalk=a15-minutewalkatthebutchers=atthebutchersshoptoToms=toTomshouse,1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3少年宫4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6在肉店7到汤姆家去,名词的所有格Practice,65,.,8广东的省会9教室的门10我父亲的一个朋友11他的两个兄弟12爱迪生的一些发明13他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)14他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟),thecapitalofGuangdong,thedoorsoftheclassroom,afriendofmyfather(s),twobrothersofhis,someinventionsofEdisons,apictureofhisbrothers,apictureofhisbrother,66,.,四.主谓一致,?,主语和谓语在人称和数的方面保持一致，合符英语语法规范。,1st,2nd,3rd,single,plural,67,.,汉语：我饿了。她也饿了。我们都饿了。你饿了吗？,英语：Iamhungry.Sheishungrytoo.Weareallhungry.Areyouhungry?,?,Findings:基本原则：主语单数概念，谓语动词相应地用“单数”形式；主语为复数概念，谓语动词也应用“复数”形式。,68,.,.语法形式上的一致（主单谓单；主复谓复）,.意义上的一致（主语形单意复，谓语用复数。E.g.:people;police)（主语形复意单，谓语用单数。E.g.:news;economics),69,.,主谓一致,当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tomsfamily_ratherbig.Tomsfamily_filmfans.,is,are,2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths_noteasyforhim.,is,70,.,3.像chopsticks,shoes,glasses,trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.gTheshoesarehers.,但是:Apairofglasses_onthetable.Twopairsofglasses_onthetable.,is,are,4.police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_peace.,love,但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分,e.gHeisayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples_thisbook.,like,71,.,5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定,e.gAdeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer_overthereinthefield.,are,6.Thepoetandmusician_attheparty.Thesingeranddancer_justarrived.Thebreadandthebutter_ready.Breadandbutter_herusualbreakfast.,was,has,are,is,涂了黄油的面包,72,.,8.Bothand的谓语动词用复数形式。,e.g.Bothheandhisfather_there.,were,7.采取就近一致原则的句型结构：,Therebee.g.There_abookandtwoapplesonthedesk.notonlybutalsoe.gNotonlyyoubutalsohe_right.eitherore.gEitherheorI_wrong.neithernore.gNeithershenorI_right.,is,is,am,am,表示时间、距离、金额、度量、书名、国名等的复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。e.gEighthoursofsleep_enoughforyou.Tendollars_toomuchtopay.,is,is,73,.,10.each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词,eachof+复数名词oneof+复数名词,manya+单数名词,every/each+单数名词+and+单数名词,等结构做主语时，动词用单数。,e.g.Eachboyandeachgirl_seenthefilm.Noteacherandnostudent_comeyet.Everyknife,fork,andspoon_tobebought.Eachofthestudents_adictionary.,has,has,has,has,74,.,谓语用单数的情况。,）名词所有格之后的名词被省略。（指商店，工场，住宅等）作主语。Eg:Thedoctors,myuncles,thebakers,2)中心词是时间、距离、金额、度量、书名等复数名词。Eg:threeyears;TheselectedpoemsofLiBai;,3)each,every,no所修饰名词，即使以and或逗号连接。Eg:eachboyandeachgirl;everymanandwoman,4)主语有morethanone;manya,5)akindof;apairof;aseriesof,75,.,6)Thiskindof,7)Thenumberof,8)Agreatdealof;alargeamountof+un,9)Oneandahalf+可数名词复数eg:Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.,10)Thedeparted(死者）意义上指个体,11)theonlyoneof+可数名词复数定语从句。从句中的谓语用单数。,76,.,谓语用复数的情况。,）police,;people;cattle;militia(民兵）作主语。,）有两个部分构成的名词。（表示衣物或工具）eg:glasses;chopsticks,3)thesekindofmen（口语);menofthiskind作主语,）bothand.修饰主语,5)Anumberof;largequantitiesof;largeamountsof修饰主语,）the+形容词作主语，一般情况下,）oneofthe+可数名词复数定语从句，从句中谓语动词用复数。,77,.,）集体名词作主语：强调整体，用单数；强调个体，用复数,）单复数同形名词作主语，按意义一致原则。Eg:means,species,）中心词是all,most,half,rest时，按意义一致原则。即主语单数意义，谓语用单数；主语复数意义，谓语用复数。,单复数视情况而定,78,.,）主语是and连接两个名词时，指一样东西，谓语单数；指两样东西，谓语复数。Eg:Aknifeandforkisonthetable.,5)代词作主语，取决于它代替的是单数还是复数。意义一致原则。Eg:ours,yours;such,thesame;who,that,which;any,either,neither,(单独作主语，谓语单数）none,all,some,more,Allworkandnoplay_Jackadullboy.(),make,Thefatherandwriter_easy-going.(),be,A:Arethesebooksontheflooryours?B:No,theyarenot.Mineareonmydesk.,79,.,）what引导的主语从句。通常用单数；所指的具体内容为复数时，谓语用复数。,）分数，量词，halfof,partof作主语，与中心词保持一致。,）主谓倒装，谓语与其后主语一致。,Whathedoesisnotimportant.他做的事情并不重要。,WhatIsayandthinkarenobusinessofyours.我说什么、想什么不关你事。,Look,therecomesourteacher,letsgoinside!,Twothirdsoftheclassarepresenttoday!,.,1.Anythingspecialintodaysnewspaper?-Yes.“Confidenceismostimportantthangold”byPremierWenasaheadlineinmanyoftodaysnewspapers.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasusedD.haveused,2.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentstoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be,3.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto,A,B,A,课堂练习：,.,4.Max,alongwiththethreemen,torepresenttheunionatthemeeting.A.isB.areC.beD.tobe,5.Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentsintheclassthatneveramistakeevenwhenitispointedtohim.A.admitmakingB.admitsmakingC.admittomakeD.admitstomake,6.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were,A,B,C,.,7.PersonallyIthinkitisthesalesmanager,ratherthanthesalesgirl,toblame.A.isB.thatisC.areD.whoare,8.Everymanandwomanworkingherealongwithme.A.aregettingB.getC.isgotD.isgetting,9.Theoldwelllookedafterbythegovernment.A.isB.areC.beingD.has,B,D,B,.,10.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildrenastronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.A.haveB.hasC.havingD.tohave,B,11.Thegreatmajorityofactivevolcanoeslocatedinjusttwogreatzones.A.beB.isC.wasD.are,12.TomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhotoFrance.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.hasbeing,D,A,.,13.Todrivewellandwithinthespeedlimitsnecessaryintodaystraffic.A.staying/areB.tostay/areC.tostay/isD.staying/are,14.Whatmattersnotwinningbutparticipating.A.areB.tobeC.wasD.is,15.NeitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforapositionintheUniversity.A.hasbeenacceptedB.havebeenacceptedC.wasacceptedD.wereaccepted,C,D,C,.,16NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen17Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome18Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis。AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown,.,19Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading20Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled,.,each做主语同位语时，谓语由主语来决定和each无关,Eachstudent_gotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thestudentseach_adictionary.A.have;hasB.has;haveC.have;haveD.has;has,B,thefollowing做主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。,Thefollowinggoodexamples.(be),are,WeChinese_ahard-workingpeopleAisBareCisbeingDarebeing,此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,B,.,注意以下类似例子：ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJimTheplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudyThemostimportantthingIneedisbooksThecountrysleadingexportiswatchesThebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies,89,.,五.名词的变化,90,.,看我“七十二变”,friend,friendly,lovely,常具有赞美的意味,care,help,color,ful,NOUN.,91,.,y,表示充满的,danger,ous,具有的性质,less,没有的,92,.,wood-wool-,形容词,是材料的,-en,wooden,woolen,93,.,beauty;plenty;fruit;meaning;hand;purpose;thought;doubt;stress;success;culture;person;finance;nation;centre;origin;sign;name;order;quarter;time;grace;melody;vigor;right;virtue;space;moment;suspicion;poison;mountain;glory;advantage;religion;example;class;economy;analysis;drama;notice;point;,写出下列名词的形容词或动词形式,94,.,beautiful;beautify;plentiful;fruitful;handy;handful;meaningful;meaningless;purposeful;purposeless;thoughtful;doubtful;doubtless;stressful;successful;cultural;central;national;personal;personalize;financial;original;signal;namely;orderly;quarterly;timely;gracious;melodious;vigorous;righteous;virtuous;spacious;momentous;suspicious;poisonous;mountainous;glorious;glorify;advantageous;religious;exemplary;classical;classify;economic;economical;analytical;dramatic/(dramatical);noticeable;pointless;,写出下列名词的形容词或动词形式,95,.,六.句法功能,96,.,名词可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语等等。主语：TheGreatWallstandsfortheoldChina.表语：JackandMariaarestudents.宾语：Look!Theyareplayingbasketball.定语：Abananatreeisinfrontofourteachingbuilding.同位语：Wethestudentsarehelpingtheoldlady.状语：Theyhadsupperatthathotel.,97,.,1.Hello,thisisLandTransportInformationatTorontoAirport.(剑7T1)2.Hummm,Ithinkforthatkindofdistanceacabwouldbewaybeyondmybudget.(同上)3.Intrigued,ClemmonscontactedMortezaGharib,aeronauticsprofessorattheCaliforniaInstitute.(同上)4.Um,ImflyingtoTorontoAirportnextweek.(同上)5.YoucanalsotakeaGreyhoundbusortheresanairportShuttleServicetoMilton.(同上)6.Um,ImflyingtoTorontoAirportnextweek.(同上),指出下列句中红色部分在句中的功能：,98,.,1.Thedevelopmentofliteratureisaveryvividillustration.(表语主语)K:Averyvividillustrationisthedevelopmentofliterature.(主语)2.Itisacontroversialquestion,whichhasarousedheateddiscussionamongpeople.(表语主语)K:Thecontroversialquestionhasarousedheateddiscussionamongpeople.(主语)3.Thephotographsneatlysumuptheresultsofthesemassiveeffortstoconquerspace.(主语宾语/状语)K:Theresultsofthesemassiveeffortstoconquerspaceare/couldbeneatlysummedupby/inthephotographs.(宾语/状语),把下列句中红色部分转换成其他成分,99,.,4.Surplusadvertisementshaveinterferedinpeoplesnormallife.(介词宾语主语)K:Peoplesnormallifehasbeeninterferedbysurplusadvertisements.(主语)5.Thegovernmentshouldorganizevariousactivitiessuitablefortheoldpeoplesparticipation.(动词宾语主语)K:Variousactivitiessuitablefortheoldpeoplesparticipationshouldbeorganizedbythegovernment.(主语)6.Shopping,thenecessaryactivityineverydaylifeismoreconvenientinthecity.(同位语主语/状语)K:Thenecessaryactivityofshoppingineverydaylifeismoreconvenientinthecity.(主语)/Asanecessaryactivity,(状语),把下列句中红色部分转换成其他成分,.,hearttroub