英语语音语调知识ppt课件

.,语音语调知识,.,语音语调知识,发音器官音标音节单词重音规则句子重音,6.音变6.1元音的清晰度6.2音长6.3失去爆破/不完全爆破6.4连读6.5同化6.6元音省略和弱化,7.词尾读音8.连读9.意群和停顿10.语调,.,影响英语发的主要器官：唇、齿、舌、腭、鼻腔、声带,1.发音器官,.,2.音标-元音,Kingsoft体,Jones体,.,辅音,.,辅音,清浊成对有10双,清辅音：h浊辅音:rlwjmn,声带振动,.,ListeningExerciseSoundsforinformation,1.Thespeakerwantstohavealookatthe_.A.cartB.card2.Whatwasthegirldoing?A.Sopping.B.Sobbing.3.Themanmustbefondof_.A.writingB.riding4.Whatdidthemando?A.Hehitthedog.B.Hehidthedog.5.Theboyswere_.A.prayingB.playing6.Whataretheygoingtodo?A.Tryit.B.Dryit.,.,Soundsinperceptionandproduction,1.a.Whatdoesfaithmean?Belief.b.Whatdoesfacemean?Surface.2.a.Howdoyouspellmath?MATH.b.Howdoyouspellmass?MASS.3.a.HowdoyoulikeRodsplace?Iveneverbeentohisplace.b.HowdoyoulikeRodsplays?Mostofthemareverygood.4.a.Didanyoneexplaintheloss?Yes.Itwasaterribleloss.b.Didanyoneexplainthelaws?Yes.Itwasquitecomplicated.5.a.Wherestheotherhalf?Itsinthedesk.b.Wherestheotherhearth?Lookforthefireplace.,.,ListeningExerciseSounddiscrimination,1.thinthing2.winwing3.tontongue4.sanesame5.shesee6.yokejoke7.finthin,8.yetjet9.westvest10.worseverse11.truechew12.twicetrice13.leafreef14.blightbright15.fleshfresh,.,3.音节,1、音节一般是以元音来划分的，一个元音就是一个音节一个音节：eye,friend二个音节：our,blackboard2、一些辅音因发音响亮（成音节辅音），也可自成音节成音节辅音：/l,m,n/bottle,people,cotton,bottom,.,3.1音节的类型-1,1、开音节：以元音字母结尾的音节hi,herelation,secret，notion2、相对开音节:以辅音字母和一个不发音的-e结尾的音节name,scene,amusement3、闭音节:以辅音字母结尾的音节map,bag,dullvictory,umbrella,instruction,.,音节的类型-2,4、元音字母组合音节wait,play,beneath,believe,snowy,surround,certainly5、-r(-re)音节various,serious,fire,ourduring/vris/siris/fai/au/dju:ri/6、成音节辅音音节:bottle,bottom,button,.,3.2音节的划分-1,在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母（辅音字母组合和r除外），一般一个属于前一音节，一个属后面音节。例：let-ter,Eng-lish,ap-ple。2.在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时，一般这个辅音字母属后一音节，例：stu-dent,lo-tus。3.在两个音节相邻处有两个r时，一个属前一音节，一个属后一音节，前面的元音节按闭音节读音，例：sor-ry,mar-ry,mir-ror,bor-row,.,音节的划分-2,4.相邻音节是元音字母+r+其它辅音字母时，元音字母+r属于前面的重读音节，例：fur-ther,cir-cle5.相邻的音节是元音字母+r+其它元音字母时，r属于前面的重读音节，按re音节的规则读音，例：dur-ing,ser-ious。6.有字母组合的单词划分音节时，一定要将字母组合划在一个音节内，例：neigh-bour,plea-sure,.,给下列双音节词划分音节，并标出重读音节,localfreedommusicfinishcultureablehonournationdiscussbirthdayblackboard,arrivebesidecompareconnectenlargeemployexpenseinformmistakepreparerepeatdepend,perfect(v.)import(v.)present(v.)object(v.)protest(n.)herselfmachine,单词的重读规则,.,4.音节的重读规则-1,一、单音节：重读二、双音节词1、大多数词的重音在第一音节上；2、重音在第二个音节上的规律：1）单词有前缀:alike,mistake2)与名词或形容词同形的动词increase,perfect,object,record3)反身代词4）少数来自法语的词汇：machine,police,hotel,.,音节的重读规则-2,三、多音节词1、重音一般在倒数第二个音节remember,establish,important2、有前缀的，重音在词根上，即在前缀后的音节determine,encourage,invisible,inadequate,3、带有后缀的多音节词的重音在后缀前一个音节上musician,politician,energetic,electricity4、下列后缀重读-eeemployee,interviewee,trainee-eerengineer,volunteer5、下列后缀前两个音节重读-tivenegative,relative,.,Readaloud重读音节,realityconflictaffectreframetechniquenegativedefeatgratefulcherishperformance,depressioncommercialspokesmanviewpointaudiencepracticalproductivecommitmentessentialdistributor,.,5.句子重音,1、实义词重读名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、感叹词和某些代词（指示代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词）2、功能词不重读冠词、助动词、情态动词、人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、联系动词、连词和介词（单音节介词）,.,Therearecertain“safe”topicsthatpeopleusuallymakesmalltalksabout.Theweatherisprobablythenumberonethingthatpeoplewhodonotknoweachotherwilldiscuss.Anothertopicthatisgenerallysafeiscurrentevents.Aslongasyouarenotdiscussingacontroversialissue,suchasarecentlawconcerningequalrights,itisusuallysafetodiscussthenews.,.,6.音的变化,元音：清晰度音长变化省略、弱化,辅音：浊化同化失去爆破,在朗读中，英语的元音和辅音音素会发生变化。,.,6.1元音的清晰度,1、amount,delay,export,authentic【元音在重读音节前,发音模糊】2、corporate,popular,family,favorite,dictionary【连续两个或几个轻读音节结尾，前面的轻读音节模糊】,.,6.2音长,音长：重读音节中元音的长短音节内后面没有辅音后面有浊辅音后面有清辅音staystayedstateteateamteachmusicamusecute,.,6.3省略与弱化,省略:在多音节的词中，非重读音节的元音/或/i/会被省略factory,history,university,seldom,practical缩略与弱化：youre,Idliketo,Ill，Theyve,.,1.a/eI/Wevegotadog.2.an/n/n/Takeanapple.3.her/h:/h/,/:/,/Whatshername?4.his/hIz/Iz/Johnhadhishaircut.5.our/a/:/Wecandoitonourown.6.some/sm/sm/,/sm/Getmesomewater.7.the/i:/I/,/Theysawtheyoungandtheold.8.your/j:/j/Takeyourtime.9.he/hi:/hI/,/I/Whatdidhedo?10.me/mi:/mI/Letmehavealook.11.she/i:/I/Didshecome?12.them/em/m/,/m/Letthemgo.13.us/s/s/Hetoldusastory.14.we/wi:/wI/Hereweare.,WordsSFWFSamplesentence,.,15.you/ju:/j/Didyouseemypen?16.him/hIm/Im/Givehimapen.17.am/m/m/,/m/Improudofit.18.are/:/Whatareyoudoing?19.be/bi:/bI/Dontbelate.20.can/kn/kn/,/kn/WhatcanIdo?21.do/du:/d/,/d/WhatdoyoudoonSundays?22.does/dz/dz/Whendoesthetrainleave?23.had/hd/hd/,/d/,/d/Howmanyhadhehad?24.has/hz/hz/,/z/,/z/,/s/Whathashappened?25.have/hv/hv/,/v/,/v/Thekidshavegone.26.is/Iz/z/,/s/Heiscoming.27.must/mst/mst/,/ms/Wemustgonow.28.shall/l/l/,/l/Whatshallwedo?,WordsSFWFSamplesentence,.,WordsSFWeakformSamplesentence,29.was/wz/wz/,/wz/Hewasout.30.were/w:/w/Wewerealllate.31.will/wIl/wl/,/l/Thatwilldo.32At/t/t/Lookathim.33.for/f:/f/Isitforme?34.from/frm/frm/,/frm/Theycomefromthestates.35.of/v/v/,/v/,/f/Itsverykindofyou.36.to/tu:/t/Youdonthavetoworry.37.and/nd/nd/,/n/,/nd/,/n/Wehadfishandchips.38.as/z/z/Justasyoulike.39.but/bt/bt/Itsgoodbutexpensive.40.so/s/s/Itsnotsocoldhere.41.than/n/n/Itsbiggerthanthis.42.that/t/t/Hesaidthathewascoming.,.,6.4失去爆破/不完全爆破,在单词、短语或句子中，爆破音在下列辅音前失去爆破或不完全爆破1、爆破音active,advise,agoodgirl2、摩擦音friendship,oldfriends3、破擦音greatchanges,picture4、鼻音goodmorning,importantnotice5、舌边音atleast,hardly,thesecondlongest,.,6.5浊化,一般在重读音节，清辅音/p/,/t/,/k/在/s/音后读其对应的浊辅音/b/,/d/,/g/student/stju:dnt/,distinguishexcuse,discussspeak,expand,.,6.6同化,同化：一个音因为受了另外一个邻音的影响而发成了这两个音之外的第三个音。education/edjukein/eukein/issue/isju:/iu:/length/le/len/Didyouseehim?/didjusi:(h)im/didusi:(h)im/,.,7.词尾读音,asksstopsmonthsthanks,staysdogsclothessaves,risesvoiceshazeshouses,catsrightscorrectswrites,crowdsaddsguardsbeds,/s/,/z/,/iz/,/,/,.,/d/,/t/,/id/,closedfilledarrangedstayedcleaned,fixedwatchedpassedblushedasked,addedplantedhatedpattedwanted,-d,-ed的读音,.,-r,-er的读音,/,/r/,sharpenersuppliersellerheavierthinner,rarerpoorerclevererclearer,singer/si/longer/l/,.,8.连读,1、辅音+元音comeintakeitaway,inanhour2、r+元音afterallrememberitforexampleapairofshoes3、元音+元音当前面的单词以/i:/i/ai/ei/i/结尾，与后面的元音连读theothermyunclemillionseeoff2)当前面的单词以/u:/u/au/u/结尾，与后面的元音连读twoothers,doit,youare,toooften,goon,.,MarkthelinkingalotofworkassoonaspossibleIhavequiteenough.Bothofuswentout.Thefishisexcellent.Comealonghomeifyoulike.Johnwonanaward.Hefetcheditforme.Tellusallaboutit.Isheillagain?,.,9.意群和停顿,意群是句子中密切相关的短语，在句子中应该被读在一起,意群之间应通过语调或短暂的停顿来区分。a.Billsaid,Ourbossislost.b.Bill,saidourboss,islost.a.Hesoldhishouseboatandtrailer.b.Hesoldhishouse,boatandtrailer.2.a.Shelikespineapples.b.Shelikespieandapples.3.a.WouldyoulikeSuperSalad?b.Wouldyoulikesouporsalad?4.a.(A+B)C=X.b.A+(BC)=X.,.,10.语调,一、种类：降调、升调、降升调二、应用：（一）降调的应用1、陈述句2、特殊疑问句3、祈使句4、反问句Nancyisveryintelligent.Intelligent?Isshereally?Ithinkshesdumb.,.,（二）升调的应用1、一般疑问句2、陈述疑问句3、选择疑问句的前面选择部分4、请对方重复的疑问句5、反义疑问句的后半部分6、命令句的附加问句7、语句未完的停顿8、逗号前,语调,.,（三）降升调1、表对比Inmyclassthereare35students.Andthereare37inyourclass.2、表含蓄3、表不同意4、表反驳5、表警告,.,IntonationMarking:FallingtoneIwasinLONDONonSUNDAY.HesSTUDYINGFRENCH.ShewasGOINGAWAY.HeWANTSsomeBEEF.ImafraidICANT.STARTdoingitNOW.COMEtotheBLACKBOARD.WRITEitTOMORROW.WH