职称英语考试阅读理解2018年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题5

职称英语考试阅读理解2018年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解练习题5 Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issueSome bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapyThey constitute a growing and global public health problemWHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibioticsreducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria. An article punished in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August xx identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibioticsThe article “has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)。and，in particular，has raised awareness of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments，the pharmaceutical industryand international agencies WHO strongly remends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including , education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription；and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures，including the use of hand-washing measuresparticularly in healthcare facilities Suessful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to bat antimicrobial resistanceAntimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHOs World Health Day xx 41Antimicrobial resistance has bee a global public health issue because Athere may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria Bnew antibiotics are too expensive for poor countries Cinfections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people Dscientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria 42The word “prudent in paragraph I is closest in meaning to Aunwise Bwasteful Cwidespread Dcareful 43The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that Asome bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibiotics Ba new multidrug resistant bacterium has appeared Csome infections are caused by antibiotics Dsome countries are suessful in controlling multitrug resistant microorganisms 44WHO remends governments to focus on the following areas EXCEPT Akeeping hospitals from storing more antibiotics than they can use B education on the use of antibiotics Ccontrol of antibiotic use Dintroduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics 45We learn from the passage that Aantimicrobial resistance was not noticed until xx Bfurther study is needed to deal with the transmissi