高中语法定语从句讲解.ppt

撸起袖子加油干心得体会_撸起袖子加油干心得纵观李合军总经理在集团公司机关收心会上的讲话，振奋人心，催人奋进，20 xx年集团公司以超强的举措推进提质增效、改革创新、转型升级，收获颇丰，广大干部职工建功新鲁泰的信心更足、干劲更大。2017年的奋斗目标更是鼓舞人心，激励斗志，释放出无限力量。我们一定要撸起袖子加油干。“大家撸起袖子加油干”是动员令。任何工作的开展都要经过前期动员，这样才能激发斗志，形成克难攻坚的合力，金威水泥的建设也不例外。金威水泥是再建项目，在建设过程中我们肯定会遇到这样、那样的问题，面对的问题我们应该怎么办?“大家撸起袖子加油干”无疑就是最有力的动员令，面对问题，我们毫不畏惧，积极寻找最佳的解决方案，在大家的共同努力下，确保了金威水泥施工进度和施工质量，整个项目在建设过程中实现了20 xx年集团公司下达的各项任务目标。“大家撸起袖子加油干”是冲锋号，在金威水泥建设过程中涌现出大量的优秀员工，他们兢兢业业，毫无怨言，按时完成每一项工作，工作不完成他们加班加点在规定的时间完成，将该项目的建设当做自家的事，自己的事来干。甚至有的职工半年来没有休过一天班，以单位,Unit4Grammar,TheAttributiveClause定语从句,Whatisanattributive?(何为定语？),ThereisahugecakeThisistherealme用于修饰名词、代词的句子成分为定语。定语常由形容词或形容词性短语来充当。,Whatisanattributiveclause?(何为定语从句？),在主从复合句中，用于充当主句的定语成分(用于修饰某名词,代词或名词短语)的从句，称为定语从句(形容词性从句)。Thereisacakethatishuge.Thisisthepartofmethatisreal.,JustinBieberisafamoussinger.+HesingsthesongAslongasyoulovemeinthealbumofBelieve.,JustinBieberisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongAslongasyoulovemeinthealbumofBelieve.,Heisalittleboy.Heiseating.Heisalittleboywhoiseating.,Heisapopularsinger.Hissongispopularamongyoungpeople.Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.,谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时方知其可贵。,Proverbs,Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknownuntilitislost.,Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.,定语从句的结构,e.g.JustinBieberisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongBaby.,先行词（可放入从句中充当一定成分）,定语从句（在先行词后；从句中常缺成分）,Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.,Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,关系词（引导定从；代替先行词；在从句中作一定成分）,Ishowedhimtheletter.,Ireceiveditthismorning.,Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.,引导定语从句的关联词有：,关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词：when,where,why,关系词的选择与先行词的意思，及先行词在从句中充当的句子成分决定。,引导定语从句的关系代词,that即指人又指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom作宾语。whose既指人又指物,在从句中作定语,表“某某的”。that,which,whom,who在定语从句中作宾语时,可省去。(动词+宾语；介词+宾语)介词+关系词时，指物只能用which,指人只能用whom,Tips,whom指人,在从句中作宾语，可省略。,e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?,ThegirlisfromAmerica.,Icalledherjustnow.,Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.,1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。,1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,2)ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.,3)Letsaskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.,4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJimssister.,(主语),(宾语),(主语),(宾语),定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，先行词/关系词在从句中充当的句子成分。,哪几个that可省略？3、4句还可用什么关系词？,2.Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidntneedmuchwater.2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.3.who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)。TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.,(主语),(宾语),(主语),2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.=Thepersonwhom/whoyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.,(主语),(宾语),（宾语),4.whose在从句中作定语，指人或物。MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.Thisistheboy.Theteachertalkedofhiscomposition.3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.,3.Thehouse_theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,that,whichorwhose.,1.Theearthquake_hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.,2.Wedontknowthenumberofpeople_losttheirhomesin1906earthquake.,that/which,that/who,which/that,Practice1,5.Harryistheboy_motherisourmathsteacher.,whose,4.Thepersonto_youjusttalkedisMr.Li.,whom,将下面的两个句子合并成一个句子,Thereasonwasverysimple.Thelocalpolicemanexplainedthereason.Thereasonthat/whichthelocalpolicemanexplainedwasverysimple.Tommyisourmonitor.Hisvocabularyisverylarge.Tommywhosevocabularyisverylargeisourmonitor.Thelittlegirlismyniece.Iwalkedmydogwithmyniece.Thelittlegirlwhom/that/whoIwalkedmydogwithismyniece.ThelittlegirlwithwhomIwalkedmydogismyniece.,Practice2,Translation,1.他就是住在隔壁的医生。Heisthedoctorwho/thatlivesnextdoor.2.请把那本绿皮的书传给我。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.3.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来很多欢乐。Theriverwhich/thatrunsthroughthecentreofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.,Practice3,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,先行词本身为everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much,all,none,some等不定代词时。,Note,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,(2)先行词被all,every,any,no,some,few,little,much等修饰时。,(5)先行词不止一个，既有人，又有物，用that。Hementionedthepeopleandthingsthathesawinhistrip.(6)先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词。WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost？Whoisthegirlthatyouspoketojustnow?(7)主句是therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用thatThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstomysister.(8)当先行词time与序数词连用，表示“次数”时，定语从句关系代词用that.ThisisthesecondtimethatMr.WhitehasvisitedtheGreatWall.,Thebosswhosecompanymyfatherworkedinisaverykindperson.,关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。,Note,Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.,1.当先行词是he,she等人称代词，以及one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that.(若指物，则用which)Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.Whatisthatwhichisshiningintheroom?,2.关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.,Note,Completethefollowingsentenceswiththat,which,whoorwhose.ThentranslatethemintoChineseorally.1.Herearemyneighbours_homewasdestroyedbyearthquake.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_wereasleep.3.Thenextdaypeopleputupsheltersintheopenairmadewithanything_theycouldfind.,whose,that/who,(that),4.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildings_hadbeendamagedwererepaired.5.Thisfrightenedboy_motherwerelostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.6.Wewenttoseeourteacher_husbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.7.“Isthistheyoungman_savedseveralpeopletrappedunderbuildings?”sheasked.8.Anumberofchildren_parentshaddiedinthequakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesintheothercities.,that/which,whose,whose,whose,who/that,关系代词as,as引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型：asassuch+名词+as.像.一样的thesame+名词+as.和.同样的Asweallknow,LeiFengisawarm-heartedman.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(主语)我们已经找到了他们工厂里用的那种材料。Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和过去不同了。（表语）,such.as.引导的定语从句whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where4.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.forwhichB.forwhatC.whichD.that,C,A,5.Maythefourthistheday_weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich6.Isthatthereason_youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat,A,C,“介词+关系代词”介词的选择,1.与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关ThisisthebookonwhichIspent10yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10yuan.2.与先行词的搭配相关IwillneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.3.与所表达的意义相关Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.不可拆开的“动词+介词”短语：lookfor,lookafter,callon等。,Tip1,whose=of+关系代词(which/whom)Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,=Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.=Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacesthesouth.,Tip2,Wewenttoseeourteacher,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.=Wewenttoseeourteacher,ofwhomthehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.=Wewenttoseeourteacher,thehusbandofwhomlosthislifeintheearthquake.,theway作为先行词时的特殊用法,全程设计P77Thisisagoodwayinwhichtheproblemcanbesolved.=Thisisagoodwaythattheproblemcanbesolved.=Thisisagoodwaytheproblemcanbesolved.(不用引导词)这是解决问题的好方法。,Tip3,situation(情景),case（实例）,point（阶段）,Internet,stage（阶段）等表抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时,关系副词选择where,TheInternet,wherewecansearchforalargeamountofinformation,hasbecomeanindispensablepartofmanypeopleslife.,Tip4,occasion(时机，场合)作为先行词时，关系副词选择whenSocialpartiesaretheoccasionswhenpeoplecandeveloptheirinterpersonalrelationship.,限定性定语从句ashasbeensaidbefore,aswasmentionedabove;asisoftenthecaseAseveryoneknows,themoonmovesaroundtheearth.LeiFengisawarm-heartedperson,asisknowntoall.(2)“which+从句”只可置于主句后。AgroupofGermanexchangestudentshavecometovisitourschool,whichmakeseveryonehereexcitedorcurious.,Practice2,全程设计P77，第1题。,1.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepersonto_youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.3.Thegames_hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.4.Thegamesin_hecompetedwereswimmingandshooting.,who/that/whom,whom,which/that,which,Completethefollowingsentencesusingattributiveclauses.,5.October1,1949istheday_wewillneverforget.6.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?7.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone_familywaspoor.8.Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.,withwhich,that/which,which/that,whose,9.Heistheman_youcanturnforhelp.10.Thisisthetreeunder_weusedtoplaygames.11.Thefarm_weworkedtenyearsagoisntwhatisusedtobe.12.Abiologistisaman_hasagreatknowledgeofbiology.,towhom,which,where/onwhich,who/that,13.Thepoorboy_lostbothhisparentslastyearliveswithhisgrandfather.14.Thisisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago.15.Thisisthefactory_makestoys.16.Heistheboy_familywaspoor.,who/that,where/inwhich,whose,which/that,Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,几种易混的情况,及物动词,4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,which,why/forwhich,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,1.Wearejusttoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(2007山东)A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which解析:A本句中先行词apoint=astageinsthsdevelopment表发展的阶段、地步,为抽象地点，故选关系副词where引导定语从句。,真题解析,2.Inthedarkstreettherewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom解析:答案为D介词to和定语从句中的turn构成固定搭配turntosb.forhelp。,3.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm_manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析:答案为D根据句意“到下午5:30时，许多人已经到家了”，且定语从句中又用了完成时，故应用介词by。,4.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where解析:C本题考察定语从句，主句中的先行词thehours被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，thehours表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即when。,1.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone2.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.ThatB.whereC.whichD.theone,Exercise,B,D,3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Iliveinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when;whereB.which;whichC.when;whichD.which;where4.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.forwhichB.forwhatC.whichD.that,C,A,5.Maythefourthistheday_weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich6.Isthatthereason_youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat,A,C,7.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./8.Iwillneverforgettheday_westudiedtogether.A.atwhichB.onthatC.atthatD.onwhich,C,D,9.IshouldliketousethesameTVset_isusedinyourclassroom.A.whichB.whoC.asD.whose10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.onwhichB.whereC.inthatD.duringwhich,C,D,11.Whocanthinkofasituation_thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat12.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that,C,D,13.Ihavemanybooks,someof_areonchemistry.A.ThemB.thatC.whichD.those14.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,C,A,15.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.whereC./D.whenIcanstillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,C,D,Formoreexercises,clickhere.,1.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.(全国2004)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich,高考链接,A,2.Iworkinabusiness_almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(湖南2004)A.howB.whichC.whereD.that,C,3.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(广东2005)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that,A,4.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.(2006浙江)A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which,B,5.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽)A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom,D,6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.(2007江苏)A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat,A,7.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.(2007天津)A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where,D,8.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_hefoundajobinabigcompany.(2007辽宁)A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis,B,9.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer_sheneededtodecidewhattodo.(2007江西)A.th