状语从句讲练

状语从句(AdverbialClauses)一、状语的概念英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。Eg.Hestudiesveryhardandverywell.二、状语的功用：状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、程度、方式和伴随状况等。因而可分为时间状语，地点状语，原因状语，结果状语，目的状语、方式状语等。Eg.Heranveryfastinthesportsmeetinglastyear.,三、状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、动词不定式或相当于副词的词或短语及句子来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。如果由一个句子做状语的叫状语从句。四、状语从句的分类：根据状语的功用，状语从句分为时间状语从句(when,after,before,until,till,assoonas,while,sinceetc.)2.条件状语从句(if,unless)3.原因状语从句(because)4.比较状语从句(asas,than)5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.结果状语从句8.地点状语从句1).HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.2).Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.3).Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Note:状语从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。,专题13状语从句【考点直击】1.时间状语从句2.条件状语从句3.原因状语从句4.结果状语从句5.比较状语从句6.目的状语从句7.让步状语从句8.地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。,1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：Itwasraininghardwhenhegottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.,(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewontbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”,“在以前不”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Letswaituntiltherainstops.WewontstartuntilBobcomes.Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.,2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：IllhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.Hewontbelateunlessheisill.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryoullbelate.=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.,3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Whyarentgoingthere?-BecauseIdontwantto.Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。,4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecantbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldntseeit.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“.so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldntsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.,在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.,(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecantgotothecinemawithyou.5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas,比较级+than等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.,6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句),7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.(2)although(though)不能和but用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.,【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)Youwillstayhealthy_youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。2.(2004年江西省中考试题)-Shallwegoonworking?-Yes,_Iprefertohavearest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。,3.(2004年徐州市中考试题)Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_theytoldusaboutit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil”这一句型。4.(2004年泉州市中考试题)-Ihopeyoullenjoyyourtrip,dear!-Thankyou,mum.Illgiveyouacall_Igetthere.A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用assoonas。,一.单项填空1._hesold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2.-Doyouknowifhe_toplaybasketballwithus?-Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachild_intothewaterandcantswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup_him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.Idontremember_heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt_tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming,6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_crossthestreet_thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.dont;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because8.IllgoswimmingwithyouifI_freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was9.Intheexam,the_youare,_the_mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_yougoouttoplay.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while,11.Ihurried_Iwouldntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder14.Hetookoffhiscoat_hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since15.Itis_thatwedliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday,16.Maryhad_muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very17._Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif18._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As19._wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment20.Writetomeassoonasyou_toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got,二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。Iamnotangrywithhim,_jokeshe_onme.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当作母亲。Mrs.Brucewas_kindtoherstudents_they_her_theirmother.3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance_wetryourbest.4.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Willyoupleasecallme_yougettoShanghai.,5.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano_shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.6.虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。_,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.7.他长大后相当一名记者。Hewantstobeajournalist_.8.无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。_windyorrainy,ourteacherisalway