Unit 6 section A

,CONTENTS,B,E,Lead-in,TextReading,TextUnderstanding,ThemeExploration,Summary,LessisMore,Tellthestory“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟)toyourclassmatesanddiscussitsmessage.,InthelateyearsoftheQinDynasty(秦朝,221-206BC),XiangYu(项羽)launchedarebellion.AftercrossingtheZhangRiver(漳河),XiangYuorderedhissoldierstosinkalltheboatsandbreaktheircookingpots,leavingonlyathree-daysupplyoffoodforeachsoldier.Hewarnedthemthattherewasnowaytoretreat;theonlythingtheycoulddotosurvivewastoadvanceandfight.XiangYusboatburningstrategygavehismennochoicebuttogoforwardtofightwithskillandpassion.Afterninefuriouswar,theQinarmywasfinallydefeated.,LessisMore,FOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY,rivaloptions,WhydidGeneralXiangYuorderhistroopstocrushtheircookingpotsandburntheirsailingshipswhencrossingtheZhangRiver?(Para.3),Tips,toimposeonhistroopsanecessarysacrificetoachievevictoryovertheiropponents.,toinspirethesoldiersbemoredeterminedandconcentratedonthebattles.,PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopen_aboutXiangYu.Facingchoicesofrivaloptions,hemadeanunusualdecision-orderinghistroopstocrushcookingpotsandburntheirsailingships.Bydoingthis,heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemysterritorybutopenedthewindowfor_.,PartI(Paras.1-_),3,windowsofopportunity,winningthebattle,AccordingtoDr.Arielysbook,PredictablyIrrational,whatmightbeaweaknessofhumanbeings?(Para.4),Hisexperimentshowsthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.,PartIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothe_ofthestudentsatMIT.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_,Dr.Arielyfoundthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.,PartII(Para.4),modernstory,irrationalbehavior,Whatsthesignificanceofdoingtheexperiments?(Para.5),Whatsthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6),Howdidstudentslossmoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7),PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthe_oftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudents_.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents_.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedontseethefuture_.,PartIII(Paras.5-_),9,purposeandsignificance,losingmoney,irrationalbehavior,vanishingaway,Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10-12),PartIV(Paras.10-12),PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducing_.suchasprohibitionofoverbooking,tryingtolessentheload,rememberingthelessonsof_likeXiangYu,andkeepingthoseactivities_.,unnecessaryoptions,doorclosers,enrichingourlives,Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14),PartV(Paras.13-14),PartIIIconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionif_.Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.,moreisbetterthanless,Doorcloser,areyou?Whenfacedwith_options,XiangYuprovedtoawonderfuldecision-maker.Hetookhistroopsmakinga_intoenemyterritory.Tohistroops_,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned,whichgavehistroopsonlyone_:towinthebattle.Thebattleturnedouttobeagreatsuccessonhisside.,Tobecontinued,rival,raid,astonishment,option,Thisstoryindicatesthatwhileclosingthedoorfordoingsomething,peoplemayopenthe_forachievingsomethingmoresignificant.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_behavior,Dr.Ariely,foundthatmanystudentsinhisexperimentjustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptions_thoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemto_.Hethenemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedontseethefuturevanishingaway.,Tobecontinued,window,irrational,vanish,letgo,Tosolvethisproblem,peoplecanbalancetheirlivesbyreducing_optionsontheirownandkeepingthoseactivitiesthatwillactuallyenrichtheirlives.Toconclude,weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsof_toopen.,opportunityandhappiness,unnecessary,1.Inyouropinion,whatisanirrationalbehavior?Givesomeexamples.,Itisanactionoropinionbasedoninadequateuseofreasonandlogic:Onceapriceisestablishedintheirminds,theywillcompareothersimilaritemswiththispriceBuyproductstheydontneedjustbecausetheygetsomethingforfreeinthetransaction.Dosomethingjustbecausesomeotherpeoplearedoingthesamething.,2.Whatdoyouthinkmaycausepeoplesirrationalbehavior?,IgnorancePeoplecanbetotallyunawareofasituationbeforeformingtheirownviewsandjudgments.EmotionsPeopletakeoffenseorgetangrybeforethesituationactuallyoccurs.StressItcreatesfeelingofanger,irritationandfrustration.BlindbeliefsThey