系动词用法(罗方雨）

定义,系动词，亦称连系动词（LinkVerb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。分类:状态系动词;持续系动词;表像系动词感官系动词;变化系动词;终止系动词,状态系动词be,用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词Heisateacher.Heisill.(表示主语的状态)连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：Mydreamistobeascientist.Allyouhavetodoistolisten.,表像系动词,用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.Sheappears18.Butinfact,sheisalready28.,持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,continue.例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.Thismatterremainsamystery.Itcontinued/remainedrainyfordays.Hestoodquitestill,excepthislipsmovedslightly.Thesnowlaythickontheground.,注意：(1)表示“仍然处于原来的状态”时，remain和stay可以互换，例如：Threeofthemremained/stayedsingle.Shopsshouldremain/stayopentilllaterintheevening.Thedoorstayed/remainedclosed.Butthepolicethemselvesprefertostay/remainunarmed.,(2)表示“需要设法才能保持某种状态”时，可用keep和stay.后常接的形容词有calm,clean,awake,young,warm,fine等.例如：Sheknewshemustkeep/staycalm.Althoughtheyhavemanydifficulties,theykeephappy.Paulmanagedtokeep/stayawakebydrinkinglotsofstrongblackcoffee.,感官系动词,感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look.例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.Themusicsoundsnice.Thefishtastesgood.,变化系动词,这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.go和come是一对相反的词.go+adj.表示令人不愉快的事;come+adj.表示好的事情,还可以接前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示变化的情况。goblind/mad/hungry/badcometrue/right/clear/dear/unstuck/untiedHisdreamtobeapilothascometrue.Myshoelaceshavecomeundone.Shewentblindattheageof8.,run后接short,dry,low,deep等形容词,主语为流动性的或能消耗掉的东西。Theirmoneywasrunningshort.Thewellhasrundry.但表语为wild时,主语是人;runwild(放荡不羁）Dontletthechildrenrunwild.grow常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。Mylittlebrotherhasgrownmuchtallerinthepastyear.Shegrewthinnerandthinner.Soontheskygrewlight.,turn表示“变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色和天气等变化。Theweathersuddenlyturnedmuchcolder.Herfaceturnedbluewithfear.Sheturnedteacheraftergraduation.get“变成,变得起来”,后可接形容词,分词,介词短语;接不定式时表示“由不变得”.Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.Hegotexcitedaboutit.Mywatchgetsoutoforder.,fall接asleep,silent,quiet等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词，但不能接形容词的比较级。WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mylittlesisterfellasleep.Shefellillfromcold.Thenaughtyboyfellsilentsuddenly.fallapart(散开)fallflat(没效果),become“变成;变为”(好坏均可),语气正式,且不能用于将来时态,强调结果.表人的身体状况,情绪,天气和社会变化时可与get互换使用.Hebecamealawyer.Ibecame/gotinterestedinmath.Hebecame/gotangrywithme.Ihopeyouwillbecome/getwell.,注意：1.become,turn,go,get,fall后面能接名词作表语,其他则不能.turn和go后面的名词不带冠词。Hisdreamhasbecome/gotareality.Hehasturnedscientist.Shehasgoneartist.Hefellanvictimtocancer.2.表变化的系动词用于进行时态时，表示逐渐的变化。Thedaysaregetting/becominglongerandlonger.Sheisgrowingtobemoreandmorelikehermother.,终止系动词