2014高中英语（牛津译林版必修1，安徽专用）同步课件：unit 3　looking good，feeling good section ⅱ word power（ 2014高考）

Unit 3Looking good，feeling good Section Word power，Grammar and usage,研读教材，完成下列内容一、重点单词熟记1 n运动员2 n效果；作用；影响3 vt.影响；(病毒)感染4 n成就5 n(在网上发布的)帖子,athlete,effect,affect,achievement,post,二、探究重点短语1 effect副作用2fall (头发等)脱落3put on 体重增加4on ones 独自地5take the 冒险6have an effect 对有影响7 a week 一周二次8stay in 保持好体形,side,out,weight,own,risk,on,twice,shape,三、背诵教材佳句1Oh，I really dont know which sport .我真不知道选择哪一项运动。2I your friend should take the risk.我认为你的朋友不应该冒这个险。,to choose,dont think,1get hurt受伤(教材原句)Hmm，maybe I dont want to get hurt.嗯，也许我不想受伤。(P46)The soldier got hurt in the battle.这个士兵在战争中受了伤。You had better wear a hat，or youll get sunburnt.你最好戴顶帽子，要不然你会被晒黑的。,【用法归纳】get married结婚get burnt烧伤get lost 迷失，迷路get changed更衣get killed被杀get dressed穿上衣服get paid被付工资，得到报酬get separated from sb和某人分离get known to/by sb为某人所知get caught in the rain/snow/storm被雨/雪/暴风雨困住,【误区警示】 get可用作连系动词和过去分词连用构成被动语态。多用于口语中，其后不接“by执行者”，该结构主要用来表示结果或状态。常见应用场合有：表示突然、偶然、意外发生的事。表示反身行为而非被动行为。,表示说话者强调的动作。He got hurt in the 110meter hurdles.在110米栏比赛中他受伤了。I have to get dressed before 6 oclock.6点钟前我必须穿戴好。They are to get married next month.他们下个月就要结婚了。,【辨析】getv.ed/bev.ed,【即境活用】完成句子As we walked into the forest further，we (迷路了)Im afraid that you dont have enough time to (换衣服),got lost,get changed,As we walked into the big hall，we got _from each other.Amissed BlostCspared Dseparated解析get separated from.与某人分离开来。答案D,Sarah，hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _before the party.Aget changed Bget changeCget changing Dget to change解析注意此处before the party所提供的语义环境，由此得知change的意思是“更换”，get changed意思是“更换衣服”。答案A,They are going to _on New Years Day.Aget married Bbe marriedCget marrying Dbe in marriage解析表示“结婚”用“get/be married”；get married表示短暂的动作，而be married表示状态。答案A,2疑问词to do(教材原句)I really dont know which sport to choose.我确实不知道该选哪种运动。(P46)【句法分析】 这是一个简单句，which sport to choose结构宾语。He taught me how to operate the new machine.他教我怎么操作新机器。The problem is where to hold the meeting.问题是去哪里召开会议。We havent known when to start.我们还不知道何时动身。,【用法归纳】 “疑问词不定式”除了保持原有的动词性质之外，又增加了名词的性质。因此，可以像名词一样在句中作主语、表语、宾补、同位语及后置定语。可以用在此结构中的常用动词有：谓语动词(短语)有：go，carry out，advise，decide，learn，discuss，find out，know，remember，teach，tell，wonder 等。疑问代/副词有：what，when，where，which，how，whether等。Where to go is still a question.到哪里去还是个问题。The question is how to carry out the plan.问题是如何执行该计划。,本结构中的动词不定式往往与前面的疑问代词或其短语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式结构采用主动形式。She cant decide which one to choose.她决定不下来该选哪一个。该结构作定语时，通常限于“介词which动词不定式”的结构中。The little girl asked her mother to get her a pen with which to write.这个小女孩要她妈妈给她买支钢笔写字。【考法提示】 对此结构的考查重点是选择正确的疑问词。,【即境活用】翻译句子他不知道接下来做什么。 .是否举行晚会还没有确定。 .He is looking for the key with which to unlock the door. 。,He doesnt know what to do next,Whether to hold the party has not been decided,他正在寻找开门的钥匙,He wondered how to deal with the matter. 。Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _to read fast.Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy解析本题考查“疑问词to do”的用法。首先要弄清各个疑问词的意思，同时要把握句意。句意：20个学生想上这个班，这个班的目标是教(学生)如何快速阅读。根据句意，应选how(如何)，表方式。答案C,他不知道该怎么处理这件事,3on your own/try doing(教材原句)If you like sports that you can do on your own，then try dancing，如果你喜欢做你能独立完成的运动，那么就试试跳舞，(P47)【句法分析】 这是一个主从复合句，主句是then try dancing，if 引导一个条件状语从句，that引导定语从句修饰先形词sports。(1)on ones own独立地，单独地He lives on his own.他独自生活。He can do it on his own.他自己就能做这件事。,【考点警示】 on ones own一般用作状语，of ones own属于某人自己的，一般用作定语。(2)try doing尝试做I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种植花木，但未成功。The police try to help that child find the way home.警察尽力帮助那个孩子找到回家的路。,【辨析】try to do/manage to do/try doing,In spite of the storm，he managed to get here in time.尽管有暴风雨，他还是设法及时到达了这里。,【即境活用】完成句子他尽力去尝试着倒立，但是没有成功。He on his head，but failed.他有自己的一所房子，这房子是他去年独自建造的，所以他是该房子的主人。He has a house ，and the house was built last year，so he is the of the house.,tried to try standing,of his own,on his own,owner,I usually go there by train.Why not _by boat for a change?Ato try going Btrying to goCto try and go Dtry going解析why not后面接动词原形；try doing.尝试做。答案D,4consider vt.(教材原句)Now he is considering taking some pills，.现在他正考虑吃一些药片，(P49)(1)v.考虑，细想后接动名词。He considered going to see them in person.他考虑亲自去看望他们。后接名词或代词。We must consider it very carefully.我们必须非常仔细地考虑这件事。,后接从句。We must consider whats to be done.我们必须考虑该怎么办。后接“疑问词不定式”。Have you considered how to get there?你是否考虑过如何到那里？,(2)vt.认为，以为，把看作从句We consider that a friend in need is a friend indeed.我们认为患难之交才是真正的朋友。名词/代词宾语补足语(可用名词/形容词/不定式/介词短语作宾语补足语)We consider Beijing the heart of our country.我们认为北京是我国的心脏。They considered me too young to do the work.他们认为我太年轻，干不了这项工作。We consider only such methods to be correct.我们认为只有这样的方法才是正确的。,【学法指导】consider sb to do/to have done sthSb be considered to do/to have done sthIt is considered that sb will do/did/has done sth认为某人要做/已经做了某事。It is considered that she will do the experiment in the lab.She is considered to do the experiment in the lab.大家认为她要在实验室做实验。He is considered to have known about it.It is considered that he has known about it.People consider him to have known about it.人们认为他已经知道了此事 。,consider itadj./n.不定式/that从句(consider可以换用think/feel/believe/find等词)I consider it a foolish idea to accept the invitation.我认为接受这个邀请是一个愚蠢的主意。She considers it dangerous that you should drive at such a speed.她认为你以这个速度开车是危险的。Considering/Given/Seeing(that)hes only been learning English for three months，he speaks it very well.鉴于他才学了3个月英语，他的英语讲得算是很不错的。,【考点警示】 consider作“考虑到”讲时，其现在分词considering可用作从属连词或介词，意为“鉴于，考虑到”，类似用法的分词还有given/seeing。consider后动词形式的正确应用是考查热点，包括作宾语和宾语补足语二类。,【典例剖析】典例1All the staff in our company are considering _to the city centre for the fashion show.Ato go BgoingCto have gone Dhaving gone解析考查consider doing结构。句意：我们公司的所有员工正考虑去市中心看时装表演。consider在句中意为“考虑”，其后接动名词形式，故排除A、C两项；另外，go这一动作还未发生，故排除D项。答案B,典例2Have you considered_the job as a teacher?Yes.I like it because a teacher is often considered _a gardener.Ato take；to be Bto take；beingCtaking；being Dtaking；to be解析句意：“你打算接受教师这份工作吗？”“是的。我喜欢它，因为教师常常被看作园丁。”问句中consider意为“考虑，打算”，其后接动名词作宾语；答语中consider意为“认为”，其后接不定式作补足语。所以D项正确。答案D,【即境活用】完成句子He is (考虑换工作)Edison is considered (发明了电灯泡)She is very active， (就她年龄而言),considering changing his job,to have invented the light bulb,considering her age,The majority of people in the town strongly _the plan to build a playground for children.Aconsider BsupportCconfirm Dsubmit解析本题考查动词辨析。句意为“镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建操场的计划”。consider考虑，思考，认为；support支持，拥护，维持；confirm证实，确认；submit使屈服，使经受。答案B,_they are beginners，they are doing quite a good job.AConsidering that BOn condition thatCNow that DFor fear that解析句意：考虑到他们是新手，他们做得已经很不错了。considering(that)鉴于，考虑到；on condition that只要，条件是；now that既然；for fear that唯恐。结合句意可知A项正确。答案A,5affect vt.影响，感动；(疾病)侵袭(教材原句)After your friend taking this kind of pill for some time，his hair might fall out or he might have health problems，some of which may even affect his liver or heart.你朋友服用这种药一段时间之后或许会脱发，或许会出现健康问题，其中一些问题甚至会影响他的肝脏或心脏。(P49)【句法分析】 这是一个并列复合句。after.time是介词短语，作时间状语；第一个or连接两个并列句；some of which.是非限制性定语从句。,The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.气候影响了降雨量。The audience was deeply affected.听众深受感动。The disease affected his lungs.疾病感染了他的肺部。,【辨析】affect/effect/effort,【用法归纳】 bring/put sth into effect实行，实现，使生效side effect副作用have/produce an effect on.对有影响be of no effect无效的，无用的【考法提示】 have/produce an effect onaffect对有影响，在多种题型中，包括单项选择、完型填空、任务型阅读及简答中经常考查对affect和effect的用法区别。,【即境活用】完成句子他去世的消息使她深感悲伤。She deeply the news of his death.有时老师的言行比父母的言行对孩子的影响更大。What the teacher says and does sometimes has a greater a child than that of his parents.,was,affected by,effect on,With the governments aid，those _by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.Aaffect BaffectingCaffected Dwere affected解析考查非谓语动词。句意：在政府的帮助下，那些受到地震影响的人们已经搬进了新居。句中有have moved作谓语，因此空格处应选择能作定语的选项，若those后有who可选D项，这样构成一个定语从句，但缺少who，因此只能选affect的过去分词形式作定语，因为affect(影响)与those(那些人们)之间是逻辑 上的动宾关系，故选C项。答案C,6achievement n成就，成绩，功绩；达到，完成(教材原句)Some athletes，whose achievements were great，died very young because they took this kind of pill.一些成就卓著的运动员英年早逝，就是因为他们服用了这种药片。(P49),【句法分析】 这是一个复合句。whose引导非限制性定语从句；because引导原因状语从句。Winning three gold medals is a great achievement.赢得三枚金牌是个了不起的成就。His achievement respected by the people is fighting for the independence of this country.他受到人们敬仰的功绩是为这个国家的独立而战。The achievement of ones purpose depends largely upon ones effort.实现自己的目标主要靠自己的努力。,【用法归纳】 achieve vt.完成；达到，赢得achievable adj.可完成的，可达到的achiever n成功人士quite an achievement了不起的成就a sense of achievement成就感achieve ones aim/goal达到目的achieve success获得成功,【考法提示】 achievement的词性、词义以及动词achieve的相关短语是命题导向。,【即境活用】完成句子当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。We felt a great when we reached the top of the mountain.要是他不努力一点儿，他永远不会有所成就。He will if he doesnt work harder.,sense of achievement,never achieve anything,He went back home without having _any success.Acompleted BachievedCfinished Daccomplished解析achieve指完成伟大功业；complete强调可使某事物完善、完整；finish强调事情的终结；accomplish指成功地完成预期的计划、任务等，后面往往不接具体事物。答案B,Mans first walk on the moon was a stunning technological _.Asuccess BachievementCsuccessive Daccomplishment解析句意为“人类第一次在月球上行走是工业技术上一项引人注目的成就”。achievement指不顾困难，连续努力所取得的成就，尤指科技等方面；success指通过努力取得令人满意的成就；successive是形容词，意为“连续性的”；accomplishment指按预订计划完成。答案B,They felt a great sense of _to see their childrens _.Aachievement；achievementBachievements；achievementsCachievement；achievementsDachievements；achievement解析考查achievement的可数与不可数性。 句意：看到孩子们的成绩，他们有一种巨大的成就感。第一个空所填之词表示“完成，达到；成就”，属于不可数名词，a great sense of achievement一种巨大的成就感；第二个空所填之词意为“成绩，成就”，为可数名词，故用复数，所以选择C项。答案C,语法导图,知能精解一、非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词之间无逗号，翻译时常译成前置定语；而非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句隔开，翻译时常译成并列分句。The note was left by John，who was here a moment ago.这张便条是约翰留的，他刚才还在这儿。,(1)两种定语从句的区别,All the books here that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.这儿所有里面有漂亮图画的书都是他写的。(没有逗号，含义是书有带图画的和不带图画的两类)I have an elder sister who works in a hospital.我有一个在医院工作的姐姐。(无逗号，暗示可能还有别的姐姐)All the books here ，which have beautiful pictures in them，were written by him.这儿所有的书都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。(有逗号，从句只是附加说明，提供更多信息)I have an elder sister，who works in a hopsital.我有一个姐姐，她在一家医院工作。(只有一个姐姐),(2)as和which引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.出乎我们意料的是，天气变得非常好。As is known to everybody，the moon travels around the earth.众所周知，月亮绕着地球转。,定语从句中，as，which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是，当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as，不能用which。当定语从句放在主句后面时，as也并非永远等于which。a当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。He came here very late，which was unexpected.他来这儿非常晚，这是令人没想到的。b当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态，如：be known，be said，be reported，be announced等。如果从句中的动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。,She has been absent again，as is expected.她又缺席了，这在意料之中。Tom has made great progress，which makes me very happy.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使我很高兴。cas常用在as(it)seems likely，as(it)often happens，as (it)was said earlier，as I remember(it)，as I understand(it)，as(it)appears等结构中。Jack has won the first prize，as it often happens.像往常一样，杰克得了一等奖。She has read widely in Romantic literature，as it appears from her essay.她广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学，这从她的文章中可以看出来。,das仍然保持作连词时常用的含义。David is very tall，as are my brothers.戴维很高，我的兄弟们也一样高。He opposed the idea，as could be expected.不出所料，他反对这个意见。【学法点拨】 which在非限制性定语从句中有时能作定语，形成“介词whichn.”的关系词部分，which指代前面的先行词，两者是同位关系。He stayed in England for three years，during which time he learned English.他在英国待了三年，在此期间他学会了英语。,【考点警示】 在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。all，none，both，neither，any，each，either等代词。The professor has two sons，both of whom are teaching in the same university.这位教授有两个儿子，他们在同一所大学教书。,基数词，a few，several，many，a lot，a large number，a great many，a great deal，a large quantity。At the Barcelona Olympic Games the Chinese Team got 16 gold medals,12 of which were won by women.在巴塞罗那奥运会上，中国队夺得16枚金牌，其中12枚由女子夺得。There are 54 students in our class，three of whom come from the USA.我们班有54名学生，其中3名来自美国。,the形容词的最高级，thelast，the序数词。New York is famous for its skyscrapers，the highest of which has more than 100 storeys.纽约以其摩天大楼而出名，其中最高的有100多层。【考法提示】as、which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；关系代词、关系副词间或同其它词what等的用法区别；非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别以及与其它从句的区别。,【典例剖析】典例1(1)The beautiful village，_we spent our holiday last month，lies at the foot of a mountain.Awhere BthatCwhich Dwhat解析where在此为关系副词，引导非限制性定语从句。答案A,典例2I shall never forget these days _I spent with the farmers，_has a great effect on my life.Awhen；which Bthat；whichCwhich；that Dwhen；who解析第一空前的these days在定语从句中作宾语；第二空应填which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代these days。答案B,典例3There is a mountain _the top is always covered with snow.Aof that Bof which Cits Dthat解析of which在定语从句中作the top的定语，等于the top of which。介词后不用that，故选项A不对；its不能作定语从句中的关系代词，故选项C不对；that不能作the top的定语，故选项D不对。答案B,典例4Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，_，of course，made all the others upset.Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dthat解析本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。句意：玛丽对杰克要比对其他人好，这当然令其他人不快。分析题干可知，本题为非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个主句的意思，故选项B正确。A项指人；C项不能引导定语从句；D项不能引导非限制性定语从句。答案B,典例5Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，_it will keep for two or three weeks.Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhile解析句意：“任何剩下的东西也许都可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保存两到三周的时间。”由引导词前面的逗号判断，这是一个非限制性定语从句，而D项while是不能引导定语从句的；先行词refrigerator不是时间名词，也不能选用A项when；B项which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但which本身充当从句的主语或宾语；C项where表示“在那里”，可以引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，因此选C。答案C,【解题指导】 解答非限制性定语从句类题目时，要做到以下两点：分析句子结构，找准先行词，确定逗号后为非限制性定语从句，排除that。认真分析非限制性定语从句的句子成分，确定关系代词或关系副词。,二、反意疑问句1反意疑问句的功能简介：反意疑问句是跟在陈述句后面的短小问句，通常用于英语口语中，以礼貌的语气提出要求、确认某个信息或征求同意。You are a nurse，arent you？(询问信息)你是一个护士，是不是？You still go to school by bike，dont you？(确认某个信息)你仍然是骑自行车上学，是不是？Post this letter for me，will you？(提出要求)请帮我邮寄这封信，行吗？,【学法指导】 一般情况下，使用反意疑问句时，前面的陈述句用降调，后面的疑问句使用升调。但当说话者希望对方同意自己的看法时，反意疑问句以降调结束。如果说话者只是确认信息，反意疑问句以升调结束。You still go for a walk after supper every day，dont you( )?(说话者认为对方仍然每天晚饭后散步，并期待对方给予肯定回答)You still go for a walk after supper every day，dont you ( )?(说话者因为不知道答案，期望得到确认),2反意疑问句的构成和用法：(1)在肯定陈述句后，疑问句用否定疑问形式；在否定陈述句后，疑问句用肯定疑问形式。You bought the books this morning，didnt you?你今天上午买的这些书，是吗？She hasnt met Tom recently，has she?她最近没有碰到汤姆，是吗？【考点警示】 陈述句中只带有否定前缀(im；un；il；dis)或后缀(less)的词时，反意问句仍用否定形式。He is unable to finish the task within a week，isnt he?他在一周内不能完成那项任务，对不对？,(2)在陈述句用了表示否定意思的neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little(表示“少”)，never，no，no one，hardly，seldom等词后，疑问句用肯定疑问形式。He has nothing to say，has/does he？他没什么要说了，是吗？There is little milk in the bottle，is there?瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了，对吗？(3)如果陈述句中的主语是名词，在疑问句中，要用相应的人称代词I，we，you，he，she，it或者they，来代替陈述句中的主语。,【考点警示】 当主语是everybody，anyone，somebody，nobody，no one等时，疑问部分的主语常用they，强调个体时，也可以用he。No one knows him，do they (does he)?没有人认识他，不是吗？Nobody phoned me while I was out，did they?我外出时没有谁打电话找我，是吗？,(4)一般情况下，当陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与主句的主语和谓语动词一致。He said he would visit you next month，didnt he?他说他下周将来看你，不是吗？【考点警示】 但当陈述部分是“I dont think/believe/suppose.宾语从句”时，反意疑问句部分必须和宾语从句在动词和主语上保持一致，并用肯定形式；当主语是第二、第三人称时，则要与主句的主谓语一致，并用肯定形式。,I dont believe she knows it，does she?我认为她不知道这件事，是吗？He doesnt think you are right，does he?他不认为你对了，对吗？(5)几种反意疑问句中谓语动词的变化：陈述部分谓语动词含有used to，疑问部分谓语可用didnt或usednt。He used to work in a small city，didnt/usednt he?他过去在一个小城市工作，不是吗？陈述部分谓语动词含有ought to，疑问部分可用oughtnt或shouldnt。You ought to know where to find him，oughtnt/shouldnt you？你应该知道去哪里找到他，对不对？,【考法提示】 陈述部分谓语动词含有must，疑问部分谓语要根据实际情况而定。如果must表示“一定，必须”，疑问部分谓语可用neednt或mustnt。如果must表示推测，疑问部分谓语动词的时态根据具体的时间状语来决定。Mum must have known about this，hasnt she?妈妈一定已经知道这件事了，不是吗？Our class teacher must be preparing her lesson now，isnt she?我们的班主任现在一定正在备课，不是吗？He must have arrived at Beijing yesterday，didnt he?他昨天一定已经到了北京，不是吗？,(6)在祈使句后的反意疑问句中，一般用will you结尾。但在Lets开头的祈使句中，一般用shall we结尾。以Let us/them /him/her引起的祈使句，疑问部分用will you；以Let me引起的祈使句，疑问部分用may I或shall I。Let him go with you，will you？让他跟你一起去，行吗？,(7)陈述部分含有表示否定意义的too.to.结构时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。The old man was too moved to speak，was he?那位老人感动得说不出话来，是吗？但当too.to不表示否定意义，疑问部分用否定形式。The parents were too happy to know about their sons success，werent they?父母亲很高兴得知儿子的成功，是不是？,【考法提示】 陈述部分含有must，后面反意疑问部分的表达形式；陈述部分为there be句式，后面反意疑问部分的表达形式；祈使句后面的反意疑问部分的表达形式；并列句的反意疑问部分应该与哪一个分句一致；主从复合句的反意疑问部分与主句还是从句保持一致。,【典例剖析】典例1There is little we can do about it，_？Ais there Bisnt thereCcan we Dcant we解析本题考查反意疑问句的用法。There be句型中的反意疑问句，问句用there，陈述句部分有否定词little，故问句应用肯定形式。答案A,典例2Listen！His family must be quarrelling，_？Amustnt it Bisnt itCarent t