牛津英语8B(苏教版)单词辨析(期末)

一、构词法1动词名词workworker inventinventor teachteacher singsinger visitvisitor drivedriver inventinvention operateoperation2名词名词farmfarmer policepoliceman FrenchFrenchman3名词形容词carecareless helphelpless carecareful useusefulsunsunny cloudcloudy windwindy rainrainyAmericaAmerican ChinaChineseinterestinteresting differencedifferent iceicydangerdangerous poisonpoisonousfriendfriendly love lovely4形容词副词quickquickly happyhappilypossiblepossibly truetrulypolitepolitely widewidely5形容词反义词happyunhappy usualunusual ableunablepoliteimpolite dependentindependent二、常用词、词组和短语的英语解释例如：look aftertake care of do well inbe good atright awayat once right nownowhave a resttake a rest in the middle ofin the centre of感官动词1.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门) I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school.(此处有频率词often) 若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式： We saw him go into the restaurant. He was seen to go into the restaurant. I hear the boy cry every day. The boy is heard to cry every day.2.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词：1He looks angry.2. It sounds good. 3.The flowers smell beautiful. 4.The sweets taste sweet.5.The silk feels soft. 6.I felt tired. 7.They all looked tired. 这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：The sweets are tasted sweet.是个病句。 注意：如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词： He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea. It sounds like great fun. It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.词汇辨析yet, already, still1.still的意思是仍然 2.yet是现在完成时的标志， yet 用在疑问句和否定句中，3.already是现在完成时的标志，是已经的意思，用于肯定句中例句：Have you brush your teeth yet?你刷牙了吗？ Ive already bushed my teeth. 我已经刷牙了。too, also, either都表示“也”1.too用在句末，只用于肯定句。 I am a teacher, too2also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。 She is also a teacher3.either通常置于句末，用于否定句。 He isnt a teacher, eitherspeak, say, talk, tell1.speak重在指人们对语言的掌握或使用。 I can speak a little English2.say强调说话的内容 He said he was going to be a teacher3.talk指交谈或连续说话, 常与with或to搭配。 What are they talking about?4.tell意为告诉，tell sb.(to do) sth. Can you tell me the way to the cinema?borrow , lend，keep1.borrow常和from搭配，表示“借来”“借入”2.lend常与to搭配，表示“借给”“借出”Will you please lend me your bike?Sorry, Ive lent it to TomThank you all the sameIll borrow it from others3.keep表借来并保存，用于完成时态，延续性动词。How long have you kept your book?carry，bring，take搬运，带来，带走1.carry意思是“提、扛、搬、携带”，意思较多，但没有方向性。 Will you please carry the box for me?2bring意为“带来，拿来”，指把某物或某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来，也可以说是“由远及近”。 Bring me your dictionary tomorrow.3.take(带走)意为把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去，也可以说是“由近及远”，常和介词to构成搭配。 Can you help me take the books to the classroom? take，spend，cost，pay花费1.take后面常跟双宾语， 主语是物。常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。It took them three years to build this road. (2) doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 2.spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。I spent two hours on this Maths problem. (2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 3.cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：(1) sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。A new computer costs a lot of money. (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 4.pay的基本用法是：花费的金钱pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. sure 形容词：确信的 ，近义词certain1.be sure of /about sth. 对某事感到确信1. Im not sure about it.2. Are you sure of the time?2.be sure +that; be sure + wh- 对。感到确信3. You may be sure that he is honest.3.be sure+_ wh- to do sth. 对。感到确信4. I was not sure where to go.4.be sure to do sth. 对做某事感到确信5. He is sure to win.work固定工作/ /job 固定工作、临时工作1.work指“活、劳动、工作”时是不可数名词I have much work to do this afternoon.2.job指“活、事、一份工作”时是可数名词She lost her job.forget/ leave1.Leave sth. at/in sp.把某物遗忘在某地Dont leave your book at home.2.Forget 忘记某物，不能加地点I forgot my book.stop to do sth./Stop doing sth.的区别1.Stop talking, boys and girls.2.He is very tired and stops to have a rest.Stop from doing sth.阻止某人做某事3.We should stop people from cutting down the trees.see/watch/look at1.See强调结果What can you see in the picture?2.Watch 强调很认真的观看Do you often watch TV every night?3.Look at 强调动作Please look at the blackboard carefully.further/ farther1.Further 1.指在距离方面更远，较远： She s too tired to go any further. 2. 表示抽象意义，指程度上更进一步：If you need any further help, please call me.2.Farther 只表示距离上的更远，较远： I cant go any farther.hope ,wish希望1.hope 1)hope to do sth.希望做某事 He hopes to meet you tomorrow.2)hope that从句，希望： I hope that everything goes well.2.wish 1）wish sb. to do sth.希望做某事 I wish you to try your best. 2）wish to do sth. 希望/想要做某事 I wish to see the manager. 3）wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人 They wished me good luck.4) wish +that从句 但愿(从句用过去时表示虚拟) I wish I were a bird.family， house，home1.family 指家庭，家人：There are three people I my family.2.house 指房屋，住所：They are building a new house.3.home 指家，含有感情色彩：He misses his home very much.remember to do/doing1.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 2.remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?pleasant ，pleased， pleasure1.pleasant形容词，作定语，令人愉快的：Its pleasant weather today.2.pleased 形容词，自己感到满意的，指人的感受。作表语 The two friends are pleased to see each other again.3.pleasure 名词，高兴，娱乐是不可数名词 He takes no pleasure in his work. 表示乐趣，高兴的事，是可数名词 Its a pleasure to meet you.used to do, be used to doing, be used to do1.used to do 过去常常做某事 He used to live in London.2.be used to do 被用作做某事 Knives are used to cut food. 被动语态3.be used to doing 习惯做某事 Im not used to eating so much at lunch time4.be used for 用来做某事；.的作用是 The knife is used for cuttinghard，hardlyHe works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。 He hardly works at all.他很少干活。 late，lately；You have come too late.你来得太晚了。 Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗？most，mostlyThe person who talks most is often the one who does least.说得最 多的人常常干得最少。 The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。 wide，widely；His eyes open wide.他眼睛睁的大大的。English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被广泛地运用。close， closely ；She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。 The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。 high，highlyThe mountain is so high .山如此高啊。The twins were highly praised in the meeting. 会议上双胞胎被高度赞扬了。voice, sound, noise1. sound作“声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound。Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。2. noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如：Dont make any noise!别吵闹!3. voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌。谈笑都可用voice。The girl has a beautiful voice.那女孩嗓音很美。success，successful, succeed1.succeed是动词,成功 :Our plan has succeeded.我们的计划成功了。