BeijingOpera(京剧)

BeijingOpera,Part1:TheoriginofBeijingoperaPart2:TheprofessionandartisticformPart3:facialmakeupandcostumesPart4:FamouscharactersandcomparisonPart5:conclusion,contents,TheoriginofBeijingopera,AncientChineseOperaoriginatedinQingandHanDynasty,whichcamefromtraditionalsongsanddances,suchastheNuoplay(傩戏)andCommunitysFire(社火).,DramaformedmaturedinYuanDynastyandYuanZajuisasignofmaturityofChineseclassicaldrama.DouEYuan,byGuanHanQing,isoneoftherepresentativesofYuanZaju.,In1790s,fourwell-knownoperagroupsfromAnhuiprovinceheadedtoBeijingtocelebrate80thbirthdayoftheQianlongEmperorandthenAnhuiOpera(徽剧)integrated(整合)withShanxiOpera(秦腔)andKunquOpera(昆剧),TheyarenamedSanqing(三庆班)Sixi(四喜班)Hechun(和春班)andChuntai(春台班),In1828,someoperagroupsfromHubeiprovincearrivedinBeijingandthentheErhuang(二黄)TonemergedwithXipi(西皮)ToneofHubeiforminganewtypeofmusiccalledPihuang(皮黄),ThegroupsfromAnhuiprovinceandHubeiprovincealwaysactedinthesamestage.Gradually,anewoperawithBeijingdialect(方言)pronunciationwasborn.,TheprofessionofBeijingopera,MaleRole(Sheng)生,生,旦,净,丑,FemaleRole(Dan)旦,PaintedFaceMale(Jing)净,ComedyActororClown（小丑）(Chou)丑,MainRolesinBeijingOpera,Sheng,Maleroles:middle-agedoroldmen(老生)(2)youngmen(小生)(3)menwithmartial(军事的；战争的）skills(武生),Shenginchinesemaymeans“strange”or“rare”,butthemosttabooinactingis“sheng”.Thereasonbythatnameofshengistoaskedactorssophistication(成熟老练，老于世故).Sothechiefmaleroleisawellknowncharacter,Thelaoshengisdignified(庄严地；高贵的）olderrole.Thesecharactershaveagentleandcultivated（有教养的）disposition（性情）andwearsensible（明智的）costumes,Laosheng,Xiaosheng,Youngmalecharactersareknownasxiaosheng.Thesecharacterssinginahigh,shrill(尖锐的）voicewithoccasionalbreakstorepresentthevoicechangingperiodofadolescence（青春期）,Wusheng,Thewushengisamartialcharacterforrolesinvolvingcombat(战斗）.Theyarehighlytrainedinacrobatics（杂技）,andhaveanaturalvoicewhensinging,Dan,femaleroles:(1)awomanwithastrictmoralcode（道德准则）(青衣)(2)Younggirl(花旦)(3)anelderlywoman（大龄女人）(老旦),TheDanreferstoanyfemaleroleinBeijingOpera.Oldwomenwereplayedbylaodan.Martialwomenwerewudan.youngfemalewarriorsweredaomadan.virtuous(贞洁的)andelitewomenwereqingyi,andvivacious(活泼的)andunmarriedwomenwerehuadan,Wudan,Laodan,Daomadan,Huadan,Qingyi,Dan,whichmeans“morning”or“masculine”(阳性的），iscontrarytothefeminine(阴性的）natureofthecharacters.Womenbelongtofeminine.Sotheoppositemeaningsis“Dan”,Jing,paintedface:categories(派别)ofleading(正净)(2)assisting(副净)(3)militaryjing(武净),Itischaracterizedbysinging(唱),Itischaracterizedbyacting(做),Itfeaturesacrobatics(杂技)andstunts(打),Chou,Clown(丑角):（1）gentlecomedian(文丑)（2）militarycomedian(武丑)（3）femalecomedian(女丑),Chouhasthemeaningugly.Thisreflectsthetraditionalbeliefthattheclownscombinationofuglinessandlaughtercoulddriveawayevilspirits.,WenChou,civilianrolessuchasmerchants（商人）andjailers.,WuChou,minormilitaryroles.TheWuChouisoneofthemostdemandinginPekingoperabecauseofitscombinationofcomicacting,acrobaticsandastrongvoice.,TheartisticformofBeijingopera,BeijingOperaisacomprehensiveperformingarts.Thataresing,read,doandfight.,SingandReadmakeupthesong,oneofthetwoelementsfortheperformingartsDoandFightmakeupanotherbigfactordance,TheSing,singingisgoodatusingvocalskillstoexpressthecharacterspersonality,emotionalandmentalstate,TheRead,“read”meansNianBai,cooperatewithsingandcomplementeachother,alsotheimportantartmeansofcharactersthoughtsandfeelings,TheFight,“Fight”generaldividedinto“Handleworkand“Blanketwork“anditalsoreferstosomehardskills,“Do”generallyreferstotheformofdancemovementsandisoneofthemainsignofdrama.,TheDo,facialmakeup,Facialmakeup(脸谱)originatesfrommasksofsacrifice（祭祀）.ThefacialmakeupcanSuggestedcharacter,introducecharacteristicanddistinguish(区分)betweengoodevilbeautyandugliness.,reddenotesuprightness(正直)andloyalty(忠诚),Whiterepresentsevilorcraftycharacters.,blackisgiventocharactersofsoundnessandintegrity(正直).,Yellowrepresentsferocious(凶恶)orsinistercharacters.,BlueandGreenrepresentneutralcharacterespeciallyforoutlawsofthemarshes,Goldandsilver(银色)aregiventocharacterofmysteryespeciallyforghostsandgods.,CostumeofBeijingopera,COSTUME:,1、Thefirstclothing2、Thesecondclothing3、Thethirdclothing,ThefirstclothingClassify:Python(大蟒)ImprovepythonFlagofpythonOfficerdressImproveofficerdressLearnpettyofficerdressThejudgeclothescranecloakandCape,Python,Improvepython,Officerdress,Improveofficerdress,Thejudgeclothes,cranecloakandCape,Themagistrate(地方官)maywearanofficerdresswhenthereisperformanceoflocalofficialsTheemperor,officialsperformancegentlemenarecommonlyusedinclothingleisuretime:Cape,opencloakandpleats,Forfemalecourtofficials,mainlyclothing,suchasthequeenwife:femalepython,femaleofficerdresstemple,etc.Toshapewomenswife,miss,maids,andpovertyofwomengarmenthas:femaleCape,skirts,pants,jacket,etc.,Thesecondclothing,DependImprovedependArrowclothesJacketHoldclothingGreentunicTeagarmentsleeve,Depend,Improvedepend,Arrowclothes,Jacket,Holdclothing,Greentunic,Teagarmentsleeve,Commonlyknowntwokinds.filmclasshardclass,Thethirdclothing,Waterjacket:Theworkclothesprovidedbytheactor,andwithoutprejudice(偏见)totheprotectionofthecoatandthetwooftheclothesintheperformance(fromtheweather,orexcessivesweating).,filmclass,Fatcoat:Mainportray(描绘)differentcharactershaveahealthysoulbody,whichissimilartothefunctionofshoulderpads.,Coloredtrousers:Coloredtrouserscanroughlybedividedintothreekindsofnames,namelyredcoloredtrousers,blackcolorpants,variegated(杂色的)colorpants.,Collar:Becauseoftheclothingstyle,twoclothesaremostlyT-shirtsinordertomakethecharactersoftheperfectshape,intheshownotdewneck.Thereforeinfrontofthedressactorstotakeonaneckcollar.,Socks:(clothsocks)Itistwokindsofstyle,thewaisthighsocks,designedforblessingshoe,wearthesoapshoescharacterwears,secondwaistshortsocks,designedforDanwearcoloredshoesuse.,Thickbottom:thebottomthicknessisbasedonactorheightoractorsperforminglevel,NorthKorea:itisspecialmadeforWenChou,aboutoneinchthick.Character:theoldshoeciviliancommonlayershoe,shortsidebottomthicknessofaninch.,hardclass,Climbcloudshoe:maleimmortalcharacterscommonlyused,shortsidebottomthicknessistwoinch,twoinchfive.Soapshoes:FortheslaveThinbottom:malemartialartsactorofuniversal.,Coloredshoes:itisacommonuseforwomen.Colorthinbottom:thinbottomisafemalemartialartsactorofuniversal.,ThefamouscharactersofPekingopera,MeiLanfang(October22,1894August8,1961)wasoneofthemostfamousPekingoperaartistsinmodernhistory,exclusively(专门地)knownforhisQingyiroles.,MeiwasborninBeijingin1894intoafamilyofPekingoperaandKunquperformersofTaizhou,Jiangsuancestry.Hemadehisstagedebutin1904whenhewas10yearsold.,MeiplayedanimportantpartintheperformancetraditionofKunqu,notedparticularlyforhisinterpretationsofDuLiniangandBiSzhnandBeautyYu.,WangPeiyuwasborninSuzhouatMarch4,1978,sheisafamousfemalelaosheng.In1992,shewasadmittedtotheShanghaiOperaSchool,Representativeworks:失空斩搜孤救孤捉放曹文昭关击鼓骂曹,Thecomparisonbetweeneastandwestaboutopera,Westpart,OperastartedinItalyattheen