2014届初中毕业学业考试英语考纲词汇详解[1]

2014届初中毕业学业考试英语考纲词汇详解77A1. a (an) (art) 一（个，件）There is an eraser in the box.A knife and fork一副刀叉【经典试题】A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second. A. / B. the C. a D. an How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. the best B. a best C. the betterD.a better 2. ability (n) 能力; 才能;She has no ability in that kind of work.（ability后可接介词in或for引导的短语表示“有某方面的能力”，也可接动词不定式做定语，但不接“of + v-ing”）3. able (a.) 有能力的，能够I am afraid I wont be able to visit you on Saturday. 恐怕我无法在星期六来拜访您了。* unable (a.) 不能的，不能胜任的4. about （prep, ad.）关于，在各处；大约，到处 5. above (prep) 在.上面 在.之上, Water came above our knees.水淹过我们的膝盖 We cannot accept children above the age of 10.我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。【词语辨析】Above与最低限度和固定点相连，如：2000 feet above sea level海拔2000英尺。Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight.而over与数目，数量，年龄，金钱和时间相连，如： Hes over 50。他已年过半百。It cost over $100.这个值100美元。We waited over 2 hours. 6. abroad (a. ad.)在国外;到国外My son is still living abroad.He was famous both at home and abroad.(abroad前不可用in或to，但可用from表示“从国外”)7. absent (a.)缺席的,不在场的To be absent from work / school / a meeting缺勤，缺课，未出席会议。l according to按照，根据8. accent (n) 口音,腔调Judging by her accent, she must be a Southerner. 从她的口音判断,她准是南方人。9. accept (v)接受,领受;答应,同意(区别于receive)He has accepted our invitationShes decided not to accept the job.她决定不接受这项工作。10. accident (n)事故;灾祸by accident = by chance偶然地11. ache (n)痛，疼痛She felt an ache in her bank.她感觉背痛。【复合词】toothache, stomachache, heartache12. achieve (v)完成,实现，达到,赢得achieve peace实现和平 13. across (prep)横越,穿过（区别于through）14. act（n, v）表演, 扮演, 行动 Actor男演员 actress女演员15. action (n) 行动;行为;活动He was sorry for his actions.他为自己的行为感到懊悔。16. active (a.)积极的，主动的17. activity (n)活动(outdoor activities户外活动I take an active part in all kinds of activities including tennis, swimming and running.我积极参加诸如网球游泳跑步等各种各样的活动。18. add (v)添加;增加，加Add 5 to 3 and you have 8. 3加5等于8.If the tea is too strong, add some more water.如果茶太浓，加些水吧。19. address（n）住址,地址Whats your home address? 补充词义：演说,致词The headmaster gave an address to the school before the prizes were given away.在发奖之前校长向全校发表了讲话20. advantage (n)优点，优势，好处，disadvantage 缺点，劣势Whats the advantage of using wind power?使用风能有何好处？21. advertisement (n)广告Advertisement helps to sell goods.* advertise(v) 为做广告22. advise (v)建议，劝告23. advice (n) 劝告,忠告I want your advice, sir. Follow/take advice 遵守建议24. afford （v）负担得起(费用)，抽得出(时间),，提供 (常与can,could,be able to连用)买得起;有足够的.(去做.)We cant afford to pay such a price. I cannot afford a car.我没有充足的钱买汽车。25. afraid (a.)害怕的，担心be afraid of + 令人害怕或具有危险地事物。be afraid to do sthbe afraid that 句子26 Africa 非洲 African 非洲的，非洲人26. after (ad, prep, conj)之后，后来；在以后After sth/doing sth/句子27. afternoon（n）I always have a rest/break in the afternoon.我下午总要休息一会。（afternoon与this, that, yesterday, tomorrow, every等限定词连用时，其前不用介词）28. again (ad.)再，再次，又，重新He sang the song again.again and again 再三地，反复不断地29. against （prep）反对;违反; 逆;对着；倚;靠the fight against the A flu 抗甲流斗争Were playing against Hongxing Middle School next week. 下周我们要和红星中学比赛。Against the house there stands a tree.一棵树对着这房子立着。This is against the law.这是违法的。Put the piano there, against the wall.30. age (n)年龄， 时代，(人生的)某一时期the age of the computer计算机时代Whats the age of that old building? I used to play tennis there when I was your age. He left school at the age of 18.31. ago (ad.)以前she died two years ago.她死在两年以前.比较：He had written a novel two years before. He wrote a novel two years ago.(ago指从现在算起若干时间以前，动词用过去式；before指从过去算起的某个时间以前，动词用过去完成时)32. agree (v)同意，赞同I can not agree with you on this point.He agreed to show me around the factory. 33. agreement (n)同意,一致; 协定,协议My parents are in agreement on what color to paint the house. 我父母亲对于用什么颜色漆房子意见一致。The three sides reached an agreement to stop the war. 三方达成协议停止战争。34. air(n) 空气;大气，天空We cant live without air.35. airline (n)(飞机的)航线 航空公司 航空系统I often travel by Northwest Airlines. 我常坐西北航空公司的飞机旅行。36. airplane(n)飞机An airplane started for Canton yesterday.昨天一架飞机飞往广州。37. airport(n)飞机场，航空站They landed at a small airport. 他们在一座小型的机场降落。38. alive(a.) (常做表语或补语偶尔做后置定语)活着的;现存的;They were caught alive.他们被活捉了。I dont know whether hes alive or dead.我不知道他是死是活。Is your mother still alive?你妈妈还健在吗?39. all (a. pron)所有的，全部的Not all people are happy.-Thanks very much for your help.-Not at all. It was a pleasure.【经典试题】Im interested in _ you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which40. allow (v) 允许,准许Swimming is not allowed at this beach. 这片海滩禁止游泳。 She allowed us to smoke. 她允许我们抽烟。He is not allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外呆到很晚。We do not allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内抽烟。41. almost (ad)几乎，差不多He spent almost 1,000 dollars a month.42. alone (a.) 单独的,独自的She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时,她便看电视单独地(adv)For years Mary lived alone in New York. 玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。43. along (ad. prep)向前, 和一起,一同; 沿着He sang loudly as he walked along. 他边向前走边大声唱着歌。Come along with us. 跟我们一道去吧。I was driving my car along a path.我沿着一条小路开车。* aloud (ad.) 出声地, 高声地44. already (ad.)已经;先前I have had lunch already. 我已用过午餐了。(用语疑问句表示惊讶，惊奇，怀疑)Is it 10 oclock already? 都10点了？（2010安徽中考题）- Whats the date today?今天几号了？-Its June 16. 六月十六-Already? Then its Dragon Boat Festival today, isnt it?是吗？那么今天是端午节了，对吗45. also (ad.) 也,亦;还; 同样地John is also 19 years old约翰也是十九岁。Since youve accepted the invitation, Ill also accept it. 既然你已接受邀请,那我也接受邀请。He not only plays well, but also writes music.46. although (conj.) 虽然;尽管 Although he was ill, he worked hard. 47. always(ad)总是,经常；永远,一直；(动词用进行时)老是,一再；(与can/could连用)随时They always make fun of Mr. Smith. Shes always disturbing me.她老是骚扰我。That phones always ringing.那电话老是响个不停。（2008安徽中考试题）-English is_ too difficult for me. I cant learn it well.-Dont give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldom B. never C. always D. usually48. America (n) 美国 美洲America was discovered by Columbus in 1492.49. American(a. n)美国的；美国人The American students get on well with us.I saw many Americans in Summer Palace yesterday.50. among (prep)（区别于between, in the middle of）在.之中;在(三个以上).中间Tom has always been popular among his classmates. 汤姆在同学中一直很受欢迎。例题：He is talking A the students of Class 2 on the playground. A. among B. in the middle ofHe is playing soccer B the playground. A. among B. in the middle of51. ancient(a.)古代的; 古老的;古旧的,旧的。* ancestor (n) 祖宗，祖先52. and (conj) 和，与，及（表示并列）This place is nice and warm.此处温暖而舒适。表示时间，动作，状态的延续，重复。We waited for hours and hours. 我们等了不知多少小时。She is getting better and better.她的身体在逐渐变好。为了（在口语中用于come,go,try之后，相当于动词不定式的符号to） go and buy one去买一个。 Wait and see 等着瞧吧。(2009安徽中考试题第32题）Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _at last she succeeded.A. so B. or C. but D. and53. angry (a.)生气，发怒的He was angry with his younger brother.She was angry at what her husband said. 54. animal (n)动物，残暴的人What an animal he is! 他是一个非常残暴的人。55. another (a. pron )别的，不同的；再(另, 又)一个He drank another glass of beer. 他又喝了一杯啤酒Thats another matter. 那是另外一回事。I dont like this one, please show me another. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay another $30.如果你要订双程票，你的再付30美元。Lets do it another time.我们下次再办这事吧。56. answer (n. v)回答;答复 接(电话); 应(门) Ann asked many questions and I did my best to answer them. 安妮问了许多问题,我尽可能地回答。Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?回答;答复; 复信 反应 (n)Im waiting for an answer to my letter. 我正在等候回信。He said good night to her but she gave no answer. 他向她道晚安,而她却毫无反应。57. ant (n) 蚂蚁to work like an ant勤奋工作58. any (pron. a .)(无论)哪一个(些); 任何的;一些(否,疑,if从句)He wanted a job, any sort of a job. 他需要一个工作,任何工作都行。If there is any trouble, do let me know. 如遇到麻烦,务必告诉我。 I dont have any money to spare. 我的钱都用光了。 Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗?(修饰比较级：稍稍= a little)Do you feel any better today?今天感觉稍好点吗？【经典试题】He is taller than _ girl in his class. A. anyB. otherC. any otherD. another 59. anybody(pron)无论谁,任何人,60. anyone=anybody (pron)任何人61. anything (pron)(用于疑,否或if从句时)什么东西, 任何东西Do you have anything to say? 你有什么话要说吗?Is there anything wrong with your clock?(用于肯定句时)无论什么东西,无论什么事情My dog will eat almost anything. 我的狗几乎什么东西62. anyway (ad.)不管怎样；反正；即使如此 It may rain, but we shall go anyway. 也许会下雨,可我们无论如何要去。Thank you all the same = Thank you anyway63. anywhere (ad.)(用于疑问句或if从句时)在任何地方,往任何地方Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天夜里有没有到什么地方去?(用于否定句时)什么地方(也)You cant get it anywhere. 这东西你什么地方也买不到的。(用于肯定句时)随便什么地方Sit anywhere. 随便坐。64. appear (v)出现;显露，演出;陈列;露面Gradually a smile appeared on her face. 她脸上渐渐地露出笑容。似乎,看来好像=seemIt appears they are right. 看来他们是对的。 He appeared to be talking to himself. 他似乎在自言自语。65. apple (n)苹果An apple a day keeps the doctor away.成语：She is the apple of her fathers eye.她是她父亲的掌上明珠。66. April (n)4月April Fools Day 愚人节67. area (n)面积,地区,领域,范围This room is 150 square feet in area.这房间面积为150平方英尺。His major area of study is chemistry.他的主要研究领域是化学。68. arm (n)臂, 胳膊; 支架She is holding a baby in her arms.她正抱着孩子。There must be something wrong with my left arm.* armchair (n) 扶手椅69. army (n)军队, 大群;大批There they formed an army of about two thousand men.他们在那里组建了一支两千人的军队。John is in the army. 约翰服务于陆军。An army of workmen was brought in to build the stadium.一大群工人被召来建筑运动场。70. around (prep. ad .)围绕,环绕 在.四处 在.附近 大约,将近(prep)They sat around the table. 他们围桌而坐。Ann travelled around Europe for a few months. 安妮在欧洲各地旅游了数月。He went to the United States around 1987. 他大约是在一九八七年去美国的。Ill be back at around 5 oclock. 到处,四处周围,附近大约环绕;循环地(ad .)Just drive me around. 开车带我四处走走就行了。The windmill kept turning around.风车不停地转动着。The journey will take around ten days. 这次旅行大约要用十天时间。71. arrive (v)到达;到来(+ in / at); 达到;达成They arrived in London last Monday.他们上周一抵达伦敦。What decision did you finally arrive at? 你们最后做了什么决定?Finally we arrived at an agreement.最后我们达成一项协议。l arrival (n) 到达，达到His arrival brought complete silence to the room. 他的到来使房间里鸦雀无声。72. art (n)艺术,美术, 技艺* artist (n) 艺术家73. article (n)文章; 东西, 物品; 冠词74. as (ad. conj. prep)像一样;如同;因为;作为,当作，按照，当时His face is as black as coal.他的脸象煤一样黑。Run as I do.象我这样跑。She sang as she worked.她一边工作,一边唱歌。She stayed at home as she had no car.她因为没有车,所以呆在家里。We talked about such subjects as the weather.我们谈论了诸如天气之类的话题。As a student, I should try my best to study well.My uncle used to work as a doctor.我叔叔过去做医生。Treat others as you wish them to treat you.要象你希望别人对待你那样对待别人。75. Asia (n)亚洲76. Asian (a.，n)亚洲(人)的；亚洲人77. ask (v) 询问,请求,要,讨价,邀请 .He asked me how to open the box78. asleep (a.)睡着的，熟睡He seems to be fast asleep. 他好像睡得很快(be asleep指睡着的状态，可以接表示延续性时间的状语;而fall asleep指的是一时的动作)79. at (prep)在.点钟；在某处He gets up at six oclock in the morning.They were already waiting at the gate when I got there. 当我到达那里时,他们已等候在门口了。 介词搭配:Dont shout at me. 别对我叫喊。 she is good at describing things or expressing ideas.她善于描述事物或表达思想。I woke at the sound of the bell. 随着铃响,我醒了。 以(某种价格、速度等)They sold the cloth at a dollar a yard. 他们以每码一元的价格出售这种布。The ship was going at full speed when it hit the rock.该船正在全速行驶时触礁。80. Atlantic大西洋81. attention(n)注意;注意力;专心Dont pay attention to what they say.别在意他们所说的。An article in the newspaper caught my attention. 报纸上一篇文章引起了我的关注。Attention, please。请注意！* attend 出席，入席82. August (n)八月83. aunt (n) 伯母;婶母;姑母;姨母;舅母84. Australia(n)澳洲，澳大利亚85. Australian(a. n)澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人86. autumn (n) 秋季,秋天 成熟期;渐衰期;American people use the word “fall” to mean autumn. 美国人用fall这个字来表示秋天。He is in the autumn of his life.他正处中年。87. available (a.)可用的,空闲的The swimming pool is available only in summer. 这个游泳池只在夏天开放。I am available,lets go shopping.可得到的,可买到的（后置定语）Is there water available around here? 附近弄得到水吗?This was the only room available.这是唯一可用的房间。-Hello! Golden Sun Hotel. Can I help you?-Do you have a room _ for this weekend?A. available B. useful C. empty D. possible88. avoid (v)避开,躲开 避免I avoided him as much as possible. 我尽量避开他。They all avoided mentioning that name. 他们都避免提及那名字。She avoided answering my question.她避而不答我的问题。Try to avoid accidents尽量避免事故。派生词：avoidable可以避免的89. awake(v)唤醒，醒来：(adj)醒着的，清醒的I awoke from a deep sleep.我从沉睡中醒来。Her voice awoke the sleeping baby.她的声音惊醒了睡着的孩子。补：He was very tired, but he tried to keep him awake.他很累但他强迫自己保持清醒。90. away (ad.) 离开He hasnt been away from home before. 以前他从没有离开过家。Lets keep away from drugs.让我们远离毒品！(用在名词后)隔开.远;尚有.时间The hotel is only two miles away旅馆离开这里只有两英里。Christmas is still months away.离圣诞节还有几个月。词组：die away渐渐消失；right away立刻 马上【经典试题】My father_on business for 2 weeks. Hell return in 3 days.A. left B. has left C. has gone D. has been away * awful 极差的，糟糕的B91. baby(n)婴儿; 家中年龄最小的She has a five-month-old baby她有一个五个月的婴儿Which of you is the baby of the family? 你们当中谁是家中年龄最小的人?92. back(ad. n) 回(原处);向后;后面的;背后,背Someone patted me on the back. 有人在我背上轻轻地拍了一下。Grandpa and grandma sat in the back of the car. 爷爷和奶奶坐在汽车后排的座位上。Joan and I walked back to the college.我和琼步行回到学校。Please go back three steps. 请退后三步。93. background(n) 背景; 出身背景Her dress had pink flowers on a white background.她的衣服是白底粉红色花。He is a man of high culture background.他是位受过高等教育的人。94. bad (a.)(worse, worst)坏的,恶劣的; 有害的,不利的;The weather was really bad. 天气真糟。I felt bad all day. 我整天觉得不舒服。Reading in bed is bad for the eyes.躺在床上看书有损视力Shes got a bad headache. 她头痛得厉害。The meat has gone bad. 这肉已坏了。They arrived at a bad time.他们来得不是时候。badly 坏，拙劣，不利地Dont speak badly of others.别说人家坏话He does badly in English.他英语学得不好95. bag (n) 袋;提袋96. ball(n)球;球状体；舞会The ladies were all dressed beautifully at the ball. 舞会上女士们全都穿得很漂亮。l ballpoint=ballpoint pen圆珠笔l a birthday ball生日舞会97. balloon(n)气球99. bamboo(n)竹子 Bamboos are widely grown in southern parts of China. 竹子在中国南部种植很广。 99. banana (n)香焦100. bank(n) (河、海、湖的)堤；银行6101. baseball(n)棒球102. basic(a.)基本的，基础的,初步的。These points are basic, without them,the plan can not work.这几点是根本的，没有它们，这份计划就行不通。103. basket(n)篮子she bought a basket of peaches.她买了一篮桃子104. basketball (n) 篮球105. bathroom(n)洗澡间*bath（n）(洗澡): He takes a bath every morning.他每天早晨都洗澡。* bathe(v)洗澡，游泳Dont bathe too soon after eating.刚吃完饭不要马上去洗澡106. be (is , am , are, was, were, being , been)-Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?-Yes. I _ there for three days with my parents last monthA. have gone B. have been C. went D. was-Kates never late for school, _?A. isnt she B. is she C. has she D.hasnt she107. beach (n)海滩 *bean 豆子108. bear(n) 熊 （v）忍受，承担【补充】粗鲁的人Shes nice but her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.她人不错，可是她丈夫粗鲁，没有人喜欢他109. beat (n, v)敲打; 跳动; 打赢; (音乐)节拍He beat his brother for lying. 他因为他的兄弟说谎而揍他His heart was still beating.他的心脏还在跳。I think Jack can beat all the runners in the country. 我认为杰克可以胜过这个国家的所有赛跑选手。-What do you think of the football match yesterday?-Well. Its surprising. The strongest team of our school was beaten名词：（音乐）节拍Every member of the band must follow the beat very closely.乐队的每一个成员都必须紧跟节拍。110. beautiful（a,）美丽的,漂亮的，出色的,111. because(conj)因为补：because of因为，由于The plane was late because of the bad weather.飞机因恶劣天气晚点了.-Did you call Sara back?-I didnt need to, _ well have a meeting together tonight.A. though B. unless C. because D. if112. become (became, become) 变成,成为；适合;It seems that he has become very fond of the boy. 似乎他变得十分喜爱这男孩。This color becomes you. 这颜色适合你。113. bed(n) 床; 睡觉; (河)床;(海、湖的)底;底部; Its time for bed now.现在到睡觉时间了.The bed of the river has been polluted.这条河的河床受到了污染.【补充】go to bed就寝, make the bed铺床 bedtime就寝时间 114. bedroom (n) 卧室115. bee (n) 蜜蜂116. beef(n) 牛肉117. before(prep, ad. conj)在以前(前面);以前;在之前Only two days remained before the examination. 考前只剩下两天了。 Your name comes before mine. 你的名字在我之前。 Pride comes before a fall. 骄必败。 He was never late before. 过去他从不迟到。 Have you two met before? 你们两人以前见过面吗? Check it carefully before you hand it in. 交来之前仔细核对一下。118. begin (v) (began, begun)开始，着手。After running half a kilometre, I began to feel tired.- Im thinking of a country in Asia.-What does it begin with?(=What is the first letter?)l beginning (n) 开始, 开端at the beginning of.119. behaviour = behavior (n) 行为,举止good / bad behaviour良好/恶劣行为social behaviour社会行为l behave (v) 守规矩，行为120. behind (prep) 在.的背后;在.的后面；支持There is a garden behind the house. 屋后有个花园。George always falls behind his schedule. 乔治老是不能按时完成计划。She knew that, whatever she decided, her family was right behind her. 她知道，无论她作出什么决定，她的家人都支持她。121. believe(v) 相信 -Does he still work there? -I believe so / not. 我想是/不是Believe it or not, he asked me to marry him。信不信由你，他向我求婚。*【派生词】believeable可信任的* belief (n) 信条，信念122. bell (n) 钟,铃,钟声，钟形物123. below (prep)(指位置，数量，程度)在.下面;在以下Her skirt came below her knees. 她的裙长过膝。 The cost of the whole work was below two thousand dollars. 办理此事的全部费用在两千元以下。The temperatures remained below freezing all day.气温一整天都保持在冰点以下。124. beside (prep) 在.近旁;在旁边; He sat down beside Emma. 他在艾玛身旁坐下。125. besides(prep,ad)在.之外,除.之外；此外,而且,加之Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time. 除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。Besides, I want you to promise me one thing. 此外,我要你答应我一件事。126. between (prep)(指时间、空间、顺序等)在.之间【2008安徽中考试题】-What do you often do _ classes to relax yourself?-Listen to music.A. over B. among C. between D. through127. beyond (prep)在(到)较远的一边;超过The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.练习超出了大多数学生的能力。Its beyond me why she married him. 我无法理解她为什么