直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。Mr. Black said,“Im busy.”Mr. Black saidthat he was busy.2、 直接引语陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1、人称的变化He said , “Ilikeitvery much.”He saidthathelikeditvery much. (I改为he, it不变)He said, “Youtoldmethis story.”He said thatIhad toldhimthat story.(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)He said to me, “Shesleftherbook inyourroom”.He told me thatshe hadleftherbook inmyroom. （Shesshe had， her不变，yourmy）直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。2、时态的变化（1）主句的谓语动词是一般时和过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)一般将来时过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时He said, “I usuallywatchTV on Sunday.”He said that he usuallywatchedTV on Sunday.He said, “Im usingthe knife.”He said that hewas usingthe knife.She said, “Ihave not heardfrom him since May.”She said that shehad notheard from him since May. He said，“Icameto help you.”He said thathe had cometo help me.He said, “Ihad finishedmy homework before supper.”He said that hehad finishedhis homework before supper.Zhou Lan said, “Ill doit after class.”Zhou Lan said that shewould doit after class.He said,“Ishall be doingmy homework then.”He said that heshould be doinghis homework then.He said, “Weshall have finishedthe work by that time.”He said that theyshould have finishedthe work by that time.注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said, “The earthisround. ”The teacher said that the earthisround.He said, “Iwasborn in Shangdong in 1965.”He said that hewasborn in Shangdong in 1965. （2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, “Ifinishedthe work.He says that hefinishedthe work. He will say, “Ihave wateredthe flowers.”He will say hehas wateredthe flowers. 3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表：He said, “I met Mr. Smiththismorning.”He said that he had met Mr. Smiththatmorning. He said, “We went to the cinemayesterday.” He said they had gone to the cinemathe day before. Lily said, “I will come backnext month.” Lily said that she would go backthe next month. He said, “It is nine oclocknow.”He said that it was nine oclockthen.He said, “I havent seen hertoday.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.She said, “I went thereyesterday.”She said that she had gone therethe day before.She said, “Ill go theretomorrow.”She said that she would go therethe next day.巧记:去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。巧记：if(或whether)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。1、直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。Shesaid, “Isyourfather an engineer?”Sheaskedmewhethermyfatherwasan engineer.The teachersaidto Li Ming, “Haveyoufinished your homework?”The teacheraskedLi Mingwhetherhehadfinished his homework.2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。“What do you doevery Sunday morning?”my friendsaid to me.My friendaskedmewhat I didevery Sunday morning. “Where have you been, Li Ming?”the teacherasked. The teacheraskedLi Mingwhere he had been. I asked her, “How many English books will youread next term?” I asked herhow many English books she would readthe next term.“When did youget up this morning?”asked my father.My father asked mewhen I hadgot up that morning. 注意： 直接引语里是：Whats wrong with?/Whats the matter? /Whats the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。He said to her“Whats the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？”He asked herwhat was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。四、直接引语是祈使句巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask，order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。Hesaid,“Sit down, please.” Heasked me to sit down. The teachersaid,“Dont talkin class! ” The teachertold us not to talkin class!The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”The captainordered his men to fire. 五、点击考点I.改错：1.He said that he is going to London.2.Tom said they had finished the job yesterday.3.She asked me dont smoke in the room.4.They asked that he was there.5.I asked you where was he going.6.The teacher told us not talk any more.7.The doctor said to his wife,Not wait for me.8.He asked me who I am.9.Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.10.Mother asked what the matter was.II.将下列句子改为间接引语1. “Where will you go tomorrow?”, Mother asked me.2.The old woman said to me, “Please lock the door for me.”3.The boy told his teacher, “We went to an exhibition yesterday.”4.He said, “Ill go to the station to see off a friend of mine this afternoon.”5. “Hello,how are you?”, he said to me.6.Tom said to me angrily, “Why dont you tell me you have been here for two weeks?”7.John said to Mary,“Do you remember I borrowed a diamond necklace from you?”8.The teacher said to Li Ming,“Dont make the same mistake again.”9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”, I asked her.10.The nurse said to the children, “The sun rises in the east.”参考答案:I. 1.iswas 2.yesterdaythe day before3.dontnot to 4.thatif 5.was hehe was6.not 后面加to 7.NotDont 8.amwas 9.tomorrowthe next day10.was the matterII. 1.Mother asked me where I would go the next day.2.The old woman asked me to lock the door for her.3.The boy told his teacher that they had gone to an exhibition the day before.4.He said that he would go to the station to see off a friend of his that afternoon.5.He asked me how I was.6.Tom asked me angrily why I didnt tell him I ha