英美文化部分测试题(1)

Section of Britain1. Great Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south.2. Britain once ruled an empire, called the British Empire that had one fourth of the worlds people and land area. 3. The north and west of Great Britain are mainly highlands.4. England is the largest and most populous of the three countries of Great Britain.5. Wales is in the west of Great Britain.6. The Capital of Wales is Cardiff7. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh 8. Britain has a favorable maritime climate.9. The prevailing winds in Britain are south-west winds which are also known as Westerlies 10.The average rainfall in Britain is over 1000 mm.11. Britain has a population of about 57 million.12. About 90% of the British is urban and only 10% is rural13. The English are Anglo- Saxons by origin.14. The Scots, Welsh and Irish people are Celts who came to Britain after 700 BC.15. It was the Germanic conquerors that gave England its name Angles land.16. Britain was under the Roman occupation for 400 nearly years.17. Jutes, Angles and Saxons from north Europe started to invade England in the mid-5th century.18. The foundation of the English state was laid by the Anglo-Saxons who divided the country into shires which are now called counties 19. One of the greatest English kings was Alfred the Great who resisted the invasion of the Danes in the 9th century.20. The feudal system in England was completely established under the rule of William the Conqueror 21. The English common law was established in Henry II s reign and it replaced the various local customs for making judgments.22.In Henry II s day the jury system replaced the Norman trials by battle.23. The Great Charter of 1215 is also known as Magna Carta24.The first English Parliament was held in 1265. In addition to the nobles, it included two knights firm each county and two citizens from each town.25. One of the results of the Black Death (1348 -49) was that it reduced Englands population from four million to 2 million.26.In England the person who is in charge of local peace and order is called the _ Justice of the Peace 27. In English history John Wyclifs followers who preached the equality of men before God were called the Lollards 28.The wars between the House bf Lancaster and the House of York from 1455 to 1485 were called Wars of the Roses29 The English Reformation was started by Henry VIII which was to reform the church in England.30. The head of the Church of England is the king 31. England showed its superiority as a naval power by destroying the Spanish Armada in time.32.In European history, the transitional period between the Middle Ages and modern times, covering the years C1350C1650, has been known as the Renaissance 33.The English Renaissance achieved its finest expression in the so-called Elizabethan drama 34. The English Puritans called for a purer form of worship35.The most famous of the Catholic conspiracies against James I was the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.36. The first group of 201 English Puritans who sailed to America in the ship Mayflower were later called Pilgrim Fathers 37. Both James I and his son Charles I believed in the Divine Right of kings which gave the king absolute power.38.The Fifth Parliament called by Charles I was also known as Long Parliament because it existed for about 20 years during the English Civil Wars.39.The battles between Charles I and the Parliament from 1642 to 1646 were called the First Civil War in English history.40. The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution:41. The English Civil War is regarded as the beginning of modern world history.42. After Charles I was put to death, the Rump Parliament declared England a Commonwealth with Cromwell as Lord Protector43. The name Great Britain came into being when the Act of Union united England and Scotland in 170744. The Glorious Revolution marked the beginning of English political parties.45. The first two political parties in Britain were the Whigs and Tories46.Britain was the first country to industrialize in the 18th and 19th centuries.47. The enclosure in England in the 18th and 19th centuries was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands.48. As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain became “the workshop of the world” by 1830.49. In the English workers movement, those who attempted to destroy the hated machines were called Luddites 50.In 1836,a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the Working Mens Association to demand equal rights.51. Demands of the Chartist Movement were included in a document known as the Peoples Charter 52. The Treaty of Nanjing gave Hong Kong to Britain in 1842.53.In 1911, the English Parliament passed an act which made the Commons the supreme legislative body.54. During the First World War, Britain joined the Allies 55. The 1920s were called the Roaring Twenties in Britain.56. Britain entered the Great Depression by 1931.57. The 1960s were called the Swinging Sixties in Britain58.The Beatles caused a pop music revolution in Britain.59.Margaret Thatcher carried out a policy of Privatization in Britain in the 1980s.60. After the Second World War, the English economic policy was based on the theory of Keynes 61.Mrs. Thatcher tried to cure the British disease by applying policies based on monetarism.62.The development of coal fields led to the Industrial Revolution in Britain63.Today British coal mining is called a sick industry because the output is dropping.64.Most of Britains microchip output is produced in Scotland 65.The high-tech industrial area in Scotland is called Silicon Glen 66.In Britain wheat and barley are two very important crops.67.Britain is the 5th largest trading nation in the world.68. In terms of invisible receipts, Britain is the second largest exporter.69 The head of state of the United kingdom is the King ( Queen)70. The House of Commons is elected by all adults 71. The British government departments are staffed by members of the Civil Service72. Britain is regarded as a welfare state73. The birthday of the British Monarch is a National Day in Britain. National celebrations are held in June.74. Fee-paying schools in Britain are known as independent schools which include preparatory schools.75. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a publicschool.76. National newspapers in Britain can be divided into three kinds: quality, popular, and mid-market 77. The principal news agencies in Britain are Reuters and Press Association78.In the early 1960s a new pop-culture was started by four Liverpool boys who called themselves Beatles IIFill in the following blanks:1. The official full name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of GreatBritain andNorthern Ireland 2. The British Isles are mainly made up of Great Britain and Ireland 3. Great Britain is traditionally divided into three countries. They are England, Scotland, Wales4. There are three natural zones in Scotland: Northern Highlands, Centrallowlands,Southern Uplands 5. The highest mountain in Britain (1, 343m) is Ben Nevis 6. London is situated on the Thames River.7. The Cockneys are from the East End of London and they pronounce the vowel ei as ai 8. British recorded history begins with Roman, Julius Caesar invasion in 55 BC which was led by the great Roman general Julius Caesar 9. England was once divided into seven kingdoms in the second half of the 6th century. They have been given the name of Heptarchy 10.In 1066, England was conquered by the Norman who were led by William the Conqueror 11.The well-known book the Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer12.In English history, the Hundred Years War was the War between England and France13.The English Peasant Uprising of 1381 was led by Wat Tyler 14.The Reformation in England led to the establishment of the English state church known as the Church of England 15.The Renaissance in England began with the accession of the House of Tudor to the throne in 1485.16.Printing was introduced into England by William Carton in the 15th century.17.The greatest writer in the English language is Shakespeare 18. In 1766 the English spinner Hargreaves invented a spinning machine and named it Jenny19. The East India Company was set up in 1600 to invade India.20. The British Empire was said to be so large that “on which the sun never set”.21. Churchill served as the English Prime Minister during most time of the Second World War.22. In Britain only 3 % of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.23. The English Parliament consists of the Monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons 24.Each English Parliament has a maximum duration of five years.25.The English House of Lords is made up of two kinds of lords: Lords Spiritual, and the Lords Temporal26. In Britain the general election must be held every five years to elect Members of Parliament 27.The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.28.By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign.29.The British Government is also called Her Majestys Government 30.The British Prime Ministers official residence is NO. 10 Dawning street in London.31.The English local government is made up of two tiers. They are counties and districts 32. The sources of English law includes: (1) statutes, (2) common law, (3) equity law and (4) European community law33.In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the jury, while sentence is to be passed by the judge34. Less serious cases are tried by Magistrates courts in Britain.35.The most serious offences are tried by the Crown Court in England.36. There are two established churches in Britain. They are the Church of England and the Church of Scotland37. The important Christian festivals of the year in Britain are Christmas, Easter, Whit Sunday and Whit Sunday38.The English festival born of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 has been known as GuyFawkes Day.39.Education in Britain is compulsory for all between the ages of 5 and 1640. The two most famous universities in Britain are Cambridge and Oxford 41. The most important periodicals in Britain are the Economist, Spectator New Statesman and Society and Spectator42. The dominant broadcasting corporation in Britain as BBC (British Broadcasting Company) which is controlled by the state.43. The meat typically English of sports is Cricket which has been in existence since the 16th century. III. Explain the following terms in English:1. Constitutional monarchy18. Protestant work ethic2. The British Common Wealth19. pocket borough .3. Britons20.Moral Force Chartists4.Scots21.Physical Force Chartists5. Roman invasion22. The New Unionism6. Heptarchy23. The East India Company7. The Norman Conquest24.John M. Keynes8. Domesday Book25. British disease9. The Great Charter26. agribusiness10;TheHundredYearsWar27.Lloyds11. Tower of London28. the English Cabinet12. Stratford - on - Avon29. Magistrates wart13. “no bishop, no king” 30. The English National14. “The Divine Right of Kings” Health Service15. Long Parliament 31. Established Churches16. New Model Army 32. Public schools17. The Industrial RevolutionIV. Give a brief answer to the following questions:1. What does the City of London refer to?.2. Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?3. Who was Alfred the Great?4. What is the English Common Law?5. What was Magna Carta?6. What was the influence of the English Civil War?7. Who were the Non-conformists?8. What was meant by the permissive age in Britain?9. What are the main functions of the English Parliament?10. What are “either way” offences in Britain?11. What are summary offences in Britain?12. Why Britain is regarded as a welfare state?V. Write between 100-150 words on one of the following topics1-English Feudal System2. English Legal system3. Enclosure in English History4. General Election in Britain5. Renaissance6. Great Charter7. Glorious RevolutionSection of IrelandI. Multiple choice1.Which of the following is true about Ireland?A. Northern Ireland is a part of the Republic.B. The island is divided into two political units.C. The Republic of Ireland is a dominion of the UK.D. Northern Ireland is a dominion of the UK.2. The population losses in Irish history were NOT due to _. A. the Great Famine in 1845. B. low birth rateC. emigration of long time D. Anglo-Saxon invasion3. Which of the following is NOT true about the religion in Ireland?A. The Anglican Church of Ireland is the national church in Ireland.B. Ireland is one of the most Catholic countries of Europe.C. Ireland was a center of evangelization of other countries.D. The religious differences are the source of the conflict between England and Ireland.4. The Irish Republican ArmyA. played a very important role in the establishment of the Irish Free State and disappeared since.B. are ultranationalists, still demanding that the Republic of Ireland should he united with the six counties that form Northern Ireland.C. is a terrorist organization against its government for democracy and freedom.D. is the official armed force of the Republic of Ireland.5. In theory, the head of state in Ireland is the _ , but in practice, the_ enjoys much more power.A. president/prime ministerB. General- Governor/the prime ministerC. prime minister/presidentD. General-Governor/president6. Which of the following is NOT true about the economy of Ireland? A. Unemployment is a chronic problem in Ireland.B. The bogs are a valuable energy source.C. Agriculture is a major sector of Irish economy.D. Ireland is one of the well-developed countries in the EC7. The Constitution of Ireland is _.A. applicable only to Northern IrelandB. only theoretically applicable in Northern IrelandC. actually applicable to the whole IrelandD. applicable only to the Republic of Ireland8. The chief language of instruction in Irish schools is _.A. Irish B. Gaelic C. Celtic D. EnglishII. Fill in the following blanks:1. The Capital of the Republic of Ireland is _.2. The largest river in Ireland, _ River, plays a very important role in Irish economy and _ are the most significant feature of Irish landscape.3. The basic ethnic stock in Ireland is _ and there are two official languages in Ireland: _ and _.4. The Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921 established an _ with _ status, which declared itself a republic in _.5. In the Republic of Ireland, the governments responsibility to the Dail is _.6. James Joyce introduced the _ writing technique and his masterpiece is .III. Explain the following terms in English1. Protestantism2. streams of consciousnessIV. Answer briefly the following questions1. What do you know about IRA?2. What do you know about James Joyce?Section of AmericaI.Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers, A, B,C, and D are given. Choose the one you think host completes the statement or answers the question:I.The Appalachian mountains are in the _ part of the United States while the Rocky mountains are in the _ part of the country.A. north, southB. west, eastC. south, northeastD. east, west2.The _ River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.A. OhioB. MissouriC. ColoradoD. Rio Grande3.All the five Great Lakes are located between Canada and the United States except Lake_.A. HuronB. OntarioC. SuperiorD. Michigan4.New Englanders were originally known as _ , which gradually came to stand for all Americans.A. PuritansB. ChristiansC. YankeesB. Colonists5. The largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes is _A. DetroitB. BostonC. New YorkB. Chicago6.Alaska i still a frontier state with _ as its most valuable mineral product today.A. forestB. coalC. iron oreD. oil7.The United States is the _ most populous country in the world, with a population of _ million.A. fourth, 220B.third,255C. second, 280D.fifth,2108.The US population will increase sharply over the next 60 years as a result of_.A. economic development B. higher immigration levelsC. higher birth rate D. territorial expansion9. In American history, _ in the harbor of New York was an important immigration reception spot.A. Manhattan B. Port sumterC. Long IslandD. Ellis Island10. The _refers to the higher birth rate in America between 1946 and 1964.A. population growthB. baby boomC. Beat generationD. population explosion11. Immigrants who had to work for a fixed term for their masters to repay the cross-Atlantic fare and debts were called_ in American history.A. indentured servantsB. hired immigrantsC. immigrant slavesD. black slaves12. One of the characteristics of the American people is _ and it is said they are always _.A. liberty, debatingB. aggressiveness, starting warsC. greediness, making money D. mobility, on the move13. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities