初中六大时态专题讲解讲义及作业

六大时态六大时态 概念时间状语基本结构否定形式一般疑问句 一 般 现 在 时 经常、反复 发生的动作 或行为及现 在的某种状 况。 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week, month), once a week, on Mondays, 等 1.主语+系动词 be+表 语 2.主语+行为动词+其 它 主+am/is/are+not+表 现 在 进 行 时 表示现阶段 或说话时正 在进行的动 作或状态。 Look!listen ! now, at this time, at the moment these days, 等 am/ is/ are +doingam/ is/ are +not +doing 一 般 过 去 时 过去某个时 间里发生的 动作或状态； 过去 习惯 性、经常性 的动作、行 为。 ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, 等 1.was/were 2.行为动词过去式 1.was/were+ not 2. 在行为动词前加 do 在 其前加 didnt，同时还原 行为动词。 一 般 将 来 时 表示将要发 生的动作或 存在的状态 tomorrow, next., in + 时间段（多少 时间之后）,one day ,some day , at once , how soon 等 1. am /is /are going to do 2.will do 3.shall do 4.am/is/are doing 1.am /is /are not going to do 2.wont do (will not do) 3.shall not do 4.am/is/are not doing 1.把 be 放于句首。 2.把 will 提前 3.把 shall 提前 4.把 be 放于句首 过 去 进 行 时 表示在过去 某个具体的 时间点或时 间段发生的 动作或存在 的状态 When ,while ,at night last night ,from eight to ten last night at this time yesterday , at that time last . 等 Was/were doing Was not doing Were not doing 把 be 放于句首 现 在 完 成 时 表示过去发 生动作对现 在造成的影 响；表示过 去已经开始， 持续到现在 的动作或状 态，并可能 还要延续 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years Have/has doneHave/has not doneHave/has 放于句首 一般现在时一般现在时 【时间状语时间状语】 总经常有每没复星周 _ 动词原形到动词三单的变化动词原形到动词三单的变化 【动词变化规则动词变化规则】 1. 一般在动词结尾直接加 s e. g. swim - swims run - runs 2.以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加 es; 如果词尾已有 e, 直接加 s eg. guess - guesses watch - watches go - goes do - does 3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词, 变 y 为 i 后, 加 es e. g. study - studies try - tries fly - flies 随堂练习：随堂练习： （一）用动词适当形式填空： 1. My mother often tells me _ in beD. (not read) 2. It _ me two days to write the article. (花费) 3. Its cold outside, so youd better _ your coat. (穿上) 4.How （do） he usually （get） there? （二）句型转换： 1. We are in the same class. （改为一般疑问句） 2. She sometimes washes clothes on the weekend.(改为否定句和一般疑问句) 否定句： 一般疑问句： 3. I see him drinking some milk at home .(变否定句) 一般过去时一般过去时 【时间标志性词时间标志性词】 昨天上个*前，in+时间 when 字连 _ 【动词变化规则动词变化规则】 规则动词过去式的变化规律规则动词过去式的变化规律 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed， 如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 随堂练习随堂练习 1. Last night we _ back home until the teacher left school. (not go) 2. Do you remember _ the film last year? (see) 3. Im sorry youve missed the last bus. It _ ten minutes ago. (leave) 现在进行时现在进行时 时间标志：时间标志： 现在时刻看和听，最近在哪请安静！现在时刻看和听，最近在哪请安静！ _ 【动词变化规则动词变化规则】 1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去 e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有 1 个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ing sitting) 随堂练习随堂练习 1. _ come beef! (随便吃点) 2. I didnt remember _ her the book before. (give) 3. Cant you see Im busy _? (cook) 一般将来时一般将来时 结构：结构：(1) be going to do: am /is /are going to do (2) will do ( 3) shall do (4)be doing: am/is/are doing 时间标志词时间标志词 明天下个*后，in+时间 when 字连 _ tomorrow, next., in +时间段（多少时间之后）,one day ,some day , at once , how soon 等 区别：区别： （1） be going to 与与 will 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些， 如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来绝对发生的事情， will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 如：He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“打算，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思， 如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 注意：注意：There be 句型的 be going to 结构为：There is / are going to be. (注意句型中 going to 后面的 be 不能改为 have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。 练习：There _ a sports meeting in our school next week, A.will be going to be B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be (2) be doing am/is/are doing 用现在进行时来表示一般将来时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有准 备；打算的意思 Eg: We are having a class meeting this afternoon. 注意： come, go, arrive，leave,等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，它们很少与 be going to 结构连用。例如： Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。 We are going to Beijing next week (3) Shall do shall do 一般与第一人称（I、we)使用，常用于提建议的句型中：Shall I/we go to the park? 过去进行时过去进行时 标志词：标志词：1.when/while 2.at+ 点钟 +yesterday (last night / Sunday ) 3.at this/that time, 4.at this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week ), 5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while 等。 例如：I was making fruit salad at this time. They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday. when 和和 while 的用法区别的用法区别 when 既指时间点，也可指一段时间既指时间点，也可指一段时间。因此 when 在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词 while 只指一段时间。while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后生；说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后生； while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 when 引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。 While 后面一般用过去进行时。后面一般用过去进行时。 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while 引导，引导， a.When the teacher came in, we were talking.=While we were talking, the teacher came in. b.They were singing while we were dancing. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 （1） 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成完成。如： He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。 （不一定写完） He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。 （已经写完） 现在完成时现在完成时 1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。 Eg. Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？ 2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用 的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。 （Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for 用来说明动作延续时间长度） ， 提问用 How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 3、现在完成时需注意的问题： 1 表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用 appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close, come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop 等。 例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误） 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 2 不能和明确的过去时间状语连用不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago 等。 3.比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用与具体的过去时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now 等， 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。 常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下: come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -be borrow - keep put on - wear buy - have leave - be away (from) begin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleep end/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in the army, be a soldier join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member 如：吉姆买这支已有两年了 Jim bought this pen two years ago. Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen. 4. .在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, thr ough centuries; throughout history 等 5. 表示“第几次做某事， ”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 6. have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地” ，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。 have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了” ，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。 如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。 随堂练习随堂练习： 1 He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . Still 2 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 3 Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good C. has changed ; better . changed ; better 5 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 6 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 7 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 8 My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 根据所给提示填词 1. He _ back a month ago. (come) 2. Its a great shame for me _ in front of so many people. (laugh at) 3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only _ it for 24 hours. (保存) 4. Why have you kept me _ here for so long a time? (wait) 5. Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. (be) 6. She _ to the Great Wall several times. (goes) 7. In his letter, he said that he _ us very much. (miss) 8. The film _ for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be) 9. He said he became _ in physics. (interest) 10. This film is worth _. (see) 11. He went to school instead of _ home. (go) 12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a joB. (找) 13. There _ a physics test next Monday. (be) 14. He is hungry. Please give him something _. (eat) 15. Please dont waste time _ TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch) 16. We found the window _. (break) 17. You have dropped your pencil. _. (拾起来) 18. Mother often tells me _ too late. (not come home) 19. You had better _ by bus, or you will be late. (go) 20. I will _ Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him. (告诉) 作业： ( )1._friends you have, _you will be. A. more; happier B. more; more happy C. the more; the happier D. the more; the more happy ( )2._is not easy for children to understand this movie. A. This B. That C. It D .One ( )3.-Peter, i think we need to buy a new car. -Oh, no. we are _out of money, you know? A.trying B. going C. getting D. running ( )4._have you been swimming? -For five years. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far ( )5.Mum, my shoes are worn out. can you buy me a new_? A. one B. shoe C. pair D. shoes ( )6.-Oh, there isnt enough _for us in the lift. -No hurry. lets wait for the next. A. ground B. floor C. place D. room ( )7.The factory _for 5 years. A. has opened B. has been opened C. has been opening D. has been open ( )8.-You seem to like sweets. -_.Thats probably why im becoming fatter and fatter. A. So i do B. So do i C. So am i D. So i am ( )9.Swimming in the pool with friends _very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are ( )10.The medicine you bought me didnt_. A. give B. work C. do D. go ( )11.-What are you going to do this sunday? -I_ yet. A. havent decided B. wont decide C. am not decided D. didnt decide ( )12.-Would you mind closing the window? its so cold here. A. no, not at all B. i like it C. thank you D. yes, i do ( )13.-Will you please take a message for mike? -_. A. yes, the message is important B. thats very nice C. thanks for telling me D. ill be glad to ( )14._of the students in the class_ money to the disabled people these days. A. two third; have raised B. two thirds; has raised C. two three; have raised D. two thirds; have raised ( )15. It took the firemen two hours to _the fire. A. put out B. put up C. put on D. put away ( )16.-Its too hot here. would you mind _the door? -_.please. A. to pen; Ok B. opening; Of course C. opening; Certainly not D. to open; Good idea ( )17.Why_some light music? A. dont listen B. not listen to C. dont hear D. not hear ( )18.Dont worry, sir. i am sure i can run _to catch up with them. A. fast enough b.enough fast c.slowly enough d.enough slowly ( )19.Tomorrow is teachers day. _give our english teacher some flowers?