骑士和骑士文化英文介绍PPT课件.ppt

.,1,TheKnightandchivalry,.,2,WhoisKnight?,knight(/nat/)isapersongrantedanhonorarytitleofknighthoodbyamonarchorotherpoliticalleaderforservicetotheMonarchorcountry,especiallyinamilitarycapacity.Historically,inEurope,knighthoodhasbeenconferreduponmountedwarriors.,.,3,Howdidknightform?,ThefirstknightsappearedduringthereignofCharlemagneinthe8thcentury.AstheCarolingianAgeprogressed,theFranksweregenerallyontheattack,ThesemobilemountedwarriorsmadeCharlemagnesfar-flungconquestspossible,andtosecuretheirserviceherewardedthemwithgrantsoflandcalledbenefices.,.,4,knightsstatus,DuringtheHighMiddleAges,knighthoodwasconsideredaclassoflowernobility.Usuallyonlysonsofknightsorlordscanbecomeaknight,Insomecasescommonerscouldalsobeknightedasarewardforextraordinarymilitaryservice.ThepictureontherightshowschivalricranksduringtheMiddleAges.,.,5,Knightsappearance,.,6,Howtobeaknight?,Becomingaknightisthedreamofeveryboyinmiddleages,buttheprocessitextremelytough.Thepictureontherightshowsacommonceremonyofknightnomination（授名）.,.,7,Howtobeaknight?,Knighthoodwererequiredtomasterthe“sevenpointsofagilities”riding,swimminganddiving,shootingdifferenttypesofweapons,climbing,participationintournamentswrestling,fencing,longjumping,anddancingtheprerequisiteskillsforknighthood.Allofwhichweredoneevenwhilewearingarmor.,.,8,TheKnightsOath（宣誓）,Saidbyfeudallord（册封者）：Bewithoutfearinthefaceofyourenemies.BebraveanduprightthatGodmaysee.Speakthetruthevenifitleadstoyourdeath.SaveGodthehelpless.Thatisyouroath.Andthatsoyourememberit.Riseaknight!强敌当前，无畏不惧！果敢忠义，无愧上帝！耿正直言，宁死不诳！保护弱者，无怪天理！这是你的誓词，牢牢记住！册封为骑士！,.,9,Thedeclarationofknights,Iwillbekindtotheweak.Iwillbebraveandagainstthestrong.Iwillfighttheallwhodowrong.Iwillfightforthosewhocannotfight.Iwillhelpthosewhocallmeforhelp.Iwillharmnowoman.Iwillhelpmybrotherknight.Iwillbetruetomyfriends.Iwillbefaithfulinlove.,我发誓善待弱者我发誓勇敢地对抗强暴我发誓抗击一切错误我发誓为手无寸铁的人战斗我发誓帮助任何向我求助的人我发誓不伤害任何妇人我发誓帮助我的兄弟骑士我发誓真诚地对待我的朋友我发誓将对所爱至死不渝,.,10,decline,Bytheendofthe15thcentury,knightsbecameobsoleteascountriesstartedcreatingtheirownprofessionalarmiesthatwerequickertotrain,cheaperandeasiertomobilise.Theadvancementofhigh-poweredfirearmseradicatedtheuseofplatearmour,asthetimeittakestotrainsoldierswithgunsismuchlesscomparedtothatoftheknight,thecostofequipmentislower.,.,11,chivalry,Historically,theidealsofchivalry（骑士精神）werepopularizedinmedievalliterature,especiallytheMatterofBritainandMatterofFrance,SirThomasMalorysTheDeathofArthur,writtenin1485,wasimportantindefiningtheidealofchivalrywhichisessentialtothemodernconceptoftheknightasanelitewarriorsworntoupholdthevaluesoffaith,loyalty,courage,andhonor.,.,12,chivalry,DuringtheRenaissance,thegenreofchivalricromancebecamepopularinliterature,growingevermoreidealisticandeventuallygivingrisetoanewformofrealisminliteraturepopularisedbyMigueldeCervantesDon