初中形容词副词详细讲解及训练

一、形容词的用法：（一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。 （二）形容词的种类1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。 You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3.-ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如： 4. ed形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如： She looked tired. 5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的（三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作： 1）定语： What a fine day! 2）表语： She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）： Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？ 4）状语： He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。 2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？3 以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，仍为形容词。 改错：（错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。 The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。四形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。二、副词的用法：（一）概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如： not（不），here（这里），now（现在）。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如：Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？He will arrive before ten oclock. （介词，before ten oclock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。（二）副词的种类1、时间副词有三类：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词 1）表示发生时间的副词： Its beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！ 2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词: She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。 3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词： He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2、地点副词： 1）有不少表示地点的副词： She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。 2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词： 用作介词： Stand up! 起立！ 用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。 3）以where 构成的副词也是地点副词：Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。 3、方式副词1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）： How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪： She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况： He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。4、 程度副词和强调副词1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”： Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗？ 说明 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b):a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确 b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快2） much 是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以： 修饰比较级 You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。 5. 疑问副词和连接副词1）疑问副词： 疑问副词用来引导特殊问句： how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗？ where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？ when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来？ why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚？2）连接副词： 连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？where: I dont know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句） when: Tell me when youll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句） why: Thats why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）6. 一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词： Lets go inside. 咱们到里面去。 Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。副词的位置 1.多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：We are living happily.我们幸福的生活着。He runs slowly.他跑的很慢。2.时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning.昨天上午他们去公园了。I heard him sing English songs over there.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully.他小心地开着吉普。注意： 3.有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。4.频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如：He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this.你一定要记住这一点。 I often write to my parents. 我经常写信给父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot.你经常走路去上学？ He has never been to Beijing.他从来没有去过北京。注意：有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：Thats quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.我几乎错过了公交车。She did rather badly.她干得相当糟。4. 兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely close意思是近；closely 意思是仔细地。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 Watch him closely. 盯着他。 2） late 与lately late意思是晚；lately 意思是最近。例如： You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？ 3） deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。 4） high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如： The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。 5） wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方。例如： He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。 6） free与freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地。例如： You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。【基础练习】选择最佳答案 ( )1. These oranges taste_.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well( )2. Alice_goes to school at seven. A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little( )3. We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ? I have to do many things this evening . Im _ , you see . A. free B. glad C. sorry D. busy ( )4. Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.OK. Lets give him _to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something ( )5.The _person is talking with the doctor. A. ill B. sick C. illness D. sickness ( ) 6. The day is bright and _ . Lets go for a walk . A. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy ( ) 7. Look ! _ beautiful that lake is ! A. What B. How C. How a D. What a( ) 8. -I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow. - I wont, _. A. neither B. either C. too D. also ( ) 9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _. A. too B. either C. neither D. also ( ) 10.That maths problem is _ difficult _ nobody can work it out. A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but ( ) 11. Whats on the desk? Its _. A. a new green bag B. new green bag C. a green new bag D. a bag new green ( ) 12. The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly ( ) 13. He_ to school to clean his classroom. A. always comes early B. comes always early C. always early comes D. come always earlier ( ) 14. I got up_today. A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late3)形容词。副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法Good/well better bestBad/ill/badly worse worstMany/much more mostLittle less leastFar farther/further farthest/furthestOld older/elder oldest/eldest小练习：1. much _ 2 ill _3. little _ 4. bad _用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive)2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. She will be much _ (happy) in her new house.6. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. _ _ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)9. Hainan is _ _ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)10. There are _ _ boys than girls in our class. (few)2 比较级的表示法：主语+be+比较级+than 主语+谓语+比较级+than1) 不同主语的比较，双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用比较级十 than的结构表示He is two years younger than I.表示一方不及另一方时，用 less十原级十 than的结构表示This room is less beautiful than that one2) 同一主语不同方面的比较She is now happier than she has ever been用于修饰比较级的词：even, much, far, a lot, a bit，a little，He works even harder than before.3）在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如： The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood二，as, little, few, elder等在比较级中的用法。as 用于比较级1）。As +形容词或副词原级+asTom is as tall as Mike.2) as +形容词原形+A+名词+asHe is as good a student as you.3) 倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+asThis room is three times as large as that one.提到倍数用法，补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：1) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc) as B例如：Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)2) A is three(four，etc) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc) than B例如：Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数表示两倍可以用 twice或 double3.a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法1）the +比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓：越。越。The harder he works, the happier he feels.2)比较级+and+比较级：越来越。The weather is getting colder and colder.4. elder的用法1）不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级My sister is older( than me). My sister is elder(than me)2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。小练习： 1 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one. 2 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4 他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets. 5 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I. 6 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _ _ _ than that one. 7 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day. 8. 他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English. 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。1My brother is two years _ (old) than me.2. Is your sister _ (young) than you? Yes,she is.3. Who is _ (thin),you or Helen? Helen is.4. Whose pencil-box is _ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.5 Ben jumps _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 6 Does Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she does. 7My eyes are _(big) than hers. 8Which is _ (heavy),the elephant or the pig? 9Who gets up _ (early),Tim or Tom? 10 Do the girls get up_(early) than the boys? No,they_.11Jim runs _ (slow). But Ben runs _(slow).选择。（ ）1. The yellow shoes are than the blue ones.A.expensiveB. expensiverC.more expensive（ ）2. A cow is bigger than a mouse.A.much B.moreC.many（ ）3. Whos the ,Jean,Joan or Jennet?A.thinnerB.thinestC.thinnest（ ）4. Tim is than Jack.A.funnyB.much funnyC.funnier（ ）5. Im taller than others in my class.Im .A.tallB.tallestC.the tallest（ ）6. Who can sing better Rose?A.thanB.thenC./ （ ）7. I have books than you have.A.manyB.muchC.more（ ）8. His uncles house is very .A.old B.olderC.oldest（ ）9. My bike is ,but his bike is .A.new,newB.new,newerC.new,newest（ ）10. Please clean your room.Its now.A.cleanB.dirtyC.tidy【基础练习】( ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( )11. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( )13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything newD. new anything ( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich四、副词的比较等级：（一）概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面加more 或most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距离）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（2） 副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用： Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。 Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。 2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？4. asas和not soas结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一样”，后面的副词要用原级： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我应做的那么好。3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语： She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the:He laughs best who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。（4） 副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1）more and more 越来越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better 最好：Wed better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？训练题1.Your idea sounds much _ than his.A, interesting B, interested C, more interesting D, more interested2.In my opinion, Tim doesnt write Engl