初中英语常见常考易混词用法辨析

初中英语常见常考易混词用法辨析七年级1 besides , except, except for,but（1） besides包括后面所提及的人或物在内，“除、之外还（又）”。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.（2） except不包括后面所提及的人或物在内，“抛开、不谈”。 Twenty-five students went to the cinema except him.（3） except for不包括后面所提及的人或物在内的“除了”，后面跟的词与句子 的主语不属于同类。 Your article is very good except for some mistakes.（4） but常与every,any,all,none,no以及它们与thing ,body,where构成的复合词等 连用。有的已经成为了惯用语，如：all but“几乎，除、之外全部”，anything but “除、之外都”，nothing but“只不过是、”。 There is nothing but a cup on the table.练习：1） All the questions are easy _the last one.2） Do you think of nothing_watching football?3） His composition is good _for some mistakes.4） He has many relatives_his uncle living in Shanghai.5） Do you know any other language_English? 2 reach , arrive in/at , get to（1） reach +地点，“到达”。（2） arrive in+大地方，arrive at+小地方，“抵达、达到某地（尤指行程的终点）”。（3）get to+地点，“到达”。 （4）当arrive in/at和get to后面跟的是地点副词here,there,home等，则省略介词 in/at/to。（5）当只表明“到了”，而未表明地点时用arrive。 练习：1） My sister_school at 7a.m every day.2） Uncle Li _New York the day before yesterday.3） You can_the railway station by bus.4） My father_at 8:00 this morning by airplane.5） How did you_home yesterday afternoon?6） Do you how to_there ?7） I will tel you how to _here,so d not worry.3 at the end of , in the end , by the end of （1） at the end of 指某段时间的结束或某段路程的终止处，“在、结束时”， “在、尽头”。 Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last term. At the end of this street you will find a bookshop.（2） in the end 相当于at last ,finally，“最后， 终于”。 In the end they caught the thief.（3） by the end of 用于过去完成时或将来时，“到、末为止”。 By the end of last term we have learned five English songs. This question will have been answered by the end of today.练习：1） We will have an English exam _January.2） I am sure everything will turn out satisfactory_.3） _the meeting,everyone stood up to give the applause.4） _last month, I had planted thousands f trees.4 it , one, that （1） it 代替上文所提到的那个事物，一般指物，不指人。可以代替单数可数名 词或不可数名词。复数形式是they或them。 I have 50 yuan. My uncle gave it to me last week.（2） one 代替上文出现过的单数名词，以免重复。泛指代人或物。所指代的人 或物属于同类事物中不同的一个，即替代的是一个带有不定冠词的可数名 词的单数形式。复数形式是ones。 I have lost my old watch.This is a new one.（3） that 代替前面同类不同一的事物。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。 代替可数名词时，复数形式是those。that不可以替代表示人的名词，它可 以根据语义在后面加上一些定语，多数是of的短语；他的前面不能存在任 何定语。 The water in wells is cleaner than that in the rivers.练习：1） Do you need an English-Chinese dictionary ? I have_.2） The language used in advertisements differs from _ used in ordinary readings.3） The color of the jacket is better than_of mine.4） I saw only one motorcar in the shop.Would you go and buy_？5） Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose _.5 look for, look up , find , find out（1） look for“寻找”，强调找的过程。（2） Look up “查找”，强调查字典、电话号码。（3） Find“找到，发现”,强调找的结果。（4） Find out“查明，发现，了解”，指的是经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事 或某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。练习：1） Im_my watch,but I cant_it.2） If you do not know the words , you can_them _in the dictionary.3） I_it difficult to learn English well.4） The teacher wanted to _who had broken the door.6 as well, as well as（1）as well 相当于also, too“也，又”。常放在句子末尾，无需用逗号与句子分 开。 I am going to London and my sister is going as well.（2） as well as “也，还”。常用来连接两个并列的成分。连接连个并列的主语 时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致；翻译时先翻译后面，在翻译前面。 Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.练习：1） The teachers _the students are working overtime.2） They played all kinds of instruments and sang_.7 rather than , instead of , in place of（1） rather than和would连用时构成would rather. than.“宁愿、而不愿、” 的句式，表示主观愿望，在两者中择一。 She would rather die than lose her children. rather than不和would连用时,表示客观事实，“是、而不是、；与其、 不如、”。它的并列成分可以是名词，代词，形容词，介词（短语），动名 词，分句，不定式，动词等等。Rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词应 该和前面的主语保持一致。Rather than连接两个不定式时，不定式可以带 to，也可以不带to。 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. You rather than I are going to go camping. I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.（2） instead of “代替”，“做、而不做、”。 My parents just called me.Im afraid I have to have dinner with them instead of shopping with you tonight.（3） in place of “代替”。着重强调一种物质替换另一种物质。 Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.练习：1） He ran _walked.2） _making progress,my work actually seems to be going backwards.3） William talked at the meeting _the manager who was sick.8 alive, living（1） alive“活着的，有生命的”，和系动词be连用，着重表示一种状态，作表 语。 He was still alive after the car accident.（2） Living“有生命的，生活的”，在句子中作定语，放在所修饰的名词的前面 或代词的后面。 There are no living things on the moon.练习：1） The General was caught_by the energy.2） You can ask him about it.He is a _dictionary.9 sound , voice, noise（1） sound 指的是自然界的一切声音，是声音的总称；（2） Voice指的是说话人的声音；（3） Noise指的是噪音。 There was a strange sound outside. She has a beautiful voice. Dont make so much noise.练习：1） At midnight he heard a strange _from the next room.2） Dont make any _in class.3） When the teacher came into the classroom ,our monitor spoke in a loud _，“stand up”.10 say ，speak, talk , tell（1） say+内容（+语言），“说”。Say goodbye / a word. Say it in English,please. Can you understand what she said.（2） speak+语言，“讲话”。 Would you please speak Chinese,please? I cant understand you.（3） talk “讲话，谈论，谈话”。talk to / with /about They were talking about a film when the teacher came in.（4） tell “告诉，讲述”。 tell+抽象的整体 tell a story tell sth to sb , tell sb (about) sth , tell sb (not) to do sth Ill tell her the news as soon as I see her.练习：1 Jack: Im going to_ a story to my students this afternoon. Jessica: Are you going _it in Chinese or in English? A tell , say B say, tell C tell, speak D tell, tell2 His parents are Chinese,but he cant_Chinese. A tell B say C talk D speak3 Miss White often _us “Never give up!” A tells B speaks C says D talks 4 My mother _me to buy some apples on my way home today. A spoke B talked C told D said5 Mary _a story in English in class yesterday morning. A said B spoke C talked D told6 Please _goodbye to the teacher. A tell B say C talk D speak7 Tom is_with Miss Li in the classroom. A speaking B saying C talking D telling8 We often_about movie stars after class. A saying B telling C speaking D talking9 He was very angry and he didnt_a word. A say B talk C speak D tell10 Janet is from Australia.She can tell a story_English and Chinese. A speak B say C talk D in11 be used to do sth , be used to doing sth , used to do sth（1） be used to do sth 是use sth to do sth的被动语态，“被用来做、” Nowadays,robots are used to do some dangerous things instead of human.（2） be/get used to doing sth “习惯于做、”，be/get是系动词，used是形容词， to是介词。 The man was used to living in the countryside.（3） used to do sth “过去常常做、”。 When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions,for example,”How does darkness happen?”练习：1） I _live in London,but now I am living in Paris.2） The knife_cut things.3） He _living alone several months later.12 be famous for, be famous as （1） be famous for相当于be known for “以、而闻名”。 The town is famous for its beautiful scenery.（2） be famous as “作为、出名；以、身份而闻名”。 Zhou Jielun is famous as a singer.练习：France_his fine food and wine,Thomas Edison _a greater inventor.13 watching sb do sth , watch sb doing sth（1） watch sb do sth “看见某人做过、”，强调动作的全过程。 I watch the thief steal the book from the desk. Did she watch the children cross the road?（2） watch sb doing sth “看见某人正在做、”。强调动作正在进行。I watch the thief stealing the book from the desk.She watched the children crossing the road.（3） 类似用法的词有see , hear等。练习：1 我看见小明正在教室写作业。 _2 老师看着孩子们过马路了吗？ _14 cross , across, through（1） cross 是动词，across和through是介词。 They crossed the river by the boat.（2） across “横穿，横过”，指的是从物体的表面上穿过。 I swam across the river 20 years ago.（3） through“贯通，直穿，透过”，指的是立体空间中的穿过。 They walked slowly through the woods. The sunshine shone in the bedroom through the window.练习：1） Go_the road, and you will see the post office on your left.2） The sunlight comes_the glass.3） Be careful when you _the street.15 in a way, in this way, by the way , on the way（1） in a way “在某种程度上；在某种意义上”。 In a way, it is a good book.（2） In this way “用这种办法”。 In this way, you can speak English well.（3） On the way “在路上，在途中”。 On the way home my father told me a story.（4） By the way “顺便说”。 By the way, have you seen the film before?练习：1） _,do you have any idea where the post office is?2） She is _to the park.3） The work should be done _.4） _,he was right.16. Stop to do sth , stop doing sth（1） stop to do sth 停下来去做某事。 As soon as the teacher left, students stopped to talk.（2） stop doing sth 停止做某事。 The students stopped talking as soon as they saw the teacher.（3） stop .from doing sth 阻止、做、 Please stop them from playing fire.练习：1） we should _(cut) down trees.2） He watched TV for half an hour.At 8:00 he_(do)his homework.3） He_(watch) TV and began to read English.17 take part in , join in , join （1） take part in “参加”，指的是参加群众性活动或会议，并在其中起一定的作 用。 These days, students take part in many activities.（2） join “参加，加入”，指的是加入组织、团体、党派等，成为其中的一员。 He joined the army in 1998 and joined the Party the next year.（3） join in “参加某活动”，后面跟的宾语一般是表示竞赛，游戏，娱乐等活动 的名词，常用语join sb in （doing ）sth的短语中。 Everyone should join in the game. Lets join them in the game.我们和他们一起玩游戏吧。练习：1）I will never forget the day when I _the Party.2）All the students are happy to_the interesting school activities.3）Will you_us_a game of cards?4）I hope you will all _the discussion.18 be familiar to , be familiar with（1） be familiar to “某事对某人是熟悉的”，主语一定是sth。 Your name is very familiar to me.（2） be familiar with “某人对某事是精通的、熟悉的”，主语一定是sb。 He has become familiar with the city.练习：1）I_very_the song because I have listened to it for many times.2）The photo_me.19 few , little, a few, a little否定“几乎不”肯定“一些”修饰可数名词fewa few修饰不可数名词littlea littleThere is little bread in the fridge.I will go and buy some .There are a few books on the desk.There are few books on the desk.练习：1） 这些书没几本容易倒我能够读懂。 Very_of books care easy enough for me .2） 我们没有从他们那里得到什么帮助。 We got_help from them.3） 进来喝点威士忌。 Come in and drink_whisky.4） 我的时间很宝贵，我只能够给你几分钟。 My time is precious. I can only give you _minutes. 20 have gone to , have been to , have been in（1） have gone to “去了”，可能在途中或在目的地，人还没回来。 My father has gone to Shanghai and will be back in a week.（2） Have been to“到过”，曾经去过某地，现在人已经回来了。 He has been to Shanghai three times.（3） Have been in+地点+一段时间“在某地停留了一段时间”。 He has been in Hangzhou for three years.练习：1. Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.3. _ you ever _ kunming ? Never.4. Where _ you _ these days?5. Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _here for several days.6. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.7. Hi Jim! Where _ you _? Li Lei is looking for you.八年级1 see , look, watch,read, notice look指的是有意识的观看，强调看的动作，其后接宾语时，一定要加介词at。Look! What are they doing? see指的是视觉器官有意识或无意识的看到的物体，强调看的结果，意为“看 见，看到”。如看医生see the doctor，看电影see a film。I looked but saw nothing. watch“观看、注视”，指的是以较大的注意力观看。常用于看比赛watch a match，看电视watch TV。His father often watches TV in the evening. read本为“读”，看书、看信、看报纸等常用read。 Dont read in the bed. 5 notice“注意到，看到”，指的是有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化。 He noticed a purse lying on the ground. 练习：1.They are going to _ a football match this afternoon.2.Li Lei is _ a letter from his parents.3.The teacher asked us to _ the blackboard.4.What can you_ in the picture?5.Dont_out of the window as you are having an important lesson.6 She_that there was a little man under the tree.2 be made of, be made from, be made into (1)be made of “由、制成”，指在成品中可以看出原材料，如木制的桌椅、家具等，其制作过程只发生了物理变化。 The chair is made of wood.(2) be made from “某物由、制成”, 指制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生了化学变化，在成品中已经无法辨认。 Wine is made from grapes.(3) be made into “某种原料、可以制成某种成品”, 指某种原料被制成某种产品，与be made of / from正好相反。be made into的主语是原料，其后跟产品。 Grapes can be made into wine. 练习：（1） The vase_wood,it is very light to carry.（2） The oil _the seed.How wonderful!（3） Can such kind of leather_shoes?3 as well as , not only.but also.不仅、而且、；既、又、（1） as well as 连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词和as well as 前面的主语保持 一致。 The students as well as the English teacher are going to take part in the meeting.（2） Not only.but also.连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词和but also后面的主 语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the English teacher is going to take part in the meeting. 练习：1） The children_their parents are having a meeting at the school playground now.2） _the students_their parents are having a meeting at the school playground.4 in front of, in the front of（1） in front of “在、的前面”，两者不在同一整体即范围外。 There is a big tree in front of my house.（2） In the front of “在、的前面”，两者在同一整体即范围内。 There is a big desk in the front of the classroom.练习：1） The driver is _the bus.He is driving the bus now.2） _the house,there are some apple trees.5 spend , pay , take, costspent 钱 + on sth Sb(人) + spend 时间 + with sb （花时间与某人一起度过） 时间 +（in）doing sth 1）I often spend the holiday with my parents.2）I often spend two hours doing my homework every night. （介词in可以省略）3）I often spend two hours on my homework every night. paid pay +钱+for sth (人+buy sth for sb)sb(人) pay for sth (人+buy sth for+钱) I paid five yuan for the book. =I bought the book for five yuan.I paid for the book. took It+takes / took +sb+时间 +to do sth (it是形式主语，to do sth是真正的主语)It took me two hours to read this book.It takes her half an hour to go to school on foot every day. cost Sth(物) + cost + sb +钱 / too much练习一：选择正确的答案。（ ）1.I want to spend my birthday_my best friends.A.on B.in C.with D.at（ ）2.My mother often spends about one hour _meals.A.cook B.cooking C.to cook D.to cooking（ ）3.We spent two hours _the meeting.A.on B.in C.with D.at（ ）4. How long do you usually spend _ your homework every day?A do B. doing C. to do D. to doing ( ) 5.He_two hundred yuan for this book. A spent B paid C took D cost练习二：.他花一年的时间写完这本小说。 He _ one year _ writing this novel.练习三：1).You shouldnt _ too much for clothes.2).Dont _ too much time playing computer games.3).The magazine _ 20 dollars. Its not very cheap.4).It _ me twenty minutes to walk to school each day.6 lay, lie动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词Lay下蛋；产卵；放置LaidlaidLayingLie位于；躺LayLainLyingLie撒谎liedLiedlying练习：1）The hen _ an egg yesterday.2）I _ it on the table.3）The supermarket _ in the center of the city.4）He is _now.5）The child _to the teacher about his reason for being late.6）The hens began _eggs in October.7other, the other, others, the others 泛指特指充当名词单数充当名词复数充当形容词otherthe other（表示两者当中的另外一个）othersthe othersanother（三者或三者以上中的另一个） Other +名词复数 = othersThe other +名词复数 = the othersanother+单数名词 Onethe other.一个、另一个、 Someothers有些、有些、有些、We should think of other people as well as ourselves.Where are the other students in your class?We should take care of others?One of the teachers is in the office,the others are having a meeting.This dress is too long,please give me another.The cake is delicious.Can I have another piece?练习：1.Do you have any _question(s)?2.He has two daughters. One is a nurse, _is a worker.3.Some of us like singing and dancing, _ go in for sports